考研英语-真命题试卷'(编辑汇总).doc

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1、 2011 考研英语（一）真题试卷考研英语（一）真题试卷Section Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _1_some claims

2、 to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _2_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _5_ benefits the

3、way, say, walking or jogging does._6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter_8_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reactio

4、n might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_ feedback, that improve an individuals emotional state. _11_one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _12_ physical reactions. It was argued

5、at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _13_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _14_ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the Unive

6、rsity of wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17_ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frow

7、n, _19_ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around _20_ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1. A among B except Cdespite D like 2. A reflect Bdemend Cindicate Dproduce 3. A stabilizing B boostingC impairing D determining 4. A transmit Bsustain C evalu

8、ate D observe 5. A measurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6. A In turn B In fact C In addition D In brief 7. A opposite Bimpossible Caverage D expected 8. A hardens B weakens C tightens Drelaxes 9. A aggravate B generate C morderate D enhance 10. A physical B mental C subconsciousDintermal 11

9、. A Except for B According toC Due to D As for 12. A with B on C in Dat 13. A unless B until C if D because 14. A exhausts B follows C precedes D supresses 15. A into Bform C towards D beyond 16. A fecth B form C pick D hold 17. A disappointed B excited C joyful D indifferent 18. A adapted B catered

10、 C turned D reacted 19. A suggestingB requiring C mentioning D supposing 20. A Eventually B Consequently C SimilatlyD ConverselySection Reading Comprehension2Part A Directions: Reading the following fours texts. Answer the question below each text by Choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answer on ANSWER S

11、HEET1.(40points) Text 1The decision of the New York philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least “Hooray!

12、 A t last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music criticOne of the reason why the appiontment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilber is commparatively little known Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician wit

13、h no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that semms likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint prwise For my part, I have no idea whether G

14、ilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, be performs an impressive variety of interesting composition, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my compute

15、r amd download still more recorded music form iTumesDevoted concertgoers who reply that recording are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troup

16、es , theeater companies, and museums, but also with the recorsed performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recording are cheap, available everwhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays choosing. The widespread availabilyty of such recording has t

17、hus brought about a ctisis in the institution of the traditional classical councert One possible reponse is for classical performers to program attravtive new music that is not yet available on recors. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross , a classical- music critic, h

18、as described him as a man who is capable of turning the Phiharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely, expanding the orchestras repertorre will not be enough. If Gilbert and thr Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first c

19、hange the relationship between Americaa olderest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract. 21.We learn from Para 1 that Gilberts appointment has_ Aincured criticism Braised suspicion Craceived acclaim Daround curiousity 22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _ Ainfluential Bmodest

20、 Crespectable Dtalented 23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers _ Aignore the expense of live performance Breject most kinds of recorded performance Cexaggerate the variety of live performanc Doverestimate the variety of live performance 24.According to the text, which of the following

21、 is true of recordings? AThey are often interror to live concerts in quality BThey are easily accessible to the genral public CThey help improve the quality of music DThey have only convered masterpieces 25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalixing the Philharmonic, the authir feels_ Adoubtful Benthus

22、isastic Cconfident Dpuzzled Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his expanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving to presue my goal of running a company, broadcasting h

23、is ambition “was very much my decision,“ McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.MaGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to refect on what kind of compan

24、y he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the NO.2 executives Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response business

25、 environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEo turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous board

26、s stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most att

27、ractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Krn Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey, “I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.“Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram

28、 quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commoditied exchange. Robert Willumstad left CItigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institurion three years lat

29、er. Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad on. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, bu thats been fundamentally inverted,“ says one headhunter. “The people whove be

30、en hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long“ 26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being_ A. Arrogant B. frank C. self-centered D. impulsive 27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred by _ A. their expectation of better financi

31、al status B. their need to reflect on their private life C. their strained relations with the boards D. their pursuit of new career goals 28. The word “poached“ (Line3, Paragraph 4) most probably means_ A. approved of 4B. attended to C.hunted for D.guarded against 29. It can be inferred from the las

32、t paragraph that _ A. top performers used to cling to their posts B. loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated C. top performers care more about reputations D. its safer to stick to the traditional rules. 30. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. CEOs: where to GO? B. CEOs:

33、All the Way Up? C. Top managers Jump without a Net D. The Only way out for Top Performers Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid “ media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role,

34、companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned“ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Webe site. The way consumenrs now approatch the board range of factors beyond conventional pai

35、d media.Paind and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiators for users responses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media-for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad spac

36、e on its Web site. We difine such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong tha other organization palce their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. Thies trend, which we believe is still in its infance, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlin

37、es and hotels and will no doubt go further John yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of 6cake.”Its hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous:

38、most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small pa

39、rt of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. 36. Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring_ A temporary delight. B enjoyment in progress. C happiness in retrospect. D lasting reward. 37. We learn from Paragraph 2 that_ A

40、 celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip. B single mothers with babies deserve greater attention. C news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining. D having children is highly valued by the public. 38. It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folk. _ A are constantly exposed to critic

41、ism. B are largely ignored by the media. C fail to fulfill their social responsibilities. D are less likely to be satisfied with their life. 39. According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is_ A soothing. B ambiguous. C compensatory. D misleading. 40. Which of the following

42、 can be inferred from the last paragraph? A Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms. B Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing. C Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life. D We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.

43、Part B Directions: The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize those paragraph into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraph E and C have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on AN

44、SWER SHEET 1. (10 points) A No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not s

45、urprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees. B His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of sytle:22% of American college graduates now major in business compa

46、red with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvar

47、d, Mr. Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”, they form a sort of social glue. C Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to p

48、roduce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English department awarded more bachelors degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to du something for which