高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼-书面表达41056.pdf

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1、 第 1 页 共 18 页 高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼 书面表达 看图作文 图表作文 文字材料作文 开放作文(延边 F)写作方法指导(延边 F)书面表达易错点分析 综观近几年的高考英语发展势态：书面表达旨在训练学生对所学语言知识的实践应用，特别是测试学生的语言交际能力和语言知识的活用能力的必考题型，也是高考中重要且难度较大的题型，所占分值为 25 分，要在 30 分钟内写出 80100 个词左右的短文。从高考评卷及平时测验题，学生在做书面表达题时，得分率较低，卷面普遍存在的缺点：1(延边 F)文不对题(文体格式不规范)；2(延边 F)离题太远(抓不到要点，该说的不说，不该说的说的太多)；3

2、(延边 F)词不达意(有的甚至用汉语标注或留空)；4(延边 F)病句太多(时态、语态、人称、数等语法)；5(延边 F)卷面不工整(字迹潦草、乱涂改、添插箭头满篇飞)。(延边 F)命题角度 1(延边 F)看图作文 1(延边 F)(典型例题精选下面四幅图片描述的是，星期一早晨李华在上学路上经历的一件事。请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人称用英语写一篇短文。注意：(1)短文必须包括所有图片的主要内容，短文的内容要连贯、完整；(2)短文单词数：100 左右(开头已给出的单词不计入单词总数)。(延边 F)本题是看图作文。根据图画应把握以下要点：(1)等车；(2)车内情况；(3)图画中的插入语；(4)大家推车

3、；(5)结尾的发挥。One possible version:It was snowing heavily on Monday morning.Li Hua was at the bus stop,waiting for Bus No.601 to go to school.Af-ter a while,a bus came and she got on it.There were many passengers in the bus.Some were talking and some were loo-king out of the windows.Suddenly the bus sto

4、pped.The driver turned around and said,.Sorry.The bus has broken down.Please get off and help push the bus.When they heard this,Li Hua and the other passengers got off the bus.They worked hard together,pushing the bus slowly forward.Soon the bus was running again.All the passengers were smiling and

5、the sun was shining.2(延边 F)(典型例题精选定你是李华，应英国朋友 Bob 的要求，写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。注意：(1)词数 100 左右；(2)可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯；(3)开头语已为你写好。Dear Bob,第 2 页 共 18 页 Thank you for your last letter asking about our library.Best wishes,Li Hua (延边 F)本题为看图作文，写作时应把握要点：图书馆的位置，开放时间，借阅规则，书籍区，报刊杂志，阅览区等。One possible

6、version:June 8 Dear Bob,Thank you for your last letter asking about our library.Our library is in the center of the school.There is a beautiful garden in front of it and our classroom building is right behind it.The library is big.When you get inside,you will see many shelves full of books on differ

7、ent subjects.There are also lots of newspapers and magazines.We borrowbooks and do some reading in the library.According to the rule,every student can borrow up to 5 books each time and keep them for 10 days.It is open from9 a.m.to7 p.m.from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends.We all like our li

8、brary very much.Best wishes.Li Hua(延边 F)规律总结 慧样写看图作文?看图作文是近年来各地中考英语书面表达中使用范围广泛、出现频率极高的一种测试形式。它要求学生根据图画呈现的内容与所给的汉语提示或英语提示相结合来表达其内在涵义，描述图画或图表的内容，使短文达意，正确_、连贯。1(延边 F)理解图意，确立情景。首先，应将所给的全部图画或图表连贯起来看，明确所给图画展示的是何种情景，诸如，商场购物、寻找失主、去某地参观旅游、介绍个人情况等，然后再根据汉语或英语的提示，以此确立文章的情景和内容，为下一步书面表达提供前提条件。2(延边 F)仔细审图，理解题意。在写作

9、之前，应仔细看图，对每幅图中出现的每个环节认真研读，把握图中所显示的内涵，然后要认真跳读与图相配的短文，理解其中的文章大意，弄清图画中的人物、时间、地点、事件、内容、过程、结果等。明确图中的这些图示语言之后，便可从图画中获取短文的主要内容，为顺利做好题打好基础。3(延边 F)明确时态，理顺思路。对照图画和提示的内容，确定短文大致需要何种时态，在此基础上，确定使用哪些词汇、句型、惯用法等等，这些都应围绕时态展开，以此来理顺写作时使用的语法和句法。这样，在头脑中才能形成脉络清晰、有条有序的写作思路，将图与图之间的内在联系，运用一定的语言逻辑连接起来，把形象生动的图像语言转化为文字语言。4(延边 F

10、)写出要点，连句成文。根据每幅图写出一至两句话。因为每年高考书面表达一般控制在 10 句话，120 个词左右。每句话写好后，用适当的连词连接起来，使之上下连贯，呼应，通顺，简洁。5(延边 F)写完之后，检查错漏。完稿后，检查一下有没有时态，语态，拼写错误并逐一加以改正。(延边 F)考场思维训练 第 3 页 共 18 页 1(延边 F)(典型例题精选美国中学生 Jeff 将要来你所在的红星中学学习中文，经协商安排住在你家。假设你是李华，请给 Jeff 写一封信，按照下图顺序介绍他来中国后的生活安排。注意：(1)信的开头已为你写好；(2)词数不少于 60。Dear Jeff，Im Li Hua f

11、rom Beijing Hongxing Middle Sc ho01Im very happy to learn that youre going to stay with my family while youre in Beijing Best wishes，Li Hua 1.One possible version:Dear Jeff,Im Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing Middle School.I m very happy to learn that you re going to stay with my family while you re in

12、Beijing.While you are here,we 11 provide you with a room of your own with a bed,a desk,a couple of chairs and a TV.You 11 also have your own bathroom.Our school is quite close to our home,so we could go to school together by bike.At noon we 11 eat at the school dining hall.I m sure you 11 like the d

13、elicious Chinese food there,and enjoy talking with friends over lunch.Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon.You can then join other students in playing ball games or swimming.It 11 be a lot of fun.If you have any questions or requests,please let me know.We ll try our best to mak

14、e your stay here in Beijing a pleasant ex-perience.Best wishes,Li Hua (延边 F)命题角度 2(延边 F)图表作文 1(延边 F)(典型例题精选人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法(1)广交朋友(2)可自由表达 思想，利于外语 学习(1)浪费时间(2)影响学习(3)可能上当 受骗？注意：(1)文章必须包括表中的全部内容；(2)词数为 100 左右；(3)参考词汇：网络朋友 online friend(s)；上 当受骗 t

15、o be cheated。(延边 F)本题是议论文的体裁。要确保要点完整，即赞成和反对的理由；要注意段落 第 4 页 共 18 页 之间的过渡。One possible version:Should students make friends on line.9 Some people say yes.The internet helps make many friends.Chatting on line,students can more freely express their feelings and opinions,and even get help with their fore

16、ign language studies.Others,however,think students should not.They say making friends on line is a waste of time,which should be spent more meaningfully on study.Besides,some students get cheated on line.It is my opinion that students should place their study,health and safety before other things.As

17、 for friendship,we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.2(延边 F)(典型例题精选你是李华，你的新西兰笔友 Nick 将于八月来四川旅游，特来信询问有关旅游景点情况。请根据下表所提供的要点，写一封回信，并表示盼望他的到来。旅游资源 许多世界著名的风景名胜，如九寨沟(海子：清澈见底；色彩斑斓)都 江堰水利工程(2,000 多年历史；仍在发挥作用)相关信息 气侯适宜，交通方便 注意：(1)词数 100 左右，信的格式及开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)；(2)可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以

18、使行文连贯；(3)参考词汇：省份一 province；海子一 lake；都江堰水利工程一 Dujiangyan Irrigation Project。Dear Nick,I m glad to hear that you re coming to Sichuan in August.Yours sincerely,Li Hua (延边 F)本题是说明文的体裁，要确保要点完整；另外，段落的过渡是得高分的关键。One possible version:Dear Nick,I m glad to hear that you re coming to Sichuan in Au-gust.Youve

19、made the wise choice to travel here.Sichuan Province is rich in tourist attractions and enjoys many world-famous places of interest,such as Jiuzhaigou and Du-jiangyan Irrigation Project.Jiuzhaigou is well known for its beautiful lakes,of which the water is clear and looks colorful.It can excite visi

20、-tors imagination.Another attractions Dujiangyan Irrigation Project.It was built over 2,000 years ago and is still playing an important part in irrigation today.Besides,the nice weather and convenient transportation here can make your trip more enjoyable.Im sure youll have a good time.I m looking fo

21、rward to your coming.Yours sincerely,Li Hua(延边 F)规律总结 怎样写图表作文?1(延边 F)仔细审题，看懂图表的意思，整理要点，决定语言形式；第 5 页 共 18 页 2(延边 F)开头直截了当，尽快入题，不要拐弯抹角，拖泥带水：3(延边 F)行文一般以 lO 个句子为宜。若用少于 8 句话来表达，句子容易表达不清；若用多于 lO 句话来描述，则句子零乱与琐碎，文章缺乏整体感；4(延边 F)用最有把握的词语句型将规定内容加以表达，并根据图表大意议论；5(延边 F)应按照合理顺序，适当使用一些过渡性的连接词，将句子连珠成串 i 6(延边 F)结尾要干

22、净利落，既不能拉杂，也不能草率，要显得自然，恰当得体。(延边 F)考场思维训练 1(延边 F)(典型例题精选目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下：考试偏多、偏难 主要原因 不用功、懒惰 取悦父母、老师 作弊不对，违反校规 个人看法 要诚实，努力学习 (其他看法)注意：(1)短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；(2)短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计人总词数；(3)词数：100 左右；(4)参考词汇：作弊 cheat(v)。My

23、Opinion on Cheating in Examinations It is known to us all that some students cheat in ex aminations at school.1.One possible version:My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.As students,we often take examinations at school,but so

24、me-times we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us.On the other hand,some of us are lazy and don t work hard at their lessons.So when taking examinations,they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.In my opinion,it is wrong to cheat in

25、examinations because it breaks the rules of schools,we students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examina-tions.What s more,we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.2(延边 F)(典型例题精选英文报的委托，你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查。请根据以下信息，

26、用英语为该报写一篇 100 词左右的短文。短文的标题及首句已为你写好。调查内容：在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中，学生最喜欢哪一种。调查范围：湖北省的 10 所中学 调查对象：高中生 调查人数：1200 调查方式：访谈 调查结果：(见下图)选择各类英文文章人数的百分比 第 6 页 共 18 页 Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students Recently a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school studen

27、ts 2.One possible version:Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students Recently a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students.In this survey,one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were in-terviewed.They were ask

28、ed which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles:news,stories,popular sci-ence articles and articles about learning methods.The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most.Twenty-six percent of the students say that Enghsh stories are their f

29、avorite.Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods.However,the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.(延边 F)命题角度 3(延边 F)文字材料作文 1(延边 F)(典型例题精选你堂兄建华在国外

30、学习，你们经常用英文通信。他即将完成学业，不久前来信就是否回国工作征求你的意见。请根据下列提示回信：(1)建议他回国；(2)你的理由是：学有所用，就业容易；照顾父母。注意：(1)词数 100 左右；(2)行文应连贯，内容应完整；(3)开头语与落款已为你写好。June 8th Dear Jianhua,I m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.Best wishes,Minghua (延边 F)本题虽给出了提纲，但很简洁。书写过程中应注意适当发挥。One Possible Version:June 8t

31、h Dear Jianhua,I m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.I ve been thinking about the question you asked me.In my opinion,you should come back after you finish your studies abroad.For one reason,what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China.It will be quite easy f

32、or you to find a good job.In fact,I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you.For another reason,I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old.There-fore,I think it s a good idea for you to return.So what are you wait

33、ing for?Best wishes,第 7 页 共 18 页 Ming hua 2(延边 F)(典型例题精选你是李华，作为选派的交流学生在美国某中学学习了一年，寄住在 MrBrown 家里，刚回到国内。回国后你发现自己的一本英语词典遗忘在他家，因此给他写一封信，请他帮助寄回词典。信的主要内容如下：感谢在美国期间他所提供的帮助。一本英语词典忘记带回。词典是美国老师送的，非常珍贵。词典很可能丢在卧室的书架上。邮资自己付。注意：(1)词数 100 左右；信的开头和结尾已为你写好；(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；(3)参考词汇：邮资一 postage。Dear MrBrown，Yours，Li

34、 Hua (延边 F)本题属于书信体应用文，写作时应注意覆盖所有要点。One possible version:Dear Mr.Brown,Im now safely back home.Thank you very much for all the kindness.I got from you during my stay.Hope every-thing is fine with you there.Now I wonder whether I could ask you a favour.When I came back,I suddenly realized that I had l

35、eft my English dictionary behind at your place.It is a precious gift from my American teacher.Would you please be so kind as to send it back to me?I ll pay for the postage.The dictionary must be on the bookshelf in my bedroom.It is the one with a red cover.Thanks and all the best.Yours,Li Hua(延边 F)规

36、律总结 怎样写“提供材料作文”?书信类书面表达等属于提示类作文，也称之为提供材料作文，这种题型在要求上与看图填词和看图作文有所不同。看图作文和看图填词都是通过对图片的观察来获取语言素材的。而提示作文则不同，它要求根据汉语意思和英语提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英语文段。这种提示已将所要叙述的事情列出，并且有的提示给出了英语词汇、句型，只是要求学生根据所给的提示，利用合理的想像，运用一定的语言逻辑，使用正确的语法和句法，将整篇的文字用英语表达出来，切记要点不能漏掉。1(延边 F)阅读提示，理顺思路。做书面表达题要认真仔细地阅读有关的提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，它包含哪些情景、内容和要求，要

37、明确题目有哪些要点，且要点必须齐备。要考虑用哪种体裁，是记叙文、说明文、还是应用文；属于应用文中的书信、日记、通知、启事，还是便条。用哪一个人称来表述(如日记应选择第一人称)，选择什么时态。这样，思路才能条理清晰。第 8 页 共 18 页 2(延边 F)紧扣要点，遣词造句。依据试题的内容，列出要表达的要点，找出能体现要点的词、短语和句型，如果是应用文体，还应特别注意各种应用文的格式的恰当性。造句时应做到尽量使用考纲中“四会”、“三会”要求的词汇，句子宜短不宜长，句型宜简不宜繁，也应适当插入一些类似宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句的复合句，以增强短文的逻辑性。尽可能学会套用现成的句式，拓宽遣词造句的

38、思路，多运用一句多译，力求做到选用自己熟练掌握的句式组织语言。3(延边 F)谋篇润色，核对检查。这是做此类书面表达题的第三步，基本完成短文后，应注意句与句之间、段与段之间的过渡，在需要的地方加上表示转折、因果、并列、比较、时间的过渡词或短语，如表示时间的有：next，then，later，at last；表示转折的有：but，yet，however；表示因果的有：so，since，because，使文章更加自然、流畅，必要时可分段，也会使文章增色不少。检查是书面表达不可缺少的重要环节。它可以及时纠正错误，避免不必要的失分，通读几遍文章，看行文是否通顺，要点是否齐全，词数是否符合要求，体裁是否恰

39、当，大小写、标点符号是否正确。(延边 F)考场思维训练 1(延边 F)(典型例题精选假设你是新华中学的学生李华，得知某英文报招聘兼职记者，你有意应聘，请按下列要点给报社写一封自荐信。表示感兴趣说明优势：知识面、英语水平、合作精神、相关经历希望得到回复 注意：(1)词数：100 左右(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 Dear Sir or Madam Yours faithfully，Li Hua I pre-tended to be looking for something in my bag.Suddenly I realized that it was my best friend W

40、ang Ping who wanted to give us the chance to make up.Then,with a smile I went up to Zhang Ling and said hello to him.Apparently Zhang Ling was happy.He took my hand and we star-ted to enjoy the party.How wonderful the party was!1.One possible version:Dear Sir or Madam,I m a student from Xinhua Middl

41、e School.I m glad to learn that you want a few part-time English reporters.I m quite inter-ested in it.I think I m fit for the job.As a student,I ve read a lot and have much knowledge in many fields.I m fond of English and do well in both speaking and writing.Besides,I m easy to get along with and e

42、njoy working together with others.Above all,I once worked as a reporter for my school broadcasting station.So I m sure I can do the job well if I get the position.I m looking forward to your reply.Yours faithfully,Li Hua(延边 F)探究开放题解答(延边 F)综合问题 1(延边 F)开放作文 1(延边 F)(典型例题精选请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于 50。In your

43、 English class,the teacher shows this picture of a little boy booking into a mirror,第 9 页 共 18 页 and asks the class to discuss it.Your classmates have different understandings.Look at the picture carefully and tell the class how you understand the picture.Write what you would say on the next page.(延

44、边 F)要做好开放性书面表达题，首先要读懂背景介绍。本题是老师要求学生就一个男孩站在镜子前的画面来说出自己的理解。答案是多样的，但结尾应给人以启示，或者是一些感悟，或者是事实结局。One possible version:We can see in the picture a litde boy standing in front of a mirror.He s letting his imagination fly.What he sees in the mirror is not his physical self but what he will be like in twenty y

45、ears.Although he is small and short now,he be-lieves he will grow up to be a tall and strong young man like Yao Ming,who he admires.I think this picture tries to tell us that we should always look into the future with hope and confidence.2.(延边F)(典型例题精选 You and your Australian friend Jim are visiting

46、 a city in China where you see the street sculptures asshown below.You and Jim are discussing what the artist istrying to say.Now you are telling Jim how you understand this piece of art and what makes you think so.提示词：雕塑 sculpture 笔记本电脑 laptop (延边 F)做好开放性书面表达题，首先要读懂背景介绍。本题要求就街头雕塑说明自己的理解。答案是多样的，但结尾应

47、给人以启示或一些感悟等。One possible version:I think the artist wants to show changes in the city.The man stands for the old generation in China:he is wearing old-fashioned clothes that date back to the beginning of the twentieth century;he is looking at the laptop in great curiosi-ty,unable to figure out what

48、it is.The girl,on the other hand,is totally different:she has long hair and wears a fash-ionable short skirt.While the man doesn t know anything about the laptop,she plays with it skillfully.The striking differences between the two show rapid changes in people s life in China.(延边 F)规律总结 怎样写开放式作文?随着高

49、考英语的改革，英语作文的命题更具有开放性。开放式作文不同于书面表达，书面表达往往给出较为详细的提示，考生只需把提示要点转译成英语，加上一些适当的连接词连接上下文就行了，所以书面表达常有参考范文。而开放式作文只给出主题或两三点提示，由考生去发挥、构思，考生的思路是不同的，写出来的文章当然不会是一样的，所以开放式作文没有参考范文。开放式作文的答题思路与汉语作文非常相像。首先要明确主题，然后根据主题搭建文章的主体结构，即写作提纲，接着进行文章血肉的填充。在拟写作提纲时，要突出主题，有层次，先写什么，后写什么，要层次分明。下面我们结合例题，对开放式作文答题思路作一说明，以飨考生。根据下面的提示，用英语

50、写一篇 120 词左右的短文。吉姆毕业后想去找工作，他的第一次就业面试失败了，但他学到了许多东西。(用记叙文体裁)思路分析：本篇作文的要求要写成记叙文。吉姆毕业后想找工作，在写作时，写什么工 第 10 页 共 18 页 作都行。他的第一次就业面试失败，应是记叙的主要部分。面试一定要回答有关问题，吉姆肯定要准备一些问题。由面试失败，问题主要出在回答问题上，可能是答菲所问，也可能是太紧张，回答得不得体，或没有回答上来。所学到的教训可以是人际交往方面的问题，如微笑、举手投足、态度、机智，也可以是心理素质方面的问题。例文：After graduation Jim wanted to be a teac