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1、Properties(特性)of different substancesHardness(硬度)Melting point(溶點)&Boiling point(沸點)Solubility(溶解度)Electrical conductivity(導電性)Relationship between particles and bondingHardness(硬度)Hardness(硬度)-the resistance to breakingWhatistherelationshipbetweenhardnessofasubstanceandthestrengthofattractionbetwee
2、ntheparticles?Whatistherelationshipbetweenhardnessofasubstanceandthestrengthofattractionbetweentheparticles?nThe stronger the attraction between the particles,the higher will be the hardness of the substance.O-HsinglebondisfoundtobeevenstrongerthanC-Csinglebond.However,iceisnotashardasdiamond.Explai
3、nthisbriefly.nIn the breaking of diamond,the strong C-C single bond has to be broken,therefore diamond is very hard.nIn the breaking of ice,only the weak van der Waals forces have to be broken.It has nothing to be dealt with the O-H single bond.Therefore ice is much weaker than diamond.Melting and B
4、oiling point(融點及沸點)Melting point&Boiling pointMelting point&Boiling point環境溫度Whatistherelationshipbetweenmeltingpointandboilingpointofasubstanceandthestrengthofattractionbetweentheparticles?Whatistherelationshipbetweenmeltingpointandboilingpointofasubstanceandthestrengthofattractionbetweentheparticl
5、es?nThe stronger the attraction between the particles,the higher will be the melting point and boiling point of the substance.Solubility(溶解度)Solubility(溶解度)Solubility(溶解度)Solubility(溶解度)Polar and non-polar moleculesPolarity of a moleculeSolvents(溶劑)and Solutes(溶質)=State2polarsolvents(溶劑溶劑).Water,alc
6、oholState2non-polarsolvents.Oil,thinner waterState2polarsolutes(溶質溶質)Salt(ions),sugar(polar molecules)State2non-polarsolutes.Plastic,Bitumen(瀝青)SolutionSolubility(溶解度)polare.g.waternon-polare.g.thinner water(an organic solvent)polare.g sugar orsaltnon-polare.g.plasticSolvent(溶劑)Solute(溶質)Solubility(
7、溶解度)polare.g.waternon-polare.g.thinner water(an organic solvent)polare.g sugar orsaltnon-polare.g.plasticSolvent(溶劑)Solute(溶質)Golden rule of solubilitynLike dissolves Like.nLike(solvent)dissolves Like(solute).Solubility(溶解度)polare.g.waternon-polare.g.thinner water(an organic solvent)polare.g sugar o
8、rsaltnon-polare.g.plasticSolvent(溶劑)Solute(溶質)Classwork(pg 111)ADB&Dmetal&non-metalDElectrical conductivity(導電性)What is an electric current(電流)?What is an electric current(電流)?Electrical ConductivitynOnly substances possessing mobile charge carriers are conductors.ne.g.metal free electronssalt solut
9、ion mobile ionsmolten salt free ionsUnderwhatconditionswillioniccompoundconductelectricity?Explainthisbriefly.Underwhatconditionswillioniccompoundconductelectricity?Explainthisbriefly.nIonic compounds only conduct in molten or aqueous state.nIn solid state,the ions in the compound are not mobile and
10、 cannot conduct electricity.nIn contrast,in molten or aqueous state,the ions are mobile and can move to conduct electricity.Classwork(pg 111)CDBClasswork(pg 112)ionic bondingPQ2highhighhigh;lowonly in molten or aqueous stateClasswork(pg 113)covalentRS4lowlowlowhighlowQ 1(pg 115)sodium chloride,sodiu
11、m carbonatediamond,silicon(IV)oxidewater,chlorineQ 2(pg 115)IonsIonic bondHighHighSoluble(l)or(aq)atomsCovalent bondHighHighInsolubleonly graphitemoleculesv.d.w&covalentLowLowLowNot conductiveQ 3(pg 115)nWhy do ionic solids have high melting and boiling points?Because the ions are held together by s
12、trong ionic bond and a large amount of energy is required to separate them.Q 4(pg 115)nExplain why sodium chloride is soluble in water but insolube in 1,1,1-trichloroethane.Sodium chloride is insoluble in 1,1,1-trichloroethane because the attraction among the ions are stronger than the attraction be
13、tween the ions and the 1,1,1-trichloroethane molecules.Sodium chloride is soluble in water because the attraction between water and the ions is comparable to the attraction among the ions.Q 5(pg 115)nButter has certain properties which show that it contains substances with simple molecular structure
14、s.What are these properties?It has low melting point and boiling point.It is soft,non-conductive and insoluble in water.Q 6-8(pg 115)Q 9(pg 116)Q 10(pg 116)Q 11(pg 116)Q 12(pg 116)Q 13(pg 116)Q 14(pg 117)Q 15(pg 117)Q 16(pg 117)BABABBBBABCBACBQ 17(pg 117)covalent bondionic bondcovalentvan der Waals
15、forcesvan der Waals forcesioniccovalent bondcovalent bondQ 18(pg 118)nSubstances with simple molecular structures with simple molecular structures often have a smell,but substances with giant ionic structures do not.Why is this?Molecular substances consists of molecules which may separate easiyly an
16、d enter the nose.Ionic substances have all the oppositely charged ions sticking together by strong ionic bond.Q 19(pg 118)B&DQ19(pg 118)b)Ionic compounds possess giant ionic structure where oppositely charged ions are held together by strong ionic bond.It is difficult to separate them by heating and
17、 ionic compound are usually high meltingc)E;Its high melting implies that the particles are held together by strong force,i.e.covalent bond.It doesnt conduct electricity even in molten state implies that it possesses no ion.Furthermore,the insoluble nature of the substance confirm that it has a giant covalent structure.Q19(pg 118)d)B,D,Ee)B,D&EQ 20(pg 119)Q 21(pg 119)
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