英语专业八级考试真题及答案详解.doc

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1、试卷用后随即销毁。严禁保管、出版或复印。QUESTIONBOOKLETTESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2016)-GRADEEIGHT-TIMELIMIT:150MINPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION25MINSECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthemini-lectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothemini-lecture,pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwri

2、teNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthis

3、sectionyouwillhearONEinterview.TheinterviewwillbedividedintoTWOparts.Attheendofeachpart,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesofA,B,CandD,andmarkthebestanswer

4、toeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthequestions.Now,listentothePartOneoftheinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonPartOneoftheinterview.1. A.Maggiesuniversitylife.B.HermomslifeatHarvard.C.MaggiesviewonstudyingwithMom.D.Maggiesopiniononhermomsmajor.2. A.Theytakeexamsinthesameweeks.

5、B.Theyhavesimilarlecturenotes.C.Theyapplyforthesameinternship.D.Theyfollowthesamefashion.3. A.Havingroommates.B.Practicingcourttrails.C.Studyingtogether.D.Takingnotesbyhand.4. A.Protection.B.Imagination.C.Excitement.D.Encouragement.5. A.ThinkingofwaystocomfortMom.B.OccasionalinterferencefromMom.C.Ul

6、timatelycallswhenMaggieisbusy.D.FrequentcheckonMaggiesgrades.Now,listentothePartTwooftheinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonPartTwooftheinterview.6. A.Becauseparentsneedtobereadyfornewjobs.B.Becauseparentslovetoreturntocollege.C.Becausekidsrequiretheirparentstodoso.D.Becausekidsfindithardtoadapttocoll

7、egelife.7. A.Realestateagent.B.Financier.C.Lawyer.D.Teacher.8. A.Delighted.B.Excited.C.Bored.D.Frustrated.9. A.Howtomakeacake.B.Howtomakeomelets.C.Toacceptwhatistaught.D.Toplanafuturecareer.10. A.Unsuccessful.B.Gradual.C.Frustrating.D.Passionate.PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION45MINSECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICE

8、QUESTIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbyfourteenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE(1)Therewasmusicfrommyneighborshousethroughthesummernight

9、s.Inhisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemothsamongthewhisperingsandthechampagneandthestars.AthightideintheafternoonIwatchedhisguestsdivingfromthetowerofhisraftortakingthesunonthehotsandofhisbeachwhilehistwomotor-boatsslitthewatersoftheSound,drawingaquaplanes滑水板overcataractsoffoam.OnweekendsMr.Ga

10、tsbysRolls-Roycebecameanomnibus,bearingpartiestoandfromthecitybetweennineinthemorningandlongpastmidnight,whilehisstationwagonscamperedlikeabriskyellowbugtomeetalltrains.AndonMondayseightservants,includinganextragardener,toiledalldaywithscrubbing-brushesandhammerandgarden-shears,repairingtheravagesof

11、thenightbefore.(2)EveryFridayfivecratesoforangesandlemonsarrivedfromafruitererinNew YorkeveryMondaythesesameorangesandlemonslefthisbackdoorinapyramidofpulplesshalves.Therewasamachineinthekitchenwhichcouldextractthejuiceoftwohundredorangesinhalfanhour,ifalittlebuttonwaspressedtwohundredtimesbyabutler

12、sthumb.(3)AtleastonceafortnightacorpsofcatererscamedownwithseveralhundredfeetofcanvasandenoughcoloredlightstomakeaChristmastreeofGatsbysenormousgarden.Onbuffettables,garnishedwithglisteninghors-doeuvre冷盘,spicedbakedhamscrowdedagainstsaladsofharlequindesignsandpastrypigsandturkeysbewitchedtoadarkgold

13、.Inthemainhallabarwitharealbrassrailwassetup,andstockedwithginsandliquorsandwithcordials加甜蜜酒solongforgottenthatmostofhisfemaleguestsweretooyoungtoknowonefromanother.(4)Bysevenoclocktheorchestrahasarrivednothinfive-pieceaffairbutawholepitfulofoboesandtrombonesandsaxophonesandviolsandcornetsandpiccolo

14、sandlowandhighdrums.Thelastswimmershavecomeinfromthebeachnowandaredressingupstairs;thecarsfromNewYorkareparkedfivedeepinthedrive,andalreadythehallsandsalonsandverandasaregaudywithprimarycolorsandhairshorninstrangenewways,andshawlsbeyondthedreamsofCastile.Thebarisinfullswing,andfloatingroundsofcockta

15、ilspermeatethegardenoutsideuntiltheairisalivewithchatterandlaughterandcasualinnuendoandintroductionsforgottenonthespotandenthusiasticmeetingsbetweenwomenwhoneverkneweachothersnames.(5)Thelightsgrowbrighterastheearthlurchesawayfromthesunandnowtheorchestraisplayingyellowcocktailmusicandtheoperaofvoice

16、spitchesakeyhigher.Laughteriseasier,minutebyminute,spilledwithprodigality,tippedoutatacheerfulword.(6)Thegroupschangemoreswiftly,swellwithnewarrivals,dissolveandforminthesamebreathalreadytherearewanderers,confidentgirlswhoweavehereandthereamongthestouterandmorestable,becomeforasharp,joyousmomentthec

17、enterofagroupandthenexcitedwithtriumphglideonthroughthesea-changeoffacesandvoicesandcolorundertheconstantlychanginglight.(7)Suddenlyoneofthesegypsiesintremblingopal,seizesacocktailoutoftheair,dumpsitdownforcourageandmovingherhandslikeFriscodancesoutaloneonthecanvasplatform.Amomentaryhush;theorchestr

18、aleadervarieshisrhythmobliginglyforherandthereisaburstofchatterastheerroneousnewsgoesaroundthatsheisGildaGraysunderstudyfromtheFolies.Thepartyhasbegun.(8)IbelievethatonthefirstnightIwenttoGatsbyshouseIwasoneofthefewguestswhohadactuallybeeninvited.Peoplewerenotinvitedtheywentthere.Theygotintoautomobi

19、leswhichborethemouttoLong IslandandsomehowtheyendedupatGatsbysdoor.OncetheretheywereintroducedbysomebodywhoknewGatsby,andafterthattheyconductedthemselvesaccordingtotherulesofbehaviorassociatedwithamusementparks.SometimestheycameandwentwithouthavingmetGatsbyatall,cameforthepartywithasimplicityofheart

20、thatwasitsownticketofadmission.(9)Ihadbeenactuallyinvited.AchauffeurinauniformcrossedmylawnearlythatSaturdaymorningwithasurprisinglyformalnotefromhisemployerthehonorwouldbeentirelyGatsbys,itsaid,ifIwouldattendhis“littlepartythatnight.Hehadseenmeseveraltimesandhadintendedtocallonmelongbeforebutapecul

21、iarcombinationofcircumstanceshadpreventeditsignedJayGatsbyinamajestichand.(10)DressedupinwhiteflannelsIwentovertohislawnalittleaftersevenandwanderedaroundratherill-at-easeamongswirlsandeddiesofpeopleIdidntknowthoughhereandtherewasafaceIhadnoticedonthecommutingtrain.Iwasimmediatelystruckbythenumberof

22、youngEnglishmendottedabout;allwelldressed,alllookingalittlehungryandalltalkinginlowearnestvoicestosolidandprosperousAmericans.Iwassurethattheyweresellingsomething:bondsorinsuranceorautomobiles.Theywere,atleast,agonizinglyawareoftheeasymoneyinthevicinityandconvincedthatitwastheirsforafewwordsintherig

23、htkey.(11)AssoonasIarrivedImadeanattempttofindmyhostbutthetwoorthreepeopleofwhomIaskedhiswhereaboutsstaredatmeinsuchanamazedwayanddeniedsovehementlyanyknowledgeofhismovementsthatIslunkoffinthedirectionofthecocktailtabletheonlyplaceinthegardenwhereasinglemancouldlingerwithoutlookingpurposelessandalon

24、e.11. ItcanbeinferredformPara.1thatMr.Gatsby_throughthesummer.A. entertainedguestsfromeverywhereeveryweekendB. invitedhisgueststorideinhisRolls-RoyceatweekendsC. likedtoshowoffbylettingguestsrideinhisvehiclesD. indulgedhimselfinpartieswithpeoplefromeverywhere12. InPara.4,theword“permeateprobablymean

25、s_.A. perishB. pushC. penetrateD. perpetrate13. ItcanbeinferredformPara.8that_.A. guestsneedtoknowGatsbyinordertoattendhispartiesB. peoplesomehowendedupinGatsbyshouseasguestsC. GatsbyusuallyheldgardenpartiesforinvitedguestsD. guestsbehavedthemselvesinaratherformalmanner14. AccordingtoPara.10,theauth

26、orfelt_atGatsbysparty.A. dizzyB. dreadfulC. furiousD. awkward15. WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.11aboutGatsby?A. Hewasnotexpectedtobepresentattheparties.B. Hewasbusyreceivingandentertainingguests.C. Hewasusuallyoutofthehouseattheweekend.D. Hewasunwillingtomeetsomeoftheguests.PASSAGETWO(1)TheTerm“CYBERSP

27、ACEwascoinedbyWilliamGibson,ascience-fictionwriter.Hefirstuseditinashortstoryin1982,andexpandedonitacoupleofyearslaterinanovel,“Neuromancer,whosemaincharacter,HenryDorsettCase,isatroubledcomputerhackeranddrugaddict.InthebookMrGibsondescribescyberspaceas“aconsensualhallucinationexperienceddailybybill

28、ionsoflegitimateoperatorsand“agraphicrepresentationofdataabstractedfromthebanksofeverycomputerinthehumansystem.(2)Hisliterarycreationturnedouttoberemarkablyprescient有先见之明的.Cyberspacehasbecomeshorthandforthecomputingdevices,networks,fibre-opticcables,wirelesslinksandotherinfrastructurethatbringtheint

29、ernettobillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Themyriadconnectionsforgedbythesetechnologieshavebroughttremendousbenefitstoeveryonewhousesthewebtotapintohumanityscollectivestoreofknowledgeeveryday.(3)Butthereisadarkersidetothisextraordinaryinvention.Databreachesarebecomingeverbiggerandmorecommon.Lastyearover

30、800mrecordswerelost,mainlythroughsuchattacks.AmongthemostprominentrecentvictimshasbeenTarget,whosechiefexecutive,GreggSteinhafel,stooddownfromhisjobinMay,afewmonthsafterthegiantAmericanretailerrevealedthatonlineintrudershadstolenmillionsofdigitalrecordsaboutitscustomers,includingcredit-anddebit-card

31、details.Otherwell-knownfirmssuchasAdobe,atechcompany,andeBay,anonlinemarketplace,havealsobeenhit.(4)Thepotentialdamage,though,extendswellbeyondsuchcommercialincursions.WiderconcernshavebeenraisedbytherevelationsaboutthemasssurveillancecarriedoutbyWesternintelligenceagenciesmadebyEdwardSnowden,acontr

32、actortoAmericasNationalSecurityAgency(NSA),aswellasbythegrowingnumbersofcyber-warriorsbeingrecruitedbycountriesthatseecyberspaceasanewdomainofwarfare.Americaspresident,BarackObama,saidinaWhiteHousepressreleaseearlierthisyearthatcyber-threats“po搜寻引擎优化neofthegravestnational-securitydangersthecountryis

33、facing.(5)Securingcyberspaceishardbecausethearchitectureoftheinternetwasdesignedtopromoteconnectivity,notsecurity.ItsfoundersfocusedongettingittoworkanddidnotworrymuchaboutthreatsbecausethenetworkwasaffiliatedwithAmericasmilitary.Ashackersturnedup,layersofsecurity,fromantivirusprogramstofirewalls,we

34、readdedtotrytokeepthematbay.Gartner,aresearchfirm,reckonsthatlastyearorganizationsaroundtheglobespent$67billiononinformationsecurity.(6)Onthewhole,thesedefenseshaveworkedreasonablywell.Forallthetalkabouttheriskofa“cyber9/11”,theinternethasprovedremarkablyresilient.Hundredsofmillionsofpeopleturnonthe

35、ircomputerseverydayandbankonline,shopatvirtualstores,swapgossipandphotoswiththeirfriendsonsocialnetworksandsendallkindsofsensitivedataoverthewebwithoutilleffect.Companiesandgovernmentsareshiftingevermoreservicesonline.(7)Butthetaskisbecomingharder.Cyber-security,whichinvolvesprotectingbothdataandpeo

36、ple,isfacingmultiplethreats,notablycybercrimeandonlineindustrialespionage,bothofwhicharegrowingrapidly.ArecentestimatebytheCentreforStrategicandInternationalStudies(CSIS),putstheannualglobalcostofdigitalcrimeandintellectual-propertytheftat$445billionasumroughlyequivalenttotheGDPofasmallishrichEurope

37、ancountrysuchasAustria.(8)Toaddtotheworries,thereisalsotheriskofcyber-sabotage.Terroristsoragentsofhostilepowerscouldmountattacksoncompaniesandsystemsthatcontrolvitalpartsofaneconomy,includingpowerstations,electricalgridsandcommunicationsnetworks.Suchattacksarehardtopulloff,butnotimpossible.Oneprece

38、dentisthedestructioninofcentrifuges离心机atanuclearfacilityinIranbyacomputerprogramknownasStuxnet.(9)Butsucheventsarerare.Thebiggestday-to-daythreatsfacedbycompaniesandgovernmentagenciescomefromcrooksandspookshopingtostealfinancialdataandtradesecrets.Forexample,smarter,better-organizedhackersaremakingl

39、ifetougherforthecyber-defenders,butthereportwillarguethatevensoanumberofthingscanbedonetokeepeveryonesaferthantheyarenow.(10)Oneistoensurethatorganizationsgetthebasicsofcyber-securityright.Alltoooftenbreachesarecausedbysimpleblunders,suchasfailingtoseparatesystemscontainingsensitivedatafromthosethat

40、donotneedaccesstothem.Companiesalsoneedtogetbetteratanticipatingwhereattacksmaybecomingfromandatadaptingtheirdefencesswiftlyinresponsetonewthreats.Technologycanhelp,ascanindustryinitiativesthatallowfirmstoshareintelligenceaboutriskswitheachother.(11)Thereisalsoaneedtoprovideincentivestoimprovecyber-

41、security,betheycarrotsorsticks.Oneideaistoencourageinternet-serviceproviders,orthecompaniesthatmanageinternetconnections,toshouldermoreresponsibilityforidentifyingandhelpingtocleanupcomputersinfectedwithmalicioussoftware.Anotheristofindwaystoensurethatsoftwaredevelopersproducecodewithfewerflawsinits

42、othathackershavefewersecurityholestoexploit.(12)Anadditionalreasonforgettingtechcompaniestogiveahigherprioritytosecurityisthatcyberspaceisabouttoundergoanothermassivechange.Overthenextfewyearsbillionsofnewdevices,fromcarstohouseholdappliancesandmedicalequipment,willbefittedwithtinycomputersthatconne

43、ctthemtothewebandmakethemmoreuseful.Dubbed“theinternetofthings,thisisalreadymakingitpossible,forexample,tocontrolhomeappliancesusingsmartphoneappsandtomonitormedicaldevicesremotely.(13)Butunlessthesesystemshaveadequatesecurityprotection,theinternetofthingscouldeasilybecometheinternetofnewthingstobeh

44、acked.Plentyofpeopleareeagertotakeadvantageofanyweaknessestheymayspot.Hackingusedtobeaboutgeekycollegekidstappingawayintheirbedroomstoannoytheirelders.Ithasgrownupwithavengeance.16. CyberspaceisdescribedbyWilliamGibsonas_.A. afunctiononlylegitimatecomputeroperatorshaveB. arepresentationofdatafromthe

45、humansystemC. animportantelementstoredinthehumansystemD. anillusionheldbythecommoncomputerusers17. WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTsummarizesthemeaningofthefirstfourparagraphs?A. Cyberspacehasmorebenefitsthandefects.B. Cyberspaceislikeadouble-edgedsword.C. Cyberspacesymbolizestechnologicaladvance.D

46、. Cyberspacestillremainsasci-finotion.18. AccordingtoPara.5,thedesigningprinciplesoftheinternetandcyberspacesecurityare_.A. controversialB. complimentaryC. contradictoryD. congruent19. Whatcouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A. CyberCrimeandItsPrevention.B. TheOriginofCyberCrime.C. HowtoDeal

47、withCyberCrime.D. TheDefinitionofCyberCrime.PASSAGETHREE(1)YoushouldtreatskepticallytheloudcriesnowcomingfromcollegesanduniversitiesthatthelastbastionofexcellenceinAmericaneducationisbeingguttedbystatebudgetcutsandmountingcosts.Whateverelseitis,highereducationisnotabastionofexcellence.Itisshotthroug

48、hwithwaste,laxacademicstandardsandmediocreteachingandscholarship.(2)True,theeconomicpressuresfromtheIvyLeaguetostatesystemsareintense.Lastyear,nearlytwo-thirdsofschoolshadtomakemidyearspendingcutstostaywithintheirbudgets.Itisalsotrue(asuniversitypresidentsanddeansargue)thatrelievingthosepressuresmerelybyraisingtuitionsandcuttingcourseswillmakemattersworse.Studentswillpaymoreandgetless.Theuniversitypresidentsanddeanswanttobesparedfromfurthergovernmentbudgetcuts