1996年考研英语真命题超详解.doc

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1、1996 年年全真试题年年全真试题Part Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Vitamins are organic compounds neces

2、sary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, 1 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 2 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 3 is missi

3、ng a deficiency disease becomes 4 .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 5 nitrogen. They are different 6 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 7 one or more specific functions in the body. 8 enough vitamins is essent

4、ial to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 9 vitamins. Many people, 10 , believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a wellbalanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs. 1.AeitherBsoCnor Dnever 2.Ashifting Btransferring Caltering Dtransform

5、ing3.AanyBsomeCanything Dsomething4.AseriousBapparent CsevereDfatal5.AmostlyBpartiallyCsometimes Drarely6.Ain that Bso thatCsuch that Dexcept that7.Aundertakes BholdsCplaysDperforms8.ASupplying BGettingCProviding DFurnishing9.AexceptionalBexceeding CexcessDexternal10.Anevertheless Btherefore Cmoreov

6、er DmeanwhilePart Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blac

7、kening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Tightlipped elders used to say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.”Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.You can make a mental bluepr

8、int of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essentia

9、l for any type of meal to be served.Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.This a

10、ccount of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could be emp

11、loyer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something

12、 tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment

13、you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now. 11. What do the elders mean when they say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.”?A Youll certainly get what you want.B Its no use dreaming.C You should be dissatisfied with what you have.D Its essential to set a goal

14、for yourself.12. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as .A an illustration of how to write an application for a jobB an indication of how to secure a good jobC a guideline for job descriptionD a principle for job evaluation13. According to the passage, one mus

15、t write an account of himself before starting to find a job because .A that is the first step to please the employerB that is the requirement of the employerC it enables him to know when to sell his servicesD it forces him to become clearly aware of himself14. When you have carefully prepared a blue

16、print of your abilities and desires, you have something .A definite to offerB imaginary to provideC practical to supplyD desirable to presentPassage 2With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporations news coverage, as well as liste

17、n to it.And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, childrens progr

18、ammes and films for an annual licence fee of 83 per household.It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years yet the BBCs future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publiclyfunded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programm

19、es are now the subject of a nationwide debate in Britain.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC including ordinary listeners and viewers to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reas

20、on for its inquiry is that the BBCs royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.Defenders of the Corporation of whom there are many are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it aint broke, dont fix it.” The BBC “aint broke”, they

21、say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word broke, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels ITV and Channel 4 were required by the Thatcher Government

22、s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels funded partly by advertising and partly by viewerssubscriptions which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.15. The wor

23、ld famous BBC now faces .A the problem of news coverageB an uncertain prospectC inquiries by the general publicD shrinkage of audience16. In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?A Extension of its TV service to Far East.B Programmes as the subject of a

24、nation-wide debate.C Potentials for further international co-operations.D Its existence as a broadcasting organization.17. The BBCs “royal charter” (Line 4, Paragraph 4) stands for .A the financial support from the royal family.B the privileges granted by the Queen.C a contract with the Queen.D a un

25、ique relationship with the royal family.18. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than .A the emergence of commercial TV channels.B the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government.C the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs.D the challenge of new satellite chan

26、nels.Passage 3In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of

27、the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municip

28、al and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.The growth of th

29、e limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and

30、 the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the worlds movemen

31、t towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their

32、 orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in w

33、hich he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under

34、 the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trade

35、s, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each others strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.19. Its true of the old family firms that .A they were spo

36、iled by the younger generationsB they failed for lack of individual initiative C they lacked efficiency compared with modern companiesD they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers20. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in . A the separation of capital from managementB the own

37、ership of capital by managers C the emergence of capital and labour as two classesD the participation of shareholders in municipal business21. According to the passage, all of the following are true except that . A the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workersB the old firm owners had a

38、better understanding of their workers C the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly D the trade unions seemed to play a positive role22. The author is most critical of .A family firm ownersB landowners C managersD shareholdersPassage 4What accounts for the great outburst of major

39、inventions in early America breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above

40、 all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspec

41、ts of geometry and trigonometry.Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the s

42、killed workman.”A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devic

43、es were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took rea

44、dily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process The designer and the i

45、nventor are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist.”This nonverbal “spatial” thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc, like a poet among the let

46、ters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”When all these shaping forcesschools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking interacted with one another on the rich U.S. mainland, they produced that

47、American characteristic emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.23. According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due to .A elementary schoolsB

48、enthusiastic workersC the attractive premium system D a special way of thinking24. It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics .A benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge.B shed light on disciplined school management.C was brought about by privileged home training.D owed a lot to the technological development.25. A technologist can be compared to an artist because .A they are both