九年级英语期末复习语法讲解(Units8-15).docx

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1、九年级英语期末复习语法讲解(Units8-15)Unit81、短语动词小结常见短语动词结构有下面几种：1 .动词+副词如：give up放弃turn off关掉stay up熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词 和副词之间，如果是名词，那么既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在 短语动词后。2 .动词+介词如：listen of听look at看belong to属于 这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。3 .动词+副词+介词 如：come up with提出，想出run out of用完, 耗尽.动词+名词(介词)如：take part in参加catch hold o

2、f抓住2、倒装句not only . but (also) .不但 而且.用来连接两个并列的成分 引导以not only .but (also).开头的句子往往引起局部倒装。 因此 Not only do I feel good but (also).是倒装句。也是说得要 把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.我不仅能做到而且做 得最好。Not onlybut (also) 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称 和数的变化也就是就近原那么如： Make from当原材料制成成品后，经过

3、了化学变化，失去了原有性质.make up of常用于被动结构：be made up of相当于consist of （由 组成）make up from由.所制造Unit 14 Have you packed yet?现在完成时是由“助动词have （has） +动词过去分词”构成。用法：1 .表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与一些 时间状语，如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice 等连 用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, this year, so far 等连用.

4、eg.I have already posted the letter.（信已经不在 我这儿了）注意：在这里要注意already和yet的辨析：already通常用于肯定句。I have already told him.我已经告诉他了.I have already put it in my suitcase.我已经把它放进我的手 提箱了.yet常用于疑问句和否认句。-Have you watered the tree yet? 你浇树了 吗？ -Yes, I have already watered it. 我浇了.-Have you fed the dog? 你喂过狗 了 吗？-No. I

5、 havent fed it yet.没有，我没喂.2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在,也许还将继续 下去，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用, 即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句，in the last ten years等，谓语只可 用延续性动词.解析：1 .英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止 性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词，瞬间动词，或点动词)，如 begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间 完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连 用，即不

6、能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段,since+时间点/从句连 用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.eg. Ive left Shanghai for three days.(x) Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.( 4 ).I left Shanghai three days ago. ( 4 ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( 4 )2.初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borro

7、w, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以 下方法：.将时间状语改为时间段+ ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.假设保存for+时间段,since+时间点/从句，或用在how long句型中, 那么需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下： come/go/arrive/get/reach/move be in/at openbe opendiebe dead close-be closed bec

8、ome-be borrow-keep begin/startbe on put on-wear leavebe away (from) buyhave fall asleep-be asleep end/finishbe over catch a coldhave a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldierjoin the Party-be in the Party be a Party member一My brother has been in the army for two years. 一My brother has been a

9、soldier for two years.3 .现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at been to去过某地，表 示某人的一种经历,可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用.4 .现在完成时中的for与sincefor+时间段与延续性动词的现在完成时连用since +时间点/从句I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. 5. It is/has been +一段时间 + since 从句,自

10、从 某事发生已有一段时间了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.注意:1.since引导的从句中动词用过去时 2.when引导的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用.5 .have got,has got 虽然是现在完成时，但 have got=have has got=hasNot only Lily but （also） you like cat.不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。Not only you but （also） Lily likes cat.不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。常见的就近原那么的结构有：Neither

11、. nor即不.也不.（两者都不）Neither you nor I like him.我和你都不喜欢他。Either. or.不是就是（两者中的一个）Either Lily or you are a student.Not only .but （also）.There beUnit 9 When was it invented ?被动语态被动语态基本用法：当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是 主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被 动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词（如果是不用物动词， 其过去分词应带

12、有相应的介词）各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：S （主语）+am/is /are+P.P （动词的过去分词）一般过去时：S+was/were +P.P.情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.一般将来时：S+ will+be+ P.P.现在进行时：S+am/is /are+being +P.P现在完成时：S+ have/has + been+ P.P.过去进行时：S+ was/were+being+ P.P.被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词（如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词）被动语态中的be是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态中

13、动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by表示“由，被”的意思汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：It is believed that人们认为It is said that据说It is thought that人们认为It is known that众所周知It is reported that据报道 It is proved that据证明It is announced that据宣布It is suggested that据建议It is requested that据要求 It is demanded that据要求典型例题These eggs

14、in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists.A. are founded B. were founded C. found D. were found此题应该选用D项。从“ These eggs. ”中可知前面的主语是“find” 动词的承受者，而“.by a group of scientists更加证明了这一点， were founded意思为被成立，故应该选用were found”。1、 I a present by my father on my birthday every year.A. give B. was given C. w川 b

15、e given D. am given此题应该选用D项。从“by my father ”中可知前面的主语是“give”动 词的承受者，而.every year”证明了要用现在时态的被动语态结 构，故应该选用am given”。2、 He was in the open air just now .A. hearing singing B. heard sing C. heard to sing D. hearing sing 此题应该选用C项。从He was. ”中可知前面的主语是“hear ”动词 的承受者，而 动词不定式当中的“hear sb do sth”在被动语态中要加 to ，故应该

16、选用heard to sing”。4、Several man-made satellites by China in the last fewyears.A. have been sent up B. have sent up C. are sent up D. were sent up此题应该选用A项。从by China in the last few years.中可知前 面的主语是send up”动词的承受者，而in the last few years.”意思 为“在过去的几年中”，应该用完成时态，而不是过去时态，故应该 选用“have been sent up”。5、 Another

17、 new road in our home town next year.A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. has been built 此题应该选用C项。从“next year. ”中可知是将来时态，而前面的 主语是Another new road”是“ build”动词的承受者，故应该选用w川 be builfoUnit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left1 .过去完成时(1)构成：由助动词had +过去分词构成否认式：had not +过去分词缩写形式：ha

18、dnt(2)用法过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。(3)它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语来表示也可以用when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句来表示还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。When I got there, you had already eaten you meal.当我到达那里时，你已经开始吃了。By the time he got here, the bus had left.到他到达这里时，汽车已经离开了典型题例1、He said he had never seen that

19、film before.Instead,he many novels.A. has read B. had readed C. had wrote D. had read 此题应该选用 D 项。从He said he had never seen that film before ” 中可知是过去完成时态，而从“ Instead,”中可以知道与前面的宾语从句 是并列的内容，故应该选用“had read”。2、The train for a while when they got to the station.A. had left B. had been away C. had gone D.

20、 has been away 此题应该选用B项。从“for a while 1中可知要用完成时态的持续性动 词连接，而从when they got to the station. ”中可以知道过去时间点 以前的事情，应该用故应该选用“had been away3、A week later, I received a book that I on line.A. has ordered B. had ordered C. would order D. was ordering 此题应该选用B项。从“I received a book ”中可知与动词order 的 前后关系，应该是在“收到书以前已

21、经预订了”，故应该用“order”的过 去完成时态结构表示“过去的过去”这一概念。故应该选用“had ordered o4、The boy told his mother that he ill since he came back fromthe school.A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was此题应该选用 C 项。从.since he came back from the school.中 可知前面的主句是完成时态，但是从“The boy told his mother”结构 中可以知道应该用相应的过去时态，故应该选用“had been”。

22、5 When we got to the field, the football match alreadyA. has started B. had started C. will begin D. is going to start 此题应该选用B项。从“already ”中可知是完成时态，但是从When we got to the field”结构中可以知道应该用相应的过去时态，故应该 选用had startedUnit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are ?1、宾语从句A.宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导

23、宾语从句的关 联词有 that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how 等。1、连接词1）由连接词that引导陈述句，在口语中that常省略。eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.2）由连接词whether引导一般疑问句，whether和if常可互换，但 以下场合一般用whether.介词后的宾语从句：Im thinking of whether hell come.与 or not 连用：I dont know whether I should

24、go or not.3）由连接代词 what, who（whom, whose）which 或连接副词 when, where, why, how 弓I 导特殊疑问句。eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for?2、语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语 序，也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词+主谓结构(1).Bill wanted to know who did this. (2).I dont know whats the matter with Bob?（3）.I dont know whats wrong with

25、them?3、时态：一般说来，主从句时态要统一。如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据 需要用其它任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句应该用相应的过 去时态范畴（也就是用一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去 完成时）。eg.Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag.I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting.Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?如果从句说明的是一个客观事实或真理，那么无论主句是什么时态， 从句都只能

26、用一般现在时。eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.注意：在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否认意义，一般不在宾 语从句中否认，而是在主句中否认。eg. I dont think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy.（误）Could you tell me how to get to the park?请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？中的how to get to the park是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语

27、从句，可是 相当于how I can get to the park （宾语从句）如：I dont know how to solve the problem.=I dont know how I can solve the problem.我不矢口道如何解决这个问题Can you tell me when to leave?=Can you tell me when I ill leave?你能告诉我什么时候离开？Unit12 You are supposed to shake hands.should have asked”是“情态动词+现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某 事，事实上没有做I

28、find it difficult to remember everything.形式宾语真正宾语常见的形式宾语有：find / think + it/them + 形容词 to do sth.如：I think it hard to study English.Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad.make sb./sth. + adj.使某人（感到），使处于某种状态（make的宾语之后可跟名词，形容词，分词来充当宾语的补足语）make sb. / sth. + do使某人做某事（不能带不定式符号to）make it习惯用语，及时赶到，到达目的地make of /from./out of Make of原材料制成成品后，原材料未经任何化学变化，仍保持原 有性质.例如： The chair is made of wood. At first people believed that air was made of only one gas.