新编大学英语第三版第三册Unit1课文翻译及课后练习答案.doc

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1、Unit 1PersonalityIn-Class Reading 羞怯的痛苦1 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。2 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反响。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例

2、如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改良的建议。3 相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们是否在做“该做的事情需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而快乐，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来答复别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好

3、一些。我知道这不是真的。显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。4能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于害怕和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。5 如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否认。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：6 1认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点

4、。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。7 2确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。8 3内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，光感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该成认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。9 4所有问题都有许多种解决方法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。10 5不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否认。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。11 6接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把

5、批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改良。12 7记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，在你就读的大学里，你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。13 8有些人会使你感到自己无能，不要和这种人交往。去设法改变他们对你的态度或者改变你对自己的态度，要不就脱离这种关系。伤害你的人并不关心你的最大利益。14 9留出时间休息，享受自己的业余爱

6、好，并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。为此所花费的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。15 10多在社交场合中锻炼。不要把自己同他人隔离开来。设法一次结识一位朋友；最终你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。我们自有吸引人的地方。我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。不要让羞怯成为阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石。After-Class Reading看待生活的两种方式你的生活态度是你个人人生观的深刻表达。让我们更仔细地看一下二者的关系。你是个悲观主义者，还是个乐观主义者？你看待生活的方式确实影响着你的生活态度，你清楚吗？请记住：改变了你的人生观，就改变了你

7、的生活态度。1 父亲低头年看着小床里睡得正熟的女儿，女儿出生没几天，刚从医院回家。她的漂亮和完美使他心中充满了敬畏和感谢。2 这时孩子睁开了眼睛，直直地向上方望着。3 父亲叫她的名字，期待着她转头看他。她的眼睛却一动不动。4 他拿起系在婴儿床围栏上的小绒毛玩具摇起来，玩具上的响铃发出叮叮当当的声音。孩子的眼睛还是一动不动。5 他的心跳开始加速。他在卧室里找到了妻子并把刚刚发生的事告诉了她。“她似乎对声音毫无反响，他说。“好似她根本听不到。6 “我敢肯定她一切正常，妻子说着，一边披上晨衣。他们一起走进了婴儿的房间。7 她叫着孩子的名字，把铃摇得叮当响，还拍手。随后她把孩子抱起来，这时孩子一下子变

8、得活泼起来并发出开心的声音。8 “天哪，父亲说，“她是个聋子。9 “不，不会的，母亲说。“我是说，现在这么说太早了。你看，她刚出生不久，视线还不能集中呢。10 “可是刚刚你那么用力地拍手，她都没有一点反响。11 母亲从书架上拿了一本书。“让我们看看这本育儿书上怎么说，她说道。她查到“听觉栏，大声读道：“如果你的新生儿听到响声不吃惊，或者不会朝向发出声音的方向，不必慌张。因为对声音的反响通常要过一段时间才会出现。你的儿科医生可以从神经系统方面对孩子的听觉进行测试。12 “瞧，母亲说道，“这是不是让你感觉好多了？13 “没好多少，父亲说。“书里甚至都没提还有另一种可能性，那就是孩子是聋子。我只知道

9、我的宝贝什么也听不见。我有一种最可怕的预感。也许这是因为我的祖父就是聋子的原因。如果我们漂亮的小宝贝真是聋子而且是我这一方的原因，我将永远无法原谅自己。14 “嗨，等等，妻子说。“你太多虑了。星期一我们第一件要做的事就是给儿科大夫打 。现在快乐点儿吧。来，抱着孩子，我把毯子弄弄好，全都拉散了。15 父亲接过孩子，但是很快地又把她还给了妻子。整个周末他发现自己无法准备下一周的工作。他跟着妻子在屋子里转，满脑子想的都是孩子的听觉问题以及失聪将会怎样毁了孩子的一生。他只想到最坏的一面：没有听觉，无法学语言，他那漂亮的宝贝将与世隔绝，被困在无声的世界中。等到了星期天晚上，他已经彻底绝望了。16 母亲在

10、儿科医生的代接 效劳处留了言，预约星期一一大早与医生见面。周末那么用来让自己锻炼、阅读并尽力抚慰丈夫。17 医生检查的结果令人抚慰，但父亲的情绪依然低落。直到一周后，当孩子听到过路卡车的巨响而第一次感到吃惊时，他这才开始情绪好转，并又感到和新生女儿在一起的乐趣了。18 故事中的父亲母亲有两种截然不同的看世事的方式。 只要有丁点不好的事发生在父亲身上，如银行经理的一个 、与妻子的意见相左、甚至是老板皱了一下眉头，他都会往最坏的方面想：破产、入狱、离婚、解雇。他很容易情绪低落；经常感到很累；身体不好。而与他正相反，她总是从最乐观的角度来看待坏事。对她而言，这些事只不过是一时的考验而已，会克服的。在

11、经历挫折后，她很快就恢复过来，并又重新恢复活力。她的身体非常健康。19 在过去的25年中，我一直在研究乐观主义者和悲观主义者这两类人。悲观主义者的典型特征是，他们往往相信坏事会持续相当长的一段时间，会危及他们所做的每件事，并且都是他们自己的过错。而乐观主义者在面临同样的生活不幸时，那么以相反的方式看待厄运。他们会认为失败只是暂时的挫折，它的起因也仅限于这一例。乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们的错，而是环境、运气不佳或其他人造成了自己的失败。这些人从不为失败所困扰。面临逆境时，他们会把它看作是考验并更加努力。20 这两种考虑问题起因的习惯会产生不同的结果。毫不夸张地说，大量的研究都说明悲观主义者更容

12、易放弃，更经常感到情绪低落。这些试验还显示乐观主义者无论在学校学习还是在工作中的表现都要出色得多。他们的表现常常超出了能力测验的预测。当乐观主义者参加竞选时，他们比悲观主义者更容易中选。他们的健康状况出奇地好。有证据显示他们可能更长寿。21 25年的研究使我确信，如果我们像我们悲观主义者那样，习惯性地认为不幸是我们自己的过错，会持续很长时间，而且会危及我们所做的每件事情，那么更多的不幸就会发生在我们身上，而反之那么不然。我也确信，如果我们总是为这种观点所左右，我们将会更容易消沉，将无法取得我们本应取得的成就，并且我们将更容易生病。悲观主义者的预言会自然应验的。课内阅读练习答案 Part One

13、 Preparation1. Saying Things Sincerely or SarcasticallySTEP ONE1 C (Sincerely) 2 A (Sarcastically) 3 D (Sincerely) 4 B (Sincerely)STEP TWOSamplePicture 1It is matched with Line C, because it can be seen from the picture that the man is splashing some dirty rainwater onto the ladys dress.Line C is si

14、ncere because the man in the picture is making an apology to the lady.W: Oh, My goodness! What have you done to my new dress?M: Ah, Im awfully sorry. I didnt mean to make such a beautiful lady angry. I should have been more careful!W: Angry? No, Im not angry. I can just put it in the washing machine

15、 when I get home.Picture 2It is matched with Line A, because the moon is in the sky and the man pointing at his watch tells us it is very late at night.Line A is sarcastic, for the man in the picture is obviously angry with the lady.W: Im back, honey.M: Er, finally!W: You seem so worried. Why?M: Why

16、 should I be worried about you? Its already past midnight.W: Dont worry. I wont get lost so easily. Im not an unsophisticated young girl.Picture 3It is matched with Line D, for the boy pushing the bike is just back from a ride.Line D is sincere, because from their dialog we can see they are good fri

17、ends and the boy must have had the owners permission to use the bike.Boy A: Heres your bike. Its so kind of you to loan me your new bike.Boy B: Youre welcome. You can use it whenever you want. Did you find it easy to ride?Boy A: Not really. Maybe I need some more practice.Picture 4It is matched with

18、 Line B, because it can be seen from the picture that the lady is addressing an office boy who has hurt his wrist.Line B is sincerely said, for the boy still comes to work even with an injured hand.W: Youre late to work. You had a doctors appointment, didnt you?M: Im sorry for being late. But how di

19、d you know that?Communication ProblemsW: I guess its the doctor who bandaged up your hand. Are you all right?M: Todays my unlucky day! I had my hand hurt and my cell phone broken in a traffic accident.Teaching tipsIn order to be sarcastic, Americans adjust their vocal tone by speaking flat, lengthen

20、ing their vowel sounds and perhaps creating a facial expression. Tone of voice: When communicating, the way the words are spoken may be more important than what is actually being said. The tone of voice can indicate whether a speaker is sincere or sarcastic, casual or impassioned, serious or humorou

21、s, and confident or uncertain. For instance, sarcasm occurs when the speaker pitches a stressed syllable lower than the other words in the sentence. For example, the pitch of the word “great in sentence “Great weather, huh? changes depending on whether youre being sincere or sarcastic. Volume and sp

22、eed of voice: A loud voice or speaking quickly may be a sign of excitability or urgency. Slow or soft speech may indicate a relaxed attitude or uncertainty. To put emphasis on what is being said, speakers may also effectively slow their speech or pause, and they may raise or lower their voices. Faci

23、al expressions: Smiles, frowns and other facial expressions can be used to express our feelings. For example, both eyebrows lifted can mean surprise or excitement, whereas a single lifted eyebrow may indicate sarcasm or disbelief.2. English-Chinese Telephone ChainsHere are a few messages for your re

24、ference. You can have your own messages as well.1. John is 17 years old, a freshman majoring in business management.2. Forty boys and 14 girls have entered the English Speaking Contest.3. Professor Wang used to teach physical education at a university in Austria.4. I cant stand him any longer becaus

25、e he tends to lose his temper easily.5. I talked to an Italian girl in my class about her math homework on Thursday.Teaching tipsActivity: English-Chinese Telephone ChainsDuration: About 15 minutesAim: Practice listening, pronunciation, and translationIntroduction: This activity not only entails lis

26、tening, pronunciation and translation skills, but also enables students to be aware of misunderstandings in daily communication, such as message delivering.Preparation: In this activity, the 8-10 students of each group should be seated in a line or circle for the message to pass from one to another

27、without being heard by others in the group. And the message can be chosen either by the teacher (or made up by the first student in each group).Remember that the rest of the group should have no idea about the message in advance.Procedure: Make sure that students have a clear understanding of the go

28、al and rules. The first student of each group will get an English message from the teacher, translate it into Chinese and whisper the Chinese version to the second student. The second student is supposed to translate it back into English and whisper it to the third student. This continues down the l

29、ine until the message gets to the last student. Each student can only say “Can you please repeat that? one time. When the message reaches the end of the chain, the student must speak out loud. In a big group you can send the message two ways and find out which team comes closest to the original mess

30、age. Oftentimes the message will be completely different when it reaches the end. Try to find out where the chain broke!The point of this activity is not winning; rather, it is to see if the last student can say the message correctly. The interesting thing about this activity is that usually the las

31、t student never says the message correctly. It is also fun to hear the message all scrambled up, which naturally leads the students into cases of misunderstanding in the After-Class Reading passage.Depending on students proficiency in English, the difficulty of this activity can be adjusted. If the

32、teacher aims to favor the demands of students with a relatively low level of English, it is advisable to make slight alterations as follows. The class will be divided into groups of 8-10 students.The first student of each group will be given a message by the teacher. The message should be whispered

33、from one person to the next. The last person should repeat the message aloud. The group that gets the message through with the fewest changes wins.3. Enjoying a JokeSampleIn the joke, the problem is that the boy always took what the man said literally. In fact, when the man asked “Where does this ro

34、ad go?, he expected that the boy would tell him that the road went or led to a certain place. But instead, the boy didnt know what the man meant or he meant to tease the man and his answer seemed irrelevant. The same thing happened with the question “How far is it to the next town?. Therefore, the r

35、eader may think the boy is stupid. But surprisingly, the boys last remark was very clever: “I know I dont know much, and I may be a fool, but at least Im not lost. This made the man seem stupid.Part Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingPost-ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the

36、Organization of the Text1) Introduction: (para.1) Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. 2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (para.23)Peoples self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.People with high self-esteem usually act with confide

37、nce.People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (para.415) i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses. ii) Set reasonable goals. iii) Dont waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame. iv) Dont

38、be afraid to speak up and give your point of view. v) Do not make negative comments about yourself. vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully. vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences. viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate. ix) Set aside

39、 time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly. x) Practice being in social situations.4) Conclusion: (para.16) The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.2. Understanding Specific Information1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) F3

40、. Group Discussion1) I think the most effective ways of overcoming shyness are the first and seventh ways. Recognizing our personal strengths and weaknesses is useful because if we know ourselves better, we can feel more self-confident. We can be more objective, instead of being blind. The seventh w

41、ay is to profit from failures and disappointments as learning experiences. If we allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when we fail, then we will feel more unsure of ourselves. But if we think of a failure as a learning experience, we are adopting a positive attitude. By analyzing objectively w

42、hy we failed and planning how to set about doing things differently we will be more likely to succeed next time.2) Modesty is used to describe a reserved appraisal of ones merits, abilities or success. The opposite of modesty is arrogance or boastfulness. Modest people dont want to talk about their

43、abilities or achievements. Modest people know their strengths and their worth, but choose to downplay their greatness and be humble. So modesty is the result of confidence. Shyness is used to describe the uncomfortable feeling one has in the company of others. It often implies a lack of self-confide

44、nce and a timid, reserved manner. Modesty is a good personality trait while shyness in many cases is undesirable.3) Being shy isnt necessarily a bad thing. It is appropriate and normal to be shy in some circumstances, for example, in the presence of teachers, your boss, your parents friends or your

45、prospective in-laws; when you are dating someone, especially the first time; when you are with strangers; when you are in a new environment; when youre facing a large audience. In fact, it can even be helpful to be a little shy. When youre shy and keep silent, you may spend a little time observing t

46、he surroundings and people around before jumping right into the new situation. Vocabulary 1. “Self- is a prefix which means “of, to or by oneself or itself .Words with the prefix “self- that appear in the text: self-conscious, self-concept, self-assurance, self-worth, self-confidence, self-esteem, s

47、elf-destructive, self-awareness, self-acceptance, self-rejection, self-confident.1) self-conscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you) 2) self-confidence (belief in ones own ability, power, judgment, etc.; confidence in oneself)3) self-esteem (the fee

48、ling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or admired)4) self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to ones own best interests)5) self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements)6) self-concept (ones conception or general idea of ones own basic character and nature)7) self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself)8) self-assurance/self-con