考研英语高分作文必读.docx

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1、高分作文必读1标点符号及书面格式一、题目的写法题目的书写位置。一定要在试卷作文纸上的上方中间位置书写。同时还应在话题和正文之间留出一定的距离，即比正文行距稍宽一些。其次，要注意题目的大小写，第一个单词的第一个字母和最后一个单词的第一个字母一定要大写。中间的单词除冠词、连词(但如连词的字母多于5个时，则大写)和介词外，其他的词都应该大写第一个字母。比如：例1误：Attitudes toward Money正: Attitudes Toward Money二、文章的格式1 .四边留空：卷面的四边一定要留出适当的空白。这样的文章才能整齐、美观,给人以清晰、明快的感觉。2 .空格：文章的每段的首行一定

2、要有统一的空格。三、大小写方面的错误大写规则有以下几条：1 .大写每句话的第一个字母和直接引语的第一字母，如：He said “He is going to Shanghai next week.2 .大写专有名词，或用作专有名词的部分普通名词，通常是缩略形式。如:Dr G. G . East3 .大写缩写字母。如：MPA ,MBA ,BBC4 .文章标题要大写。5 .头衔在专有名词前要大写，在专有名词后就小写。例如：Captain Smith-Smith, the captainUncle George-George ,my uncle四、标点符号错误及分析考生在写文章时，一定要注意正确使用

3、标点符号，切忌从头到尾只用逗号的现象。一定要熟练掌握常用标点符号的基本用法，尤其要正确使用逗号和分号。逗号(Comma ),逗号是最常用也是最常用错的标点符号，其中一个最常见的用法是分开从句(clauses )及短语(phrases)。逗号的常见作用有：(1)将逗号放于连接词之前(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so ),连接两个独立的从句(independent clauses )。(2)以逗号来分开句子内的词、短语或从句。(3)以逗号来分隔并列的形容词。(4)以逗号来分隔非限制性定语从句。(注意：不要在限制性定语从句中加上逗号。错误句子：Stores, which

4、 honor credit cards, have noticed an increase in sales.正确句子： Stores which honor credit cards have noticed an increase in sales.句中 which honor credit cards 是不能缺少的部分，如果删去，即指“所有商店都注意到营业额有上升”，而不是原意所指“可以使用信用卡的商店，所以我们不能用逗号分隔。)(5)以逗号来分隔同位语。例如：When I graduate in June, I will begin work at ABC Company, a loc

5、al trading firm.(6)用逗号来分隔句子中的插入成分。(7)用逗号来分隔引述句。(8)在日期、名称、地址及数字上使用逗号。1 .日期中只包含月日、年月、或年份季节，则不须加逗号。年份是不用逗号的,如1997(但是我们会用25,000 B.C.).2 .度量上，我们用逗号来分隔文字，如：five feet, three inches.3.页数上则用page 10, line 5例句：句子中的停顿Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.在疑问句中引出说话人：I can come today, she said

6、,but not tomorrow.排列三个或以上的名词：Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.引出定语从句Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.句号(Period ).在常用标点符号中，句号仅次于逗号，而且也是较易使用的符号。大家一定记住:英语的句号不同于汉语的句号，是一个实心点。句号一般有三种用法：(1)结束句子：Turn it on, please.(2)结束略语：Mrs. e.g. etc. N.Y.(3)分开小数：0.98$2.38例句：

7、用以表示一个句子的结束Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.The federal government is based in Ottawa.用在缩写中B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.分号(Semicolon );分号最常用于两个从句之

8、间，其分隔度比逗号大，但比句号小，通常用作表示句子中两个从句意思相连。(1)以分号代替句号来分隔两个相关的独立从句。例如：Spring is here; the birds are chirping with joy.(2)当其中一个独立从句中包卷逗号时，以分号来分隔两个从句。例如：If you give children too much freedom, they will never learn to control themselves; on the other hand, if you give them too little, they will never become sel

9、f-reliant.(3)当要使用连接副词或其他连接语来连结从句时，以分号作分隔。(4)将两个相关的句子连接起来。The festival is very popular ; people from all over the world visit each year.(5)和逗号一同使用引出一系列名词。The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.单弓I 号(Apostrophe)*(1)表示所有This is Davids computer.Thes

10、e are the playefs things,(things that belong to the player)注意：对于复数形式的名词，只加，These are the players1 things,(things that belong to the players)(2)表示缩写I dont know how to fix it.引号(Quotation Marks)H(1)直接引出某人说的话：The prime minister said, nWe will win the election.01 can come today,n she said, Mbut not tomo

11、rrow.冒号(Colon):(1)引出一系列名词There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defense, and forward.(2)引出一个较长的引语The prime minister said: nWe will fight. We will not give up. We will win the next election.1破折号(Dash)一(1)在一个句子前作总结。Mild, wet, and cloudythese are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.(2)在一个

12、句子的前面或后面加入额外的注释。The childrenPierre, Laura, and Ashleywent to the store. Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.(3)表示某人在说话过程中被打断.The woman said, MI want to ask” when the earthquake began to shake the room.连字符(Hyphen)-(1)连接两个单词sweet-smelling / fire-resistant(2)连接前缀与单词anti-Canadian /

13、 non-contact(3)在数字中使用one-quarter / twenty-three正误语句辨析句子是表达思想的最基本的单位。因此，句子是否能写得正确、达意和清楚，将直接影响整篇文章的写作质量。考生写作成绩长期得不到明显提高的主要原因是欠缺写好单句的能力。为改变这种状况，我们将从剖析考生作文中的典型病句入手，对写作测试中的基本句子结构和写法进行评议和分析，来帮助考生进一步提高句子写作能力。病句(1) A house is a fortune.正确表达： A house is a piece of property.解析点评本句为措辞上的错误。fortune”如做“财产”解释意思是大笔

14、财产，与 a house不相符。病句(2) A series of debates between the two lecturers were scheduled for the next weekend.正确表达： A series of debates between the two lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend.解析点评主谓不一致的错误在写作中十分常见，尤其是当主语离谓语较远的时候。本句中的主语是series而不是debates或lectures,因此谓语应为单数形式，也就是要把were改为was。病句 A wrong dec

15、ision will bring even worse fact.正确表达： A wrong decision will bring even worse result.解析点评表示“结果”一般用result,而fact仅仅表示“事实”。Bring result可以视其为一种固定搭配，译为“造成结果:病句(4) After looking my letter, I believe you will understand me.正确表达：After reading my letter, I believe that you will understand me.解析点评中国人说看信，而英语要说r

16、ead a letter,这里也是受到汉语的影响而出现的措辞上的错误。病句 Although we cannot live without money, but there are some more meaningful things than money as the purposes in getting an education.正确表达： Although we cannot live without money, there are some more meaningful things than money as the purposes in getting an educat

17、ion.解析点评本句为语法结知4$误，although与but不能连用。病句 Australia people like to eat something sweet.正确表达： Australian people like to eat sweet food.解析点评本句为措辞上的错误。原句要表达的是澳大利亚人喜欢吃甜食。t。eat something sweet的意思是吃某种甜的东西。病句 Because she does not have any friend in Paris, so she feels very lonely.正确表达： Because she does not ha

18、ve any friend in Paris, she feels very lonely./She does not have any friend in Paris, so she feels very lonely./She feels very lonely because she does not have any friend in Paris.解析点评由于受汉语影响，许多同学在作文中使用：Becauseso和Although. but两个错误结构。改正的方法就选择because和so中的任意一个，或although 和but中的任意一个。病句 By making friends

19、who are different from ourselves, we can make up for deficiency.正确表达： By making friends who are different from ourselves, we can make up for our shortcomings.解析点评本句的错误在措词不当。deficiency的意思主要是“条件的不足”，比如“营养不足是“nutrient deficiency。而shortcomings主要是（人的）缺点”的意思。病句 Children should be taught disciplines in ord

20、er to avoid unnecessary lost.正确表达： Children should be taught disciplines in order to avoid unnecessary loss.解析点评loss是lose的名词形式，而lost是lose的过去分词形式。这里需要的是名词做宾语。病句（10） Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.正确表达： Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.解析点评对两个事物进行比较的句式为Compared with

21、A, B.,只能用compare的过去分词，不能用现在分词，因为B是分词的逻辑主语，只能被比较，是一种被动形式。病句（11） Computer technology helps us do many things, but it also prevents us to do many others.正确表达：Computer technology helps us do many things, but it also prevents us from doing many others.解析点评词语搭配错误。英语中的动词后接宾语或宾补时，常有固定的搭配， prevent sb. from d

22、oing sth.病句（12） Could you postpone the time of returning the books?正确表达：Could you postpone the deadline of the book?解析点评推迟最后期限英语为postpone the deadline.而不是time.这里的问题在于对英语短语的用法不熟悉。病句（13） Dissatisfaction makes people produce desire for better things.正确表达：Dissatisfaction impels people for the better.解析点

23、评英语中，定冠词+（某些）形容词表示一类人或事，言简意赅，此处的 the better要比better things地道。desire一词既有褒义又有贬义，解释为愿望或欲望，produce a desire to do sth.是“引起的欲望”,feel / have a desire to do sth.是“想做”;conceive a desire to sth.是“抱有的愿望”;have a desire for sth,是“希望有”。由此可见，更多的desire搭配是跟动词不定式作定语。病句（14） Doctors have tried their best to survive my

24、 grandfather.正确表达：Doctors have tried their best to rescue my grandfather.解析点评本句的问题在于措辞不当，survive的意思是“幸存”，一般接的宾语是灾难等词。而rescue的意思是“拯救，挽救”，一般后面接的宾语是人.病句（15） Eating outside has the most advantage that we can go at any time when we finish eating without doing any washing.正确表达： The best part of eating out

25、 is that we can leave everything behind after meal.解析点评这句也是受了汉语行文习惯的影响，“在外面吃饭的好处是”或“在外面吃饭有的好处”直译成英文的结果就如病句，“吃完就走，不用洗任何东西”。“leavebehind”惯用语。病句（16） Each form of having friends has its advantages正确表达：Each way of choosing friends has its advantages.解析点评原句想要表达的意思是“交朋友的各种方式都有其优点”，因为“交朋友”是个过程，不用“having”，可用

26、“choosing”或making。way是方式的意思，而form侧重于“形式”的意思。病句（17） Encourage children to be independent thinkers has at least three advantages.正确表达： Encouraging children to be independent thinkers has at least three advantages.解析点评本句犯了个语法错误。动词只能做谓语，不可以做主语。这里需要的修改为动名词短语做主语。病句（18） Everyone will have many friends in h

27、is life.正确表达：Everyone has friends in his life.解析点评这句想要表达的意思是“每个人的一生中都将有很多朋友”，“很多”不一定要用many,“将”不一定要用“will”，英文和汉语一样，不必要用的词就不肯尼迪总统的弟弟，罗伯特肯尼迪曾经说过14Some see the world as it is, and ask why; I dream and ask why not”这是体现英文精练的最好例子之一。病句（19） Firstly, dissatisfaction encourages the discovery of new products.正确

28、表达： Firstly, dissatisfaction encourages the invention of new products.解析点评discovery为发现”已存在的、但尚未为人知晓的事物；而invention 为“发明”尚未存在的东西.本句的错误为用词不当.病句（20） For example, you work in big factory.正确表达：Suppose you work in a big factory.解析点评example为“比方，例如，所提及的人或事是真实存在的，用以佐证已届由的观点，相当于suchas。若所提及的人或事只是一种假设或猜测，应选用supp

29、ose 一词，相当于if.汉语“比如”一词有两个词义：“例如、象”和“假如“。比如我求他写一副对联，他不会拒绝吧。（假如）本句中词的误用可能是对汉语的一知半解引起的。病句(21) Having friends who are different from us have these advantages.正确表达： There are following advantages to have friends who are different from us.解析点评原句不符合英语的习惯用法，一般表示做某事有什么益处应用句型： there areto do病句(22) He has only

30、thirty days remain.正确表达：He has only thirty days left.解析点评这里的错误是用词不当。要表达的意思为：他只有三天了。英语用 leftdeave的过去分词)修饰day,而不是用remaino病句(23) He is my most favorite person in my life.正确表达：He is the closest person in my life.解析点评这是措辞方面的错误，favorite往往用来修饰物，而在这里表示的是亲密的意思，在英语中应用closest.病句(24) He is sick now and is in th

31、e hospital.正确表达： He is sick now and is in hospital.解析点评这里的问题是词组的用法。in the hospital表示地点，而in hospital表示住院。同类型的词组还有：at the school(在学校)，at school(上学)等等。病句(25) He will get a higher salary to improve his living level.正确表达： He will get a higher salary, thus improving his life.解析点评生活水平应为living standard而非liv

32、ing level动词不定式作状语时表示目的，而本句中生活水平得以改善应是加薪后的结果，故改作现在分词。病句(26) Hope you can accept my requirement.正确表达：I hope you can accept my request.解析点评英语&动词原形开始的句子为祁使句，所省略的主语是you.而本句的主语是我，不属于祁使句。病句(27) I agree the latter idea.正确表达：I agree with the latter idea.解析点评这句的问题是没有掌握agree的用法，agree表示“同意”是不及物动词，同意某种观点应该用“agre

33、e with”。病句(28) I am not good at mathematics, but English.正确表达：I am good not at mathematics but at English./ My strength is not mathematics but English.解析点评这句的问题是notbut这对连词的用法，它们两个词的用法应当是一样的，而且在句子中应该是对称的。病句出错的地方是but后面接的是English 名词，连词的后面应该接句子，这里实际是接了个省略的句子。病句(29)1 am sure you will love here.正确表达：I am

34、sure that you will love it here.解析点评3面语be sure ihal句型不省略。Love在这里作1；及物动词后面应接代词it,而不是直接跟副词here。病句(30) I borrowed some books from the school library on last Monday.正确表达：I borrowed some books from the school library last Monday.解析点评last Monday前面不需要加介词。同样的用法还有：these days, this weekend 等等。病句(31) I did not

35、 know what was happened in the classroom.正确表达：I did not know what had happened in the classroom.解析点评此处的错误是时态错误，表示发生在“I did not know”之前的事，是过去的过去，要用过去完成时态。病句(32) I enjoy reading forecasts of the future, but you wonder which will turn out to be correct.正确表达：I enjoy reading forecasts of the future, but

36、I wonder which will turn out to be correct.解析点评人称不一致。在一句或一段话中，如果人称不一致会让读者感觉不知所云。在这个句子中，我们只需要将you改为I就可以了。病句(33) I felt alone.正确表达：I felt lonely.解析点评这里需要指出的是“alone”主要表示“独自的，一个人的”而“lonely”主要表示“孤独的，寂寞的。Feel后面跟lonely,而be动词后面跟alone是两种不同的概念，试分析下面的句子：I am alone in the desert, but I dont feel lonely , becaus

37、e I have so much scientific work to do.在沙漠中我独自一人，但是我并不感到寂寞，因为我有许多科研工作要做。病句(34) I have a friend, she is very different from me, but we can still become good friend, because I always try my best to suit her.正确表达：I have a friend who is very different from me, but we still get along well, for I always t

38、ry my best to go her way.解析点评改的句子由原;：单句变为复合句并使用了惯用词组，使原句符合英语的习惯用法。病句(35) Ive got known that my uncle was sick.正确表达：I learned that my uncle was sick.解析点评get to know是固定搭配,to不可以省略。这个词组在这里也不适用，learn 在这里表示“获悉”，符合上下文的意思。病句(36) I have to say sorry to you.正确表达：I have to apologize to you.解析点评原句完全受到汉语习惯的影响，而英

39、语道歉应用apologize.病句(37) I hope you can forgive me for this kind of thing.正确表达：I hope you can forgive me for the delay.解析点评原句表达模糊，修改后表达具体，这样不容易引起歧义。病句(38) I know that returning the books late will be fined.正确表达：I know that I will be fined for returning the books late.解析点评从句的逻辑主语必须和主句的保持一致。病句(39) I neve

40、r closed my eyes.正确表达：I did not get a wink of sleep.解析点评这里要表达的意思是一刻没睡，用习语get a wink of sleep 来表示入木三分。病句(40) I received a sudden call that my father was sick.正确表达：I received a sudden call and was told that my father was sick.解析点call不能引导同位语从句，必须用引导词that.病句(41) I think, sports have advantages and disad

41、vantages 正确表达：I think that sports have both advantages and disadvantages.解析点评bothand.东列连词，表示既又使用在这里恰到好处。病句(42) I told my friends that I was going to major in geology, which annoyed my parents.正确表达：I told my friends that I was going to major in geology, and my parents were annoyed by my choice.解析点评这个

42、句子是歧义句。它既可以理解为我告诉朋友让父母不高兴，也可以理解为我选择了地质学让父母生气。病句(43) I want to live in a quiet place to admire peaceful life.正确表达：I want to live in a quiet place to enjoy peaceful life.解析点评生活是要享受(enjoy)的，而admire的主要意思是“钦佩，赞赏，羡慕以愉快、惊奇及赞同的心情看待”。Enjoy life是惯用搭配。admire和life不搭配。病句(44) I was admitted to a key university fo

43、r which few dared to sign up.正确表达：I was admitted to a key university to which few dared to apply 解析点评“signup”是“签约参加工作，签约雇用”的意思，而这里要表达的意思是“申请入学”,所以用“apply to a certain college”。病句(45) I will come back at the beginning of Aug.正确表达：I will come back at the beginning of August.解析点评介词后面的名词一般不病句(46) I will

44、 return the books as quickly as possible.正确表达：I will return the books as soon as possible.( quickly 指动作，soon 指时间)解析点评这里的错误是用词不当，quickly指动作，soon指时间。病句(47) I would appreciate it if you could give me another one week.正确表达：I would appreciate it if you could give me one more week.解析点评表示再给一个星期的时间应为one mor

45、e weeko病句(48) If a man only cares about money, will lead to be unhappy all his life.正确表达:If a man only cares about money, he will be misled and will be unhappy all his life.解析点评本句既然是主从复合句，那么主句和从句都应有各自的主语；而且“人”和“引向”之间应为被动关系。leadsb.todosth.意为“诱导某人做某事”，这显然词不达意。如果lead to解释为“导致，结果是”时，to为介词，后面应跟名词性成分。而mis

46、lead为“引入歧途，误导”。病句(49) If had no automobile, I would have to walk two hours to go to work.正确表达：If there were no automobile, I would have to walk two hours to go to work.解析点评have表示拥有，而这里表示的状态所以应用therebe的虚拟形式。病句(50) If not, she might die.正确表达：Otherwise, she might die.解析点评这个句子也是受到了汉语表达的影响，在英语中表示否则的意思时用

47、otherwise 更好。病句(51) If your English is not good, your going to have trouble with all the subject.正确表达： If your English is not good, you are going to have trouble with all the subjects.解析点评这句话中有三多显然是由于马虎造成的错误。1.人称代词your不可以做主语应改为you。2.表示将来的be going to结构不完整，应在going前加上are。3 subject是可数名词,应该用复数形式subjects。

48、病句(52) In Australia, do not ask the following questions such as how much theyearn.正确表达：In Australia, do not ask such questions as how much they earn.解析点评原句的错误在于不必要的重复。如果改成In Australia, do not ask the following questions.也可以。病句(53) In my opinion think the company should pay for the victims injuries.正确