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1、-1-Section Grammar 直接引语变间接引语 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 后自主感悟 阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法 1.She said，“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do，but I want this diary itself to be my friend，and I shall call my friend Kitty.”2.They say that this boy and I have fallen in love.3.Anne said she
2、didnt dare open a window.4.The teacher asks us if a friend always has to be a person.引述别人的话一般采用两种方式：一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，这叫直接引语(Direct Speech)；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在 引 号 内，这 叫 间 接 引 语(Indirect Speech)。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。一、直接引语变间接引语时人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应地变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
3、“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，hers，it，its，they，their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。一随主：He said，“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.(I 改为 he，
4、it 不变)二随宾：He said，“You told me this story.”He said that I had told him that story.(You 改为 I，me 改为 him，told 改为 had told)第三人称不更新：He said to me，“Shes left her book in your room.”He told me that she had left her book in my room.(Shes 改为 she had，her 不变，your 改为 my)即时演练 1 句型转换 The workers said，“The leaders
5、 often make the workers work extra hours.”The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.-2-Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”Her colleague asked h
6、er who she had asked for a leave.二、直接引语变间接引语时时态的变化 1主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时，动词时态相应变化见下表：直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 一般将来进行时 过去将来进行时 一般将来完成时 过去将来完成时 He said，“I usually watch TV on Sunday.”He said that he
7、 usually watched TV on Sunday.He said，“Im using the knife.”He said that he was using the knife.He said，“I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.名师点津 直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言，与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said，“The earth is round.”The teacher said that the earth is round.He sai
8、d，“I was born in Shandong in 1965.”He said that he was born in Shandong in 1965.2 主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时。如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变。He says，“I finished the work.”He says that he finished the work.He will say，“I have watered the flowers.”He will say that he has watered the flowers.即时演练 2 句型转换 -3-H
9、is friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”The organizer said that they had begun their plan.My teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms.”My teacher told us yesterday t
10、hat early birds catch worms 三、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表 类型 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this/these that/those 时间状语 now then today that day tonight that night this week(month.)that week(month.)yesterday the day before last week(month.)the week(month.)before two weeks(months)ago two weeks(months)before tomorrow the ne
11、xt day next week(month.)the next week(month.)地点状语 here there 动词 come go bring take He said，“I met Mr Smith this morning.”He said that he had met Mr Smith that morning.He said，“We went to the cinema yesterday.”He said that they had gone to the cinema the day before.名师点津 当直接引语为陈述句，主句为过去时时，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”
12、是：去掉引号加 that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。She said，“My brother doesnt want to go there.”She said that her brother didnt want to come here.即时演练 3 句型转换 She asked，“Is this book his？”She asked whether that book was his.He said，“Its ten oclock now.”-4-He said that it was ten oclock then He said，“Ill come here
13、 tonight.”He said that he would go there that night.四、连接词的选择 1 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由 that 引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that 可以省略。He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”He said(that)he was cooking when the earthquake happened.名师点津 直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为“told sb.”。She said to me，“I cam
14、e back an hour ago.”She told me(that)she had come back an hour before.2 直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，间接引语中用 whether(.or.或.or not)或 if 引导。He said，“Are you interested in English？”He asked(me)if/whether I was interested in English.名师点津 如果主句中谓语动词是 said，则将其改为 asked。3 直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和
15、间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“Whats your name？”he asked me.He asked me what my name was.名师点津 疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。即时演练 4 句型转换 Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.“When will the sports meet be held？”he sa
16、id.He asked when the sports meet would be held.The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.-5-.将下列直接引语变为间接引语 1 He said，“Ive left my book in my room.”He said that he had left h
17、is book in his room 2 She said to Tom，“Can you help me？”She asked Tom whether he could help her 3 She said，“He will be busy.”She said that he would be busy 4 The teacher asked，“How did you repair it？”The teacher asked me how I repaired it 5 The teacher said，“Practice makes perfect.”The teacher said
18、that practice makes perfect 6 He said，“We are still students.”He said that they were still students 7 The young man said to me，“I was born in 1990.”The young man told me that he was born in 1990.8 He said，“The film had begun when I got to the cinema.”He said that the film had begun when he got to th
19、e cinema 9 I asked the teacher，“When shall we have our sports meeting？”I asked the teacher when we should have our sports meeting.10She said，“Ill do it tonight.”She said that she would do it that night .单句改错(每个句子仅有 1 处错误)1 John said that he is going to London with his father.iswas 2 They said that t
20、hey would have a match next week.next 前加 the 3 He told me that he has taught English for ten years.hashad 4 The teacher told me that I must pay more attention to his pronunciation.hismy 5 She said that she would go there this evening.thisthat -6-6 He said that he was washing his clothes now.nowthen 7 She told me that she was studying Chinese these days.thesethose 8 He said that he had bought the house 10 years ago.agobefore 9 The teacher told us that the sun was bigger than the moon.wasis 10He asked me who I am.amwas
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