中考英语名词常用用法及练习(教师版)44029.pdf

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1、 1 中考英语名词常用用法及练习（教师版）一名词的分类:专有名词 Sunday USA Jim Mary Christmas the WTO Green 普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 book pen banana umbrella 集体名词 class family people police 不可数名词 物质名词 water milk rice air 抽象名词 love help advice youth(年轻)二名词的数：1.可数名词复数的规则变化 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 在词尾加-s bag boy book 以 s.x.ch.sh 结尾 在词尾加-es watch box

2、class 以辅音字母加 y 结尾 把 y 变为 i 再加-es city baby 以 f/fe 结尾 把 f/fe 变为 v 再加-es knife leaf wolf 以辅音字母加 o 结尾 有生命意义的加-es tomato potato 无生命意义的加-s piano zoo radio 2可数名词的不规则变化：1）表示某国人的名词变复数 Chinese,Japanese 等名词的单复数形式相同；English,Frenchman 的复数形式是把字母 a 变成 e;American,Australian,Canadian 等的复数形式是在后面加-s.2)改变内部元音或词尾构成复数形式

3、的名词 man 的复数形式为 men,woman 的复数形式为 women,由 man/woman 构成的复合名词变复数时，两个名词需要同时变为复数形式。foot的复数形式为 feet;tooth 的复数形式为 teeth;child 的复数形式为 children.3)单复数形式相同的名词 Sheep,deer 等名词的单复数形式相同。而 people 表示人时，其本身便是名词复数，不可再在其后加-s;当表示民族时，其复数为 peoples.4)复合词中名词的单复数形式 数词+名词（+形容词）构成复合词时，其中的名词可用单数形式，但是必须用连字符连接。3.不可数名词与可数名词的转化：Fish

4、 意为“鱼”是，是可数名词;指鱼的种类时，其复数为 fishes;指餐桌上的“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词。Glass 意为“玻璃”时，为不可数名词，意为“玻璃杯”时，为可数名词，其复数形式 glasses 还可意为“眼镜”。Orange 意为“橘子”时，为可数名词；意为“橘子汁；橙色”时，为不可数名词。Room 意为“房间”时，为可数名词；意为“地方，空间”时，为不可数名词。三名词所有格：1.有生命的名词 1)不以-s 结尾的单数名词在词尾加s,如：my teachers book.2)以-s 结尾的复数名词，在词尾加.如：the twins room 3)复数不以-s 结尾的名词，加s.如：th

5、e childrens classroom 2.无生命的名词所有格一般用“of+名词”的结构。如：the gate of the school 3.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s,则表示“两者分别有”；只在第二个名词后有s，则表示“两者共有”。如：Johns and Marys bags John and Marys bedroom 4.在表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。如：the barbers（理发店）my uncles（我叔叔家）5.有些表示时间距离等无生命的名词和表示世界国家城镇等的名词，也可以在词尾加 s 或 如：five minutes walk(步

6、行五分钟的路程)todays newspaper(今天的报纸)ten minutes drive(十分钟车程)a months holiday(一个月的假期)6.用所有格表示节日的方法：Teachers Day,Childrens Day。需要注意的是除了父亲节 Fathers Day 和母亲节 Mothers Day,其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示。7.要特别记忆下列用 to 表示的所有格。the key to the door/the answer to the question/the bridge to knowledge/the way to school the exit t

7、o the building/the entrance to the building.四名词的修饰语:1.只修饰可数名词的:few/a few/several/many/a(large，great)number of 等。2.只修饰不可数名词的：little/a little/much/a great deal of/a bit of 3.既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的：a lot of/lots of/plenty of/enough/most/some 五常见易混名词辨析：1.job/work：job 是可数名词，表示“工作、零工、职业”等，work 是不可数名词，指一切非职业性的

8、工作，如作业、干活、学习等。2.voice/noise/sound：voice 指说话及唱歌的声音，多用于指人的嗓音。Noise 特指噪音和吵闹声。Sound 含义广泛，指一切可以听到的声音，也可用作系动词，意为“听起来”.3.clothes/cloth/clothing:cloth 指布料，是不可数名词，一般没有复数；clothes 包括各种衣服，是衣服的总称，没有单数形式；clothing意为“服装”，不能表示具体的衣服，只有单数形式。4.problem/question:两者都表示“问题”。Problem 总是与“困难”相联系，它是指社会问题、教学问题等，是有待解决的问题；questio

9、n总是与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系，是有待回答的问题。【实例解析】2 1.These _ have saved many childrens lives.（2004 年上海徐汇区中考试题）A.woman doctors B.women doctor C.women doctors D.woman doctor 答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。2.This is _ bedroom.The twin sisters like it very much.(2004 年河北省中考试题)A.Anne and Jane B.Annes and

10、Janes C.Annes and Jane D.Anne and Janes 答案：D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加s。3.-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes,there are some.(2004 年吉林省中考试题)A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep 答案：D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有 sheep 可用作复数名词。4.-What would you like to drink,_ or orange?-Orange,please.(200

11、4 年佛山市中考试题)A.hamburger B.chip C.tea 答案：C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有 tea 能喝。【同步练习】一.单项填空 1-Where have you been,Tim?-Ive been to _.A.the Henry house B.the Henry family C.The Henrys home D.Henrys 2In England,if _ is in the middle of the day,the evening meal is called supper.A.food B.lunch C.breakfast D.dinner

12、 3You looked for it twice,but you havent found it.Why not try _.A.three times B.a third time C.the third time D.once 4-They are thirsty.Will you please give them _?-Certainly.A.some bottles of waters B.some bottles of water C.some bottle of water D.some bottle of waters 5Mike hurt one of his _ in th

13、e accident yesterday.A.tooth B.feet C.hand D.ear 6There is some _ on the plate.A.cakes B.meat C.potato D.pears 7In England,the last name is the _.A.family name B.middle C.given name D.full name 8The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.Germans 9The_ has two _.A.boys;watches

14、B.boy;watch C.boy;watches D.boys;watch 10The little baby has two _ already.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths 11Whats your _ for being late again?A.idea B.key C.excuse D.news 12-Its dangerous here.Wed better go out quickly.-But I think we should let _ go out first.A.woman and children B.women and chi

15、ld C.woman and child D.women and children 13-You can see Mr.Smith if there is a sign“_”on the door of his shop.-Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING 14Are they going to have a picnic on _?A.Childrens Day B.Childrenss Day C.Childrens Day D.Children Day 15Where are the studen

16、ts?Are they in _?A.the Room 406 B.Room 406 C.the 406 Room D.406 Room 二.根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1.Weve got a lot of new _(杂志)in our school library.2.Please turn to another _（频道）,I dont like this show.3.Yesterday the _(航班)to London was put off because of the bad weather.4.Autumn is my favourite (季节)5.

17、-How many _(小刀)do you have?-Three.6._ are widely used in the modern world.7.June 1st is _(儿童)Day.8.Mary,would you please tell me your new _(地址)so that I can write to you.9.-Does this piece of _(音乐)sound nice?-Yes.Its wonderful!10.May 12th is the International _(护士)Day.Lets say“Thanks”to them for the

18、ir work.三根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1.“Whats your n_?”“Li Lei.”2.How many d_ does your uncle have?3.Please close the w_.Its cold outside.4.If you want study English well,you must pay attention to your p_.5.A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6.Zhang Hui is very excited.He will go to Japan with

19、his p_ during the Spring Festival.7.At the a_ of seven,the lonely girl had to work to make living.8.Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9.Health is more important to me than m_.10.Be careful!Its d_ to run across the street now.答案：一1-5 DBBBB 6-10 BADCC 11-15CDBAB 二1.magazines 2.Channel 3.flight 4.season 5.knives 6.Computers 7.Childrens 8.address 9.music 10.Nurses 三1.name 2.daughters 3.window 4.pronunciation 5.inventions 6.parents 7.age 8.hours 9.money 10.dangerous