2020MBA英语二真题答案及解析.docx

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1、2020MBA英语二真题答案及解析2020年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二)Section H Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions bel ow each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social sig

2、nals from others so that can identify friends to co operate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this exte nds to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rat s can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adul

3、t rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial for 5 our days. The robo ts rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and col orful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed th e living rats around, p

4、layed with the same toys, and opene d caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the a social robot simply moved forwards and backwards and sid e to sideNext, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials ea

5、ch, the living rats were 52 percent m ore likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and

6、 playing. This could lead to th e rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanti ng the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, s ays Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular r

7、at but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. nWe* d assumed we d have to give it a mo ving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it t o make it smell like a real ratz but that wasn t necessary, says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Austr alia, who helped with the resea

8、rch.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even wh en they display only simple social signals. We humans see m to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other anima Is a

9、re too,“ says Wiles.21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats canA pickup social signals from non-living ratsB distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile oneC attain sociable traits through special trainingD send out warning messages to their fellow22. What did the social robot do d

10、uring the experimen t?A It followed the social robot.BIt played with some toys.C It set the trapped rats free.DIt moved around alone.23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social rob ot because theyA tried to practice a means of escapeB expected it to do the same in returnC wanted to display

11、their intelligenceDconsidered that an interesting game24. James Wiles notes that ratsAcan remember other rats facial featuresB differentiate smells better than sizesC respond more to cations than to looksDcan be scared by a plastic box on wheels25. It can be learned from the text that ratsAappear to

12、 be adaptable to new surroundingsB are more socially active than other animalsC behave differently from children in socializingDare more sensitive to social cues than expected答案解析21 .【答案】A pick up social signals from non-living rats解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词Quinn and her colleagues 和 a test 定位到第一段第二句

13、。To find out i f this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the Uni versity of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.为 了查明这是否延伸到了非生物，Quinn和她的同事测试了老鼠能否从机 器老鼠身上探测到社会信号。正确答案A是原文的同义替换。选项B 的 distinguish a friendly rat from a hosti

14、le one 区分友好的老鼠 和敌对的老鼠，并未提及，是常识性干扰。选项C的attain sociable traits through special training通过特殊训练获得社交品质原文并 未提及，属于无中生有。选项D的send out warning messages t o their fellow向它们的同伴发出警告信息，原文并未提及，属于无中 生有。22 .【答案】D It moved around alone.解析:本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词the aso cial robot 和 experiment 定位到第三段最后一句 Meanwhile, the

15、 a social robot simply moved forwards and backwards and sid e to side.同时，不具有社交能力的机器人只能进行简单的前后左右移 动。正确答案D It moved around alone.是原文的同义替换。选项A 的It followed the social robot.它跟随具备社交能力的老鼠，与原 文 the social robot rat followed the living rats around 不符， 原文说的是具备社交能力的老鼠跟随真老鼠，属于张冠李戴。选项B的 It played with some toy

16、s.它玩一些玩具,与原文不符，原文中说的 是具备社交能力的老鼠玩同样的玩具，属于张冠李戴。选项C的It se t the trapped rats free.它释放了被困的老鼠也与原文内容不符，原 文说的同样是具备社交能力的老鼠，而题干问的是不具备社交能力的老 鼠在实验中做了什么，属于张冠李戴。23 .【答案】B expected it to do the same in return解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词Quinn 和the rats released the social robots往下定位到第四五段，第五 段最后一句 This could lead to t

17、he rats better remembering h aving freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn. Quinn 说：这可能 会让老鼠更好地记住早些时候已经释放了机器人，并希望机器人在它们 被困住时能回报它们的恩惠。正确答案B expected it to do the s ame in return是原文的同义替换。干扰项A的tried to practice a means of escape试图尝试一种逃跑的方法，原文并未提及，属

18、于 无中生有。选项 C 的 wanted to display their inteHigence 想要展 示它们的智慧,文中并未提到，属于无中生有。选项D的considered that an interesting game觉得是个有趣的游戏在原文当中也没有体 现，属于无中生有。24 .【答案】C respond more to actions than to looks解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词James Wiles定位到第六七段，尾段尾句We humans seem to be fascin ated by robots, and it turns out ot

19、her animals are too, say s Wiles. Wiles说：我们人类似乎对机器人很着迷，事实证明其他动 物也很着迷。再结合尾段前面部分的阐述，会发现正确答案C resp ond more to actions than to looks对行动的反应多于对外表的 反应，是原文的类似表达。干扰项A的can remember other rats facial features能够记住其他老鼠的面部特征，与原文内容不符，原文 第六段说的是假设赋予机器老鼠面部特征，那都不重要，属于偷换概念。 选项 B 的 differentiate smells better than size

20、s 与体型大小相比， 能够更好地区分气味，原文中只提到赋予机器老鼠真老鼠的气味，与原 文不符，属于偷换概念。选项D的can be scared by a plastic bo x on wheels会被装有轮子的塑料盒子吓坏，文中机器老鼠只是装有 轮子的塑料盒子，还是属于偷换概念。25 .【答案】D are more sensitive to social cues than expe cted解析：本题目为推断题，考察基于全文主旨进行推断。题干并没有 具体关键词，因此需要通过选项回到文中逐一对应。正确答案D are more sensitive to social cues than exp

21、ected 对社交线索比预期 更敏感,与原文尾段首句 The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. （这一发现显示了老鼠对社交暗示的敏感程度，即使是来自基本机器老 鼠的社交暗示）属于类似表达。选项A的appear to be adaptable t o new surroundings似乎能适应新环境，在文中并未提及，属于无中 生有。选项 B 的 are more socially active than other animals 比 其他动物更活跃，文中只提到其他动物也一样会对机器人着迷，属于偷 换概念。干扰项 C 的 behave differently from children in sociali zing在社交活动中表现得与孩子不同，与原文内容相反，原文内容指的 是孩子们倾向于把机器人当作人来对待，即使他们只显示简单的社会信 号。这一点与老鼠是一样的，属于正反混淆。