初级中学定语从句详解及其练习附答案.doc

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1、 定语从句详解及练习附答案 第一部分:基础知识 （一） 定语从句概述 定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定 语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。 定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定 语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词 进行限定说明或补充说明。 （二） 定语从句的引导词。 定语从句的引导词分为两类，关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose ）和关系副词（ when, where, why ） ，引导词在先行词和定语从

2、句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定 语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。 （三） 关系代词 1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。This is the photo that I took in the country.He is the singer that I met yesterday. 2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句 The film which we saw last night was moving. 3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。 The person who visited o

3、ur classroom yesterday was our new headmaster. The man who you just talked to is Tom. 4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。That is the professor whom you want to know. 5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ s, 后接一名词。I know the boy whose parents are dead.I dont like those cities whose roads are dirty. 注：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 （四） 关

4、系副词关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中 which 指代先行词不可以指 示整个句子。 when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于 at/ on/ in/ during which. Ill never forget the day when (on which ) I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain. where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于 at/ in / to/ which. This is the school where( at which ) I studied. why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语

5、，相当于 for which. Thats the real reason why (for which ) he was late. 第二部分：关系代词的特殊用法 关系代词指物时, 用 that 而不用 which 的情况: 1 . 先行词为 something ,anything ,nothing ,everything 以及 all , much , little , a lot , none , few 等不定代词时。 Eg: My mother was so proud of all that I didt 2 . 先行词有 the last , the very , the onl

6、y 以及 all , much , few , no , any ,little 等修饰时。 e.g. This is the very book that Im looking for . 3 . 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。e.g. This is the most exciting film that Ive ever seen .When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake . 4 . the same 修饰先行词时 , 定语从句要用 that

7、或 as 引导 , 但意义不同。e.g. This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一)This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那个) 6 . There be 后面的定语从句多用 that 引导 , 不用 which 。e.g. Theres a seat in the corner that is still free . 7 . 句子前面出现了 who , which 时 , 后面的定语从句用 that 引导。e.g. They built a facto

8、ry which made some new products that had never been seen before .Who is the man that you were talking about just now ? 8 . 关系代词在定语从句作表语时, 常用 that , 而不用 which 、who 。 e.g. My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago .Tom isnt the man that he used to be 9. 先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用 that。e.g. D

9、o you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday (二) 关系代词指人时, 有时只用 who ,而不用 that。 1 . 先行词为指人的代词 one , those , the man,以及人称代词如 he 等。e.g. Those who are often late for school should be punished .He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man . 2 . 先行词为 someone (somebody), no

10、 one (nobody), anyone (anybody), everyone (everybody) 。e.g. Anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time . 3 . 先行词指人时, 如有序数词, 最高级, the very , the only ,the last 等修饰 , 定语从句既可用 that 也可用 who 引导。e.g. He is the first student who / that worked out the problem . (三) 关系代词 whose 的用法： 1 . who

11、se 在从句中作定语 ，表示“先行词的” ，既可指人，也可指物。e.g. John is my best friend , whose father is a scientist .The old man lived in the house whose window was broken .The boss , in whose company my father worked , was very friendly to the workers . 2 . whose 可以转换为 of which（物）和 of whom（人） 。e.g. 1) The dictionary whose c

12、over is missing is mine . ( 划线部分可改为 the cover of which 或 of which the cover )2) They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday . ( 划线部分可改为 the car of whom 或 of whom the car ) (四) which 的特殊用法： 1. 关系代词 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 , 有时不是修饰某个先行词 , 而是指代主句的 全部或部分内容 。特别注意，非限定定语从句中 prep+which 时，which 只能

13、指代先行词， 不可以指代句子。e.g. 1) In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which ,however , is not the custom in western countries . Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry . 2 . which 有时可在定语从句中作定语 , 含义上相当于指示代词 this / that 。e.g. 1) He stayed in England for

14、 5 years , during which time he learned English well . 2) It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I wont go fishing .注意 ：which 的这种用法与 whose 作定语不同 。whose 表示“ 先行词的 ”。e.g. Theyre talking about a film , whose name I have forgotten . 3 . 以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时 , 可借关系代词 which 把介词前置。e.g. 1) Tomorrow would be Ch

15、ristmas Day , and she had only $ 1.87 with which to buy Jim a present .32 Those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to live . 注：如果先行词指人，关系代词用 whom 。e.g. I want to find a person to travel to England with / with whom to travel to England . (五) 关系代词 as 的用法： 1. 引导限制性定语从句： 当先行词有 such , so , t

16、he same 等修饰时, 关系代词要用 as ； as 在从句中可作主语，宾语 和表语。 e.g. 1) . I have never seen such a kind girl as she is .2) . He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) as every student respects .比较：He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) that every student respects him . ( 此句为 such / so that 引导的结果状语从句 )3

17、) . Such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam .4) . He bought the same bike as I did last week . 区别 that I did last week 2. 引导非限制性定语从句： as 不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容 ，可译为“这一点，此事；正如” ， 或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾 。常见于 as we all know , as has been said above ，as is usual ，as is often the cas

18、e , as everybody can see , as is known to us all 等结构。 e.g. 1) . He has passed the exam , as is a pleasure to us .2) . As we all know , the earth moves around the sun .3) . This experiment , as you had expected , succeeded at last . 3. 如前所述 , which 也可引导这种从句 , 两者常可互换。(非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指 代前面的主句)e.g. 1）. Th

19、ose two students are wearing the same clothes , which / as is very interesting .2）. They came to the party on time , as / which had been expected .但在以下两种情况下有区别 ：1) . as 从句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而 which 从句只能在主句后。e.g. _ is often the case , we have worked out the production plan . A . Which B . When C . What D

20、. As 2) . 关系代词作主语时, 如果从句的谓语是及物动词+宾语的结构, 则只能用 which 。e.g. His father died in a traffic accident , which made us greatly surprised .3）当 which 在从句中指代的事先行词而不是主句，只能用 whiche.g. The car, which we saw on the playground, is Mikes. 第四部分：关系副词的特殊用法 关系副词 when , where , why 的用法： 1. 关系代词 (which / that) 与关系副词 (when

21、, where, why) 的选取方法： 当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系代词指代先行词，并代替先行 词在从句中作主语或宾语。 如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语, 先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成 分的时候, 选用关系副词。 关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为“介词 + which”。e.g. 1) Do you remember the day which / that we spent in the mountain village ? Do you remember the day when (= on which ) we visited the m

22、ountain village ?2) This is the factory which / that we visited last year . This is the factory where (= in which ) he worked last year .3) We dont believe the reason which / that he gave for his coming late . We dont know the reason why (= for which ) he has changed his mind .2. 关系副词 where 的从句还可以修饰

23、 point，situation，case，activity , scene , stage 等地点 意味不明显的先行词。关系副词 when 的从句可以修饰 occasion , stay 等时间意味不明显的先 行词。关系副词 why 只修饰 reason 这一个先行词。e.g. 1) Now you can see weve come to the point where a change is badly needed . 2) Today well discuss some cases where beginners of English fail to use it properly

24、.3) There are few occasions when my students cant understand what I teach in class . 3. when 和 where 在少数情况下可作介词宾语。e.g. 1) . The naughty boy was hidden behind the door , from where he saw his mother walking into the house .（ where 指代 behind the door 。不能换为 which ，因为 which 只能指代 the door ）2) . They went

25、 to American three years ago ，since when they have lived there .( when 指代 three years ago 。不能换为 which ，因为 which 只能指代 three years =and since then) (二) that 在有些句型中可视为关系副词：1 . way 后面的定语从句常用 that 或 in which 引导 , 但可省略。e.g. I dont like the way ( that / in which ) you speak to your parents .The way ( in wh

26、ich / that ) he worked on the problem was wrong . 注： 如果 way 在从句中作主语或宾语, 应该用关系代词 which / that。e.g. He explained the problem in a way that / which everyone could accept .2 . It is ( about , high ) time that (正)是 的时候了。that 从句中常用一般过去时, that 在口语中可省略。e.g. It was high time that we stopped pollution .It is

27、time that you had lunch now .比较：There was a time when ( during which ) we were short of oil .3 . This is the first ( second , last ) time that ( 从句中常用完成时态 )e.g. This is / will be the last time that I have come to China .It was the first time that he had been invited to China . 第五部分：定语从句有关要注意的问题(一) 关

28、系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。1 . 先行词只有 one of 修饰时 , 从句谓语用复数。e.g. He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan .This is one of the best books that were written by the writer .2 . one of 前有 the , the only ，the very ，the first 时 , 从句谓语用单数。e.g. Tom is the only / very one of the boys who know

29、s the truth . (二) 定语从句的隔离现象：1 . 定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语, 定语或者其他成分隔开, 要注意找准先行词。 e.g. The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that village . Is there a restaurant around where we can have lunch ? ( around adv. 在周围 ) The days are gone when we used foreign oil . (主句谓语较短, 隔开先行词与定语

30、从句) 2 . 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。e.g. 1) He is the man who I think is fit for the job . 2) - Is that the small town you often refer to ? - Right , just the one _ you know I used to work for years . A . that B . which C . where D . what (三) 定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序： e.g. Three days later , we found an old hou

31、se , in front of which stood a big tree . Finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful rainbow . (四) 注意区别定语从句和其他从句：1 . 区别 where 引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。(最明显的区别是定语从句一定有先行 词)e.g. After the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre . (状语从句)A new school was put

32、up at the place where there had once been a theatre . (定语从句)2 . 区别“介词+which”的定语从句和“介词+what”的宾语从句。e.g. 1) This is the company in which he worked three years ago . ( which 引导定语从句 )2) A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago . ( what 宾语从句)A . what B . which C . that D . where 3

33、. 区别 that 的定语从句和同位语从句。e.g. The news that he won the match made us excited . ( 同位语从句 )The news ( that ) he told us made us very excited . ( 定语从句 ) 同位语从句中 that 不作句子成分, 但不能省略，去掉 that 从句仍然完整。定语从句中 that 是 关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。几个习题 1. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _

34、I will always treasure . A . that B . it C . one D . what 此时，one 是分句的先行词，同时 one 是 moment 的同位语 2. The book was written in 1946 , _ the education system has witnessed great changes . A . when B . during which C . since then D . since when 此时 when 相当于 in 1946 , 最简单的说法就是 and since then , and since the /

35、 this that = which定语从句易错分析 之所以在经常出错，主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出主句和从句，对句子成分 的把握也不到位，搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一 类题，要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法，而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成 分，这样才能对症下药，快速准确地找到瓿之所在定语从句练习题及配套参考答案共 50 题 1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you kn

36、ow the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on whic

37、h 5. That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6. The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This

38、is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine.

39、 A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the

40、 country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English,

41、 _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I wentC. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and perso

42、ns _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _co

43、uld do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a

44、 watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; whenC. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason

45、_he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with whichC. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why

46、; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both

47、of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragra

48、ph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what;