人教模块六Unit1Art语言点学案.pdf

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1、 第 1 页 Unit 1 Art 一单词考点 Section A Warming Up,Reading&Comprehending 1.abstract adj“抽象的,纯理论的”vt“抽取,提取,分离”n“摘要”的用法(abstracted adj.“出神的;心神专注的”abstraction n“抽象概念;提取;抽取”)eg:I cant understand such an abstract concept.搭配:abstract sth.from.从中提取或分离出某物 2.faithnU的用法 信任;信念 搭配:have/lose faith in sb./sth.对有(没有)信心;

2、信任(不信任)put/have faith in 相信;信任;对有信心 shake ones faith 动摇某人的信心 诺言;誓约 搭配:keep/break faith with sb.遵守/违背与某人的诺言 信仰;信条 区别:faith,belief,trust faith 指认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信。通常指充满感情的信任。belief 指主观上的相信,不着重是否有根据。trust 指信赖,含有坚定的信念之意。强调相信、信任的完全可靠。3.aimvn&的用法 nC目标,目的U瞄准 搭配:the aim of sth./in doing sth.(做)某事的目的 take aim a

3、t sth.瞄准某物 with the aim of有的目的 achieve ones aim 达到目的 without aim 漫无目的地 eg:Slowly he raised his gun and began to aim at the bird.The aim of studying hard is to enter the key university.v瞄准,对准;力求达到 搭配:aim at sb./sth.aim sth.at sb./sth.aim to do sth.be aimed to do sth.(=be aimed at doing sth.)eg:He aim

4、ed(his gun)at a sparrow,fired and missed it.Theyre aiming to reduce the pollution by 10%。The rules are aimed at the prevention of accidents at work.第 1 页 区别:aim,goal,purpose,target aim 侧重具体而明确的目标,但常指短期目标。goal 指经过考虑或选择,需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标。purpose 普通用词,既指以坚决、审慎的行动去达到的目的,又指心中渴望要实现的目标。target 指射击的靶,军事攻击

5、目标。引申指被攻击、批评或嘲笑的对象。4.typicaladj的用法 典型的,有代表性的 搭配:be typical of是典型的 eg:This meal is typical of local cookery.This ia a typical example.独特的,特有的 搭配 be typical of sb./sth.是某人/某物的特点 It is typical of sb.to do sth.做某事是某人的特点。eg:The answer is typical of him.It is typical of her to leave keys everywhere.5.symb

6、ol n“象征;记号,符号”eg:The chemical symbol for copper is“cu”.区别:symbol,sign,signal,mark symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。sign 普通用词,指人们公认的事物的记号,也可指某种情况的征兆。signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。mark 普通用词,含义广泛。既可指方便辨认而有意做的标记或有别与其他事物的特征。6.evidentadj“清楚的;明白的;显而易见的;显然的”的用法 句式:It is evident(to sb)that(对某人来说)是显而易见的 eg:It is evident that

7、 he is wrong.7.adopt 采用(方法),采取(某态度),采纳(建议等);收养,领养 eg:our school has adopted a new teaching method.They adopted an orphan from the earthquake-striken area.8.possessv possessionnC拥有的东西,所有物,财产(通常用复数)搭配:be possessed of 拥有;具有(某种品质或特征)be possessed by/with 被(鬼怪、思想等)缠(迷)住 possess oneself of sth.取得,获得;把据为己有

8、拥有(东西、资产),具有(性情、特性)(不能用于进行时)eg:Her family possess three houses.支配,控制;攫住(常用于被动语态)eg:A terrible fear possessed her.=She was possessed by a terrible fear.另外:possessionn的用法 C拥有的东西,所有物,财产(通常用复数)eg:He lost his possessions in the fire.U拥有,持有,占有(尤指贵重物品信息)搭配:have possession of 拥有(买来的或别人那儿拿来的)第 1 页 take posse

9、ssion of 拥有,占有,拿到 in possession of 拥有,占有(指人占有,表主动)(互为反义词)in the possession of 为所占有(指物被人占有,表被动)come into possession of 占有,获得 eg:How did the painting come into your possession?区别:possess,have,own possess 正式用词,指拥有某物,还可指拥有财物以外的东西,如权力、能力、特征、品质等。强调拥有支配权、所有权。have 表示“拥有”时。指任何情况下的具有,包括物质的或精神的。无原因或理由可言,也不表明拥有

10、者和被拥有者之间的关系。own 指所属关系,强调所有权,不管所属物是否在物主手里。9.techniquen的用法 C技巧,技法,手法 eg:She is skilled in the techniques of describing nature.U技术,技能 eg:Her technique has improved a lot in the past season.区别:technique,technology technique 常指具体的“技术,技艺”technology 指技术、工艺在学术理论上的总称。10.convincevt的用法 使确信/信服 搭配:of convince sb

11、.使某人确信 that be convinced of 确信,相信;认识到,认为;确信不疑,深信 eg:I succeeded in convincing him that the story was true.说服 搭配:convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 eg:I am trying to convince him to change his mind.11.coincidencen的用法 C,U(令人吃惊的)巧合;巧事 搭配:by coincidence 巧合地 It is a coincidence that 从句 是巧合的 eg:By coincidence,

12、we arrived the final line at the same time.U(意见等的)相同,相符,一致 eg:The two partners tried to find a coincidence of interests between them.12.a great deal(=a good deal;a lot)n“很多,许多”eg:I learned a great deal from my teacher.第 1 页 adv“非常,很”eg:I see him a great deal.He walked a great deal faster than I.注:许多

13、的表达法 many/a great(dood)many/a good(large)number of(+可数 ns),谓语动词形式用复数。many a(n)+(可数 n 单数),谓语动词形式用单数。a great/good deal ofadj(+不可数 n),谓语动词形式用单数。a large amount of(+不可数 n)谓语动词形式与 amount 本身有关。large amounts of(+不可数 n)谓语动词形式与 amount 本身有关。a lot of=lots of=plenty of(+ns 或不可数 n),谓语动词形式由 n(s)决定。a quantity of(+n

14、s 或不可数 n),谓语动词形式与 quantity 本身有关。quantities of(+ns 或不可数 n),谓语动词形式与 quantity 本身有关。13.全倒装 14.动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语多表示将来的动作,它与被修饰词构成主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。当所修饰的词为 time,place,way,ability,chance 等名词时,其后常用不定式作定语。当所修饰名词被 first,second,next,last,only 等作定语时,其后常用不定式作定语。eg:The last(one)to come was Tom.She has the ability to d

15、o the job well.15.shadown的用法 C,U阴影,昏暗处,阴暗处 eg:This room was half in shadow.C影子 eg:Look,how long our shadows are!短语:in the shadow(s)在阴暗处 in/under the shadow of在的盛名之下;被(某人光彩)所掩盖 区别:shadow,shade shadow 指物体挡住光线而形成的“影子”,有明显的轮廓,指一个平面。shade 指阳光照不到的“阴凉之处”,指一个立体空间。15.表语从句的用法 that 引导的表语从句 that 引导表语从句时,that 不充

16、当成分、无意义、只起引导作用,一般不省略。eg:My advice is that we should set off earlier.whether 引导的表语从句 eg:The question is whether we should accept his invitation.特殊疑问词引导的表语从句 eg:Thats why we put off the meeting.注:the reason 后跟表语从句时,一般只用 that 而不用 because/why 引导。16.attemptnvt&的用法(attempted adj.“(指犯罪)未遂的”)vt试图,企图,尝试 搭配:a

17、ttempt to do sth.试图做某事 第 1 页 eg:He attempted to jump over.n试图,企图,尝试(尤指较难的事)搭配:make an attempt to do sth.(=at doing sth.)试图做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 eg:He made an attempt to jump over.区别:attempt,try attempt 常含有希望成功但并不一定取得预期结果之意。try 常含有通过各种方法,尽力把事情做好或达到目的之意,但不强调结果。17.on the other hand 另一方面 搭配:on(

18、the)one handon the other hand“一方面另一方面”常引出不同的,尤其是对立的思想观点等。eg:On the one hand theyd love to have kids,but on the other hand,they dont want to give up their freedom.区别:on the other hand,on the contrary on the other hand“另一方面”用于说明问题的另一面。on the contrary“正相反”用于提出相反的意见。18.predictvt预言,预告,预报(prediction n.C“预

19、言,预告,预报”)句式:Its predicted that据预报 eg:Its predicted that there will be a heavy snow.区别:predict,foretell,forecast predict 表示根据许多已知事实或自然规律断定将要发生的事情,所以正确性较大。foretell 指凭借自己的经验事先感知将会发生某事,但不表明预言是否正确,也可用于事物,意为“预示”。forecast 表示根据现有的信息、情况预测有可能发生的事,与 predict 含义相近,但准确性不如 predict,多用于天气预报。Section B Learning about

20、Language 1.specificadj的用法 明确的,具体的 eg:He didnt give a specific answer.特定的(作前置定语)eg:We serve the specific group.特有的,独特的 搭配:be specific to sb./sth.对某人/某物来说是特有的 eg:The belief is specific to this part of Africa.2.figurevn&的用法 nC(重要的)人物;身材,体型;(隐约可见的)人影;数字(量)eg:Now in her fifties,she still has a perfect fi

21、gure.v计算(数量或成本);认为,以为 eg:We figured the attendance at 4000,It was worth the trouble,I figured.第 1 页 3.allergicadj过敏的;对某人/某物十分反感、厌恶(allergy n.“过敏反应”)短语:be allergic to介sth.(=have an allergy to介 sth.)对过敏 be allergic to介sb,/sth.对某人/某物十分反感 eg:He is allergic to housework.4.exhibitionn的用法 C展览品;展览会;展览 搭配:ho

22、ld an exhibition 举办展览会 (be)on exhibition 在展览 单(某特质或感情)表现;显示 eg:This is a good opportunity for the exhibition of his ability.5.aggressiveadj有进取心的,有冲劲的;执着的好斗的,挑衅的;侵略的;咄咄逼人的 6.in the flesh 本人;亲自;活生生的(人)eg:He looked much shorter in the flesh than on TV.区别:flesh,meat 指果肉时,二者可以互换。flesh 指人或动物身体的肌肉组织,the fl

23、esh 指“肉体”。meat 指食用的动物肉,但不包括鱼肉和家禽肉,是肉类的总称。7.a bunch of一串/束/扎 eg:Here is a bunch of keys.Whose is it?There are two bunches of grapes on the table.Section C Using Language 1.preferencen的用法 C,U喜爱;偏爱;爱好 搭配:have a preference for sth.偏爱某物;特别喜爱某物 give a preference to sb./sth.给某人/某物以优惠/优待 习惯用语:in preference

24、to介sb./sth.而不取某人/某物 eg:I have a preference for tea.C偏爱的事物;最喜爱的东西 eg:I dont know your preferences,so please help yourself.注:在 preference 后的同位语从句中或表语从句中,从句应用特殊虚拟语气 should+do。eg:This is my preference that I should read in the school library.2.appeal to介的用法 对有吸引力;对有感染力;引起兴趣 eg:Does this piece of music a

25、ppeal to you?第 1 页 上诉,申诉 eg:He appealed to a higher court.呼吁,恳求 eg:I appealed to him to go with me.启发;劝说;打动 eg:By appealing to his better nature,he decided to change his mind.3.reputationnU,C名誉,名声;声誉(常用单数形式)eg:As a doctor,he has a good reputation.区别:reputation,fame reputation 既可指好名声,也可指坏名声。强调人们心目中的印

26、象。fame 指好名声,强调较高的知名度。4.contemporary 的用法 adj当代的,现代的;同时代的,同一时期的 短语:be contemporary with 与同时代的 eg:He is interested in the contemporary Chinese history.n同时代的人,同辈人,同龄人 eg:Tom and I were contemporaries at the middle school.5.permanentadj长久的,永久的,永恒的 eg:We all long for permanent peace.二课文考点 Section A Warmin

27、g Up,Reading&Comprehending 1.realisticadj的用法 现实的,实际的,实事求是的;现实主义(者)的 搭配:be realistic about sth.对某事实事求是 eg:We must be realistic about what we are facing.逼真的,栩栩如生的 eg:Its a realistic TV play.2.adopt vt.“采用;采纳;收养”的用法 eg:Many new couples are eager to adopt the children losing their parents in the earthqu

28、ake.注:adapt 是“适应,改编”的意思 3.consequentlyadj(=therefore=as a result)因而;所以(consequence n“结果;后果”)短语:in consequence of=because of 由于;作为的结果 as a consequence of=as a result of 作为的结果 eg:It rained that day,and consequently the football game was called off.4.conventionaladj常规的;传统的;因循守旧的 短语:be conventional in在方

29、面因循守旧的/墨守成规的 第 1 页 eg:He is conventional in his views.5.as“如同;按照的方式/样子”结构为:“as+主+谓”,常位于主句之后。eg:You must try to hold the tool as I do.6.value n“价值;价值观”vt.“给定价;重视,珍视”(valuable adj.“贵重的,有价值的”(pl.)n“(尤指私人的)贵重物品”valueless adj.“无价值的”)搭配:value sth.(at sth.)给估价 be of great value(=be valuable)很有价值 eg:This di

30、ctionary is of little value to you.This watch was valued at$100.7.object 的用法 nC物体,实物;目的,目标,宗旨(注:表示想要达到的目标时,不用 object,而用 objective。)eg:There are several objects on the floor.v反对,不赞成 搭配:object to(doing)sth.反对(做)某事 eg:I objected to changing the plan.8.break 短语 break away(from)sb./sth.脱离(政党等);逃脱 break d

31、own 破坏;(机器)损坏;失败 break in 闯入;强行进入;打断;插嘴 break into 闯入;突然起来 break out 突然爆发 break through 突破 break even 不赚不赔;收支平衡 9.scores of 的用法 数量词的用法:量词包括 hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen,score 等。与具体数字连用,一般用单数形式。量词的复数形式可与 of 一起构成固定形容词短语。此时,of 无意义。不定数量形容词 some,many,several,a few 等可修饰以上两种情况。量词后不接名词时,既可用零复数形式,也

32、可用复数形式。注:可以用“具体数字+量词+of+限定词+ns”结构,此时,of 意为“当中的”。eg:There are about eight hundred students in our school.Hundreds of teachers came to visit the school.10.specific adj.“明确的;特定的”eg:I want a specific answer.区别:special,particular,peculiar,specific special“特别的(不普通)”,着重指事物的专门性,突出与一般的不同。particular“不寻常的,特指的”

33、,指一类人或事物中特定的、特殊的、独一无二的一个。短语:be particular about对挑剔的 peculiar“奇特的”,指稀奇古怪,与正常的情况、表现相比使人感到奇怪罕见。specific“明确的,具体的”,着重指某种、某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性,也可指专门提出作特别考虑的事物。11.would rather“宁愿”的用法 (not)do sth.宁愿(不)做某事 第 1 页 would rather (that)从句(一般虚拟语气)宁愿 搭配:would rather dothan do(=would dorather than do)宁愿做而不愿做 12.lie in“(思想、问题、特征等)在于,存在于”eg:The value of diamond lies in its hardness.The answer lies in finding alternative energy.三语法知识 虚拟语气

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