sentence structure.ppt

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1、主语主语(Subject)由名词或起名词作用的词（如代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词）、短语（如名词短语、不定式短语或动名词短语）或名词从句（the nominal clause）构成To say is one thing;to do is another.What you said is right.A horse is a useful animal.谓语动词谓语动词(Predicate Verb)由动词（包括短语动词，如look at,take care of 等），或动词短语（即助动词包括情态动词加动词，如must do,cant have done等）的基本形式组成，They migh

2、t have arrived at the destination now.The club was organized 10 years ago.表语（表语（Predicative）表语常指be动词或系动词(如：become,get,seem等)后的成分，它是对主语的描述，由名词和起名词作用的词，短语或从句及形容词或起形容词作用的词（如分词）、短语（如形容词短语、分词短语）组成 They fell silent.The story is exciting.宾语（宾语（Object）宾语常指动词或介词之后的成分,由名词和起名词作用的词、短语、或从句组成 He gave me a book fo

3、r my birthday He said that he didnt know about this 宾补（宾补（Object Complement）用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态，宾语为其逻辑上的主语。一般分为五种结构：动词动词+宾语宾语+形容词形容词I consider myself lucky to be invited.We must keep the room clean.动词动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式(有的动词后可省略有的动词后可省略to)The teacher will watch the students do it.We should prefer you not to c

4、hange your plan.They encourage us to find a better solution.动词动词+宾语宾语+名词名词We must keep it a secret.They found her a suitable person for the job.动词动词+宾语宾语+分词分词We heard them singing in the next room.They had the photo taken when they were working in the fields.I found my clothes washed.动词动词+宾语宾语+介宾短语介

5、宾短语/副词副词The cold kept me in bed for 3 days.He found everything there in good order.状语（状语（Adverbial Modifier）状语可用来修饰句中的形容词、动词、副词、或整个句子，用来表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。由副词或起副词作用的词（分词、动词不定式等）、短语（如分词短语、介词短语、不定式短语）和从句及独立结构构成。He works extremely hard.He raised his voice to make himself understood.He raised

6、 his voice to make himself understood.When I was still a boy,the water in the river was very clean.定语定语(Attribute)由形容词或形容词作用的词（如分词、数词、代词、名词、动词不定式、动名词、副词）、短语和从句构成。它可以修饰句中任何名词或起名词作用的词或短语，Trained musicians do not have to hear every sound they produce.I need a comfortable chair to sit on.The man over th

7、ere is from America.同位语（同位语（Appositive）一般由名词和起名词作用的词、短语和从句充当，对前一名词或名词短语进行解释或描绘，We students should work hard for the development of our country.Charlie Chaplin,one of the greatest film makers,was born in 1848.独立成分（独立成分（Independent Element）指与句中其它成分没有语法联系的成分，包括肯定词，否定词，感叹词，称呼语等。SV（主-动）：谓语为不及物动词 She laug

8、hed.Time flies.2.SVP（主-动-表）：谓语为连系动词或不及物动词，后跟表语Im a student.The story is moving.The city lies unseen.SVA（主-动-状）：谓语为连系动词或不及物动词，状语不可省略。In a minute or two we were at the inn.He stood there,laughing.SVO（主-动-宾）：谓语为及物动词，后跟直接宾语；宾语能通过被动转换为主语 The frost killed the flowers.She wore a pair of glass.SVoO（主-动-宾-宾）

9、：谓语为及物动词，后跟两个宾语，直接宾语和间接宾语；两个宾语都能通过被动转换为主语 I bought her a gift.A gift was bought for her./She was bought a gift.She killed her husband a chicken.SVOC（主-动-宾-补）：及物动词后的直接宾语需有一个宾语补语。直接宾语既是句中的宾语，又是宾语补语的逻辑主语。直接宾语可通过被动转换变成主语，宾语补语也随之变成主语补语The sun dries it yellow.It is dried yellow by the sun.They made Newton

10、 president of the Royal Society.Newton was made president of the Royal Society.SVOA（主-动-宾-状）：及物动词后跟直接宾语，随后的状语也不可省略。直接宾语通过被动转换变成主语后，后面的状语仍应保留。The secretary showed me into the reception room.I was showed into the reception room by the secretary.Theyve put men on the moon.Men have been put on the moon.

11、He treats his wife badly.句子种类句子种类 1.简单句简单句(the simple sentence):只包括一个主谓结构He stood there,laughing并列句并列句(the compound sentence):包括两个或两个以上的分句，各分句之间相互独立，重复的成分可以省略，由并列连词或由分号或逗号将它们连系起来。分句间有并列、选择、条件、层进、承接、转折、因果等关系。His father is a teacher while his mother is a worker in a factory.3.复合句复合句(the complex sentence):是包含从句的一类句子The fact that a new species was discovered caused great excitement.The building being built now is for those who have made great contributions to the construction of the city.