To a Waterfowl by William Cullen Bryant (威廉柯伦布莱恩特《致水鸟》的课件).ppt

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1、To a WaterfowlbyWilliamCullenBryantTo a Waterfowl ByWilliamCullenBryantWhither,midstfallingdew,Whileglowtheheavenswiththelaststepsofday,Far,throughtheirrosydepths,dostthoupursueThysolitaryway?VainlythefowlerseyeMightmarkthydistantflighttodotheewrong,As,darklypaintedonthecrimsonsky,Thyfigurefloatsalo

2、ng.SeekstthoutheplashybrinkOfweedylake,ormargeofriverwide,OrwheretherockingbillowsriseandsinkOnthechafedoceanside?ThereisaPowerwhosecareTeachesthywayalongthatpathlesscoast,-Thedesertandillimitableair,-Lonewandering,butnotlost.AlldaythywingshavefanndAtthatfarheight,thecoldthinatmosphere:Yetstoopnot,w

3、eary,tothewelcomeland,Thoughthedarknightisnear.Andsoonthattoilshallend,Soonshaltthoufindasummerhome,andrest,Andscreamamongthyfellows;reedsshallbendSoonoerthyshelterednest.Thourtgone,theabyssofheavenHathswallowedupthyform;yet,onmyheartDeeplyhathsunkthelessonthouhastgiven,Andshallnotsoondepart.He,who,

4、fromzonetozone,Guidesthroughtheboundlessskythycertainflight,InthelongwaythatImusttreadalone,Willleadmystepsaright.译作赏析译作赏析致水鸟吕志鲁译披着滴落的露珠，天空灿烂，白日的行程就要结束；穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际，你往何方把孤单的前程追逐？看你远远飞翔而无计可施，捕鸟人的眼光徒劳眷顾；满天红霞把你映衬，暗黑的身影飘飘飞舞。你是在寻找开阔的大河之滨，还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？或者潮水冲刷的海滩，那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？有上苍把你关照，在无路的海岸为你指路 在荒漠和无边的空际，你孤单的飘荡不致

5、迷途。你成天翕动翅膀，任空气稀薄暴寒冷，飞在高处，疲乏中你不肯降落舒适的大地，即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷幕。你很快就会结束这样的劳苦，你即将找到你夏天的住处；休息中呼唤自己的伙伴，芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。你的身躯全被吞没，天堂深渊里，你踪影全无；然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底，我将久久地久久地把它记住砖从一地又到一地，天空无垠，你的飞翔从无迟误；愿引领你的向导把我引领，孤单的长路中迈开永不偏离的脚步。2.1 Youth and EducationBryantwasbornonNovember3,1794,HewasthesecondsonofPeterBryant,adoctorandlater

6、astatelegislator,andSarahSnell.HismaternalancestrytracesbacktopassengersontheMayflower;hisfathers,tocolonistswhoarrivedaboutadozenyearslater.Bryantandhisfamilymovedtoanewhomewhenhewastwoyearsold.The WilliamCullen BryantHomestead,hisboyhood home,isnow amuseum.AfterjusttwoyearsatWilliamsCollege,hestud

7、iedlawinWorthingtonandBridgewaterinMassachusetts,andhewasadmittedtothebarin1815.Hethen began practicing law in nearby Plainfield,walking the seven miles fromCummingtoneveryday.Ononeofthesewalks,inDecember1815,henoticedasingle bird flying on the horizon;the sight moved him enough to write To aWaterfo

8、wl.2.1 Youth and EducationBryantdevelopedaninterestinpoetryearlyinlife.Underhisfatherstutelage（监护）,heemulated（努力赶上）AlexanderPopeandotherNeo-ClassicBritishpoets.TheEmbargo,asavageattackonPresidentThomasJeffersonpublishedin1808,reflectedDr.BryantsFederalistpoliticalviews.Thefirsteditionquicklysoldoutp

9、artlybecauseofthepublicityearnedbythepoetsyoungageandasecond,expandededition,whichincludedBryantstranslationofClassicalverse,wasprinted.TheyouthwrotelittlepoetrywhilepreparingtoenterWilliamsCollegeasasophomore,butuponleavingWilliamsafterasingleyearandthenbeginningtoreadlaw,heregeneratedhispassionfor

10、poetrythroughencounterwiththeEnglishpre-Romanticsand,particul2.2 Composition and publication historyTheinspirationforthepoemoccurredinDecember1815whenBryant,then21,waswalkingfromCummingtontoPlainfieldtolookforaplacetosettleasalawyer.Theduck,flyingacrossthesunset,seemedtoBryantassolitaryasoulashimsel

11、f,inspiringhimtowritethepoemthatevening.ToaWaterfowlwasfirstpublishedintheNorthAmericanReviewinVolume6,Issue18,March1818.ItwaslaterpublishedinthecollectionPoemsin1821.2.3 Critical responseMatthewArnoldpraiseditasthebestshortpoeminthelanguage,andthepoetandcriticRichardWilburhasdescribeditasAmericasfi

12、rstflawlesspoem.2.4 Main worksDiscourse on the Life,Character and Writings of Gulian Crommelin Verplanck(English)(as Author)Letters of a TravellerNotes of Things Seen in Europe and America(English)(as Author)The Little People of the Snow(English)(as Author)Poems(English)(as Author)Poetical Works of

13、William Cullen BryantHousehold Edition(English)(as Author)3.1 SummaryThenarratorquestionswherethewaterfowlisgoing.Hequestionshismotivesforflying.Hewarnsthewaterfowlthathecouldpossiblyfinddanger,travelingalone.But,thiswaterfowlisnotalone.HeknowsthatthewaterfowlisbeingledbysomePower（神秘主义mysticism）.Ast

14、hewaterfowlreachesoutofthenarratorssight,thenarratorreflectsonGodsguidanceinhisownlife.ThenarratorissurethatGodhasledthiswaterfowl,andthatthewaterfowlhadfaithinthenarrator.Now,thenarratorsfaithisstrengthened.HeknowsthatGodisguidinghimaswell.AsthenarratorseesGoddirectingthewaterfowl,thenarratorisremi

15、ndedofGodsguidanceinhisownlife.Throughhisobservanceinnature,thenarratorisreconnectedwithhisfaithinGod.3.2 Analysis“ToaWaterfowl”iswritteniniambictrimeter（抑扬三部格）andiambicpentameter（抑扬格五音部）,consistingofeightstanzasoffourlines.ThepoemrepresentsearlystagesofAmericanRomanticismthroughcelebrationofNaturea

16、ndGodspresencewithinNature.BryantisacknowledgedasskillfulatdepictingAmericanscenerybuthisnaturaldetailsareoftencombinedwithauniversalmoral,asinToaWaterfowl.Stanza 1 Whither1,midstfallingdew,Whileglowtheheavenswiththelaststepsofday,Far,throughtheirrosydepths,dostthoupursueThysolitaryway?2SummaryAsthe

17、dewfallsandthesunsetsintherosydepthsoftheheavens,Iwonderwhereyou(waterfowl)aregoing?Notes1.Whither:Where.2.Thespeakeraddressesthewaterfowlasifitwerepresent.Doingsoconstitutesafigureofspeechknownasapostrophe.本诗第一节就以整节的篇幅描绘一只水鸟孤独地飞在天空中的画面背景；Stanza 2Vainlythefowlers3eyeMightmarkthydistantflighttodothee

18、wrong,As,darklyseenagainstthecrimsonsky,Thyfigurefloatsalong.SummaryWithoutsuccess,ahunter(fowler)mighttrytobringyoudownasyoufloatinsilhouetteagainstthecrimsoneveningsky.Notes3.fowlers:Hunters.诗人把水鸟塑造成一个坚定的形象。Stanza 3Seekstthoutheplashy4brinkOfweedylake,ormargeofriverwide,10Orwheretherockingbillowsr

19、iseandsinkOnthechafed5ocean-side?SummaryAreyoulookingforthemarshyedgeofalake,thebankofariver,ortheshoreoftheocean?Notes4.plashy:Marshy,wet,havingmanypuddles.5.chafed:Wornawaybythesea.Stanza 4ThereisaPower6whosecareTeachesthywayalongthatpathlesscoastThedesertandillimitableair15Lonewandering,butnotlos

20、t.SummaryThereisaPowerthatleadsyouonyourwayacrossdesertsandthroughunlimitedexpansesofair.Youmaybewanderingandalone,butyouarenotlost.Notes6.Power:God.水鸟如何到达自己的目的地。一切都浑然天成，不论是在无形海岸还是无尽的天空，都有一种神秘的力作为它的向导。Stanza 5Alldaythywingshavefanned,Atthatfarheight,thecold,thinatmosphere,Yetstoopnot,weary,tothewelc

21、omeland,Thoughthedarknightisnear.20SummaryYouhavebeenflappingyourwingsalldayhighinthesky,yetyoucontinueoneventhoughnightisnearandlandbeckonsbeneathyou.此节开始，全诗的象征意味显明起来。凉夜将降，水鸟飞行终日，疲惫不堪，诗人却不希望它降临福地。Stanza 6Andsoonthattoilshallend;Soonshaltthoufindasummerhome,andrest,Andscreamamongthyfellows;reeds7sha

22、llbend,Soon,oerthyshelterednest.SummarySoonyourjourneywillend.Soonyouwilldescendtoyoursummerhome.There,youwillscreamamongothersofyourkindandfindsecureshelteramongthetallgrasses.Notes7.reeds:Tallgrassesinmarshland这种象征意味更加明显。虽然描写得非常具象：水鸟熬过暗夜，结束旅程，迁徙至温暖的家。但此时它的同伴却“尖叫”起来，而芦苇也长过它曾憩息的地方。如此一联系，原诗中的rest也许不是

23、单指休息，而是水鸟长途跋涉之后西去了。Stanza 7Thourtgone,theabyssofheaven25Hathswallowedupthyform;yet,onmyheartDeeplyhathsunkthelessonthouhastgiven,Andshallnotsoondepart.SummaryIcannolongerseeyou,butIwillneverforgetthelessonyoutaughtme.Lesson?Stanza 8He8who,fromzonetozone,Guidesthroughtheboundlessskythycertainflight,3

24、0InthelongwaythatImusttreadalone,Willleadmystepsaright.SummaryGod,whoguidesyoufromoneplacetoanother,willalsoguidemethroughlife,leadingmeontherightpath.Notes8.He:God？3.2.2 Theme JustasGodguidesthewaterfowltoitssummerhome,sotooHeguidesthespeakerofthepoemthroughlifetohisultimatedestination,heaven.Inthe

25、end,onewillbeabletosayaboutthespeakerwhatthespeakersaysaboutthewaterfowl:theabyssofheaven/Hathswallowedupthyform(lines25-26).Thepoemis,inessence,aprofessionoffaithinGod.3.2.3 Meter Ineachstanza,thepoetusesiambictrimiterinlines1and4butiambicpentameterinlines2and3.Thesecondstanzaillustratesthisformat:

26、VainlythefowlerseyethreeiambicfeetMightmarkthydistantflighttodotheewrongfiveiambicfeetAs,darklypaintedonthecrimsonskyfiveiambicfeetThyfigurefloatsalongthreeiambicfeet3.2.4 Structure and RhymeBryantneatlydividesthepoemintoeightstanzas,eachwiththesamemetricalstructureandeachwiththesamerhymepattern:the

27、lastsyllableofthefirstlinealwaysrhymeswiththelastsyllableofthethird,andthelastsyllableofthesecondlinealwaysrhymeswiththelastsyllableofthefourth.(Lines14and16havedifferentvowelsoundsattheend;consequently,thesyllablescontainingthembecomeapararhyme.)Theuseofiambs(metricalfeeteachconsistingofanunstresse

28、dsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable)throughoutthepoemcouldbeawaytosuggesttheflappingofwings.3.2.5 Examples of Figures of Speech alliteration:While,Whither(lines1-2);depths,dost(line3);their,thou,thy(lines3-4);distant,do,darkly(lines6-7)metaphor:last steps of day(comparisonofthedaytoacreaturethatwal

29、ks).Anaphora（首语重复法）（首语重复法）:repetitionofsoon(lines21,22,24).Anaphoraistherepetitionofaword,phrase,orclauseatthebeginningofwordgroupsoccurringoneaftertheother.Examples:(1)Give mewine,give mewomenandgive mesong.(2)Foreverythingthereisaseason.a timetobeborn,anda timetodie;a timetoplant,anda timetoplucku

30、pwhatisplanted.Bible,Ecclesiastes.personification:Thespeakeraddressesthewaterfowlasifitwereaperson,sayingithastaughtalesson;healsoreferstootherwaterfowlsasfellows(line23).metaphor:on my heart/deeply hath sunk the lesson(comparisonofthehearttotheintellect)3.2.6 Use of AnastropheLikemanyotherpoets,Bry

31、antoccasionallyusesanastropheinversionofthenormalwordorderasinWhile glow the heavens(line2)andriver wide(line10).4.Study Questions and Essay Topics1.Whatisthemoodofthepoem?2.Whatisawaterfowl?3.Whatmeaningormeaningsdoyouattributetolong wayinline31?4.Ifyouweretopaintapictureillustratingthepoem,whatwoulditlooklike?Wouldyouincludethespeaker(poet)inthepicture?Howwouldyouconveytheideaofadivinepresenceguidingthewaterfowl?