《if虚拟语态》PPT课件.ppt

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1、SubjunctiveSubjunctiveMoodMoodGrammar focus1.虚拟语气虚拟语气：如果我们所说的不是事实：如果我们所说的不是事实,也不是也不是要求、命令、劝告等，而只是一种假设、愿望、要求、命令、劝告等，而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气。建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气。注意注意:条件句分两种条件句分两种,真实条件句和虚拟条件真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟句。只有在虚拟(非真实非真实)条件句中条件句中,才用虚拟才用虚拟语气语气,而在真实条件句中而在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。要用陈述语气。请比较：请比较：(1).If it is

2、sunny tomorrow,well go to the zoo.如果明天天气好如果明天天气好,我们将会去公园。我们将会去公园。在这句话中在这句话中,明天天气好是完全有明天天气好是完全有 可能实现的可能实现的,并非虚拟、幻想并非虚拟、幻想,因此因此 是真实条件句。是真实条件句。(2).If I were you,I would go at once.(如果我是你的话如果我是你的话,我立刻就走。我立刻就走。)这句这句话是条件句话是条件句“如果我是你如果我是你”,但事实上但事实上,我不可能成我不可能成为你为你,这只是假设的情况这只是假设的情况,没有实现的可能。当条件没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可

3、能性很小实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说没有时甚至可以说没有时,就需要用虚就需要用虚拟语气来表示拟语气来表示,动词发生了变化。也就是说虚拟语气动词发生了变化。也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时，从句用表示和现实的事实相反时，从句用一般过去一般过去时时,主句主句用用“should/would/could/might+动词原形动词原形”。虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并示说话人所说的话并不是事实不是事实，而是一种，而是一种假设假设、愿望愿望、怀疑或怀疑或推测推测。1.由由if引导的虚拟语气引导的虚拟语气2.虚拟条件句的其他情虚拟条

4、件句的其他情况况 1.If 所引导句型的基本结构：时间时间条件从句条件从句结果主句结果主句与现在事与现在事实相反实相反If sb did/were sthSb would do sth与过去事与过去事实相反实相反If sb had done sthSb would have done sth与将来事与将来事实相反实相反Sb would do sth.A：If sb did sthB：were to do sth.C:should+动词原形动词原形 跟现在事实相反If I had a lot of money，I would travel around the world.If sb did s

5、th，Sb would do sth.If I were you，I would not do like that.If sb were sth/sb，Sb would do sth.If I were you,I would ask our teacher for advice.If sb were sth/sb，Sb would do sth.If she were my daughter,I wouldnt allow her to marry a foreigner.If I had had a bike，I would have lent it to you yesterday.跟过

6、去事实相反If sb had done sth，Sb would have done sthIf I had gotten up early，I wouldnt have been late for school today.跟将来事实相反If she were to go there tomorrow,she would meet him.If sb were to do sth,Sb would do sth.If he came tomorrow,he would know it.If sb did sth,Sb would do sth.C:If sb should do sth,Sb

7、 would/should/could/do sth.If anybody should call,say I shall not be home till evening.万一有人打电话来，说我万一有人打电话来，说我要到傍晚才回来。要到傍晚才回来。当虚拟条件句含有当虚拟条件句含有were,had,should时，时，可以省略可以省略if，而把，而把were,had,should 移到主语之前，即用移到主语之前，即用倒装句倒装句If I were you，I would not do like that.If sb were sth/sb，Sb would do sth.Were I you，

8、I would not do like that.If I were you,I would ask our teacher for advice.If sb were sth/sb，Sb would do sth.Were I you,I would ask our teacher for advice.If she were my daughter,I wouldnt allow her to marry a foreigner.Were she my daughter,I wouldnt allow her to marry a foreigner.If I had had a bike

9、，I would have lent it to you yesterday.Had I had a bike，I would have lent it to you yesterday.If I had a lot of money，I would travel around the world.?Had I a lot of money，I would travel around the world.If I had had a bike，I would have lent it to you yesterday.Had I had a bike，I would have lent it

10、to you yesterday.If I had gotten up early，I wouldnt have been late for school today.Had I had gotten up early，I wouldnt have been late for school today.If she were to go there tomorrow,she would meet him.Were she to go there tomorrow,she would meet him.If anybody should call,say I shall not be home

11、till evening.Should anybody call,say I shall not be home till evening.as if从句中的虚拟语气：1.表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛他要对发生的一切负责。He acts as if he were/was a TV expert.他做起事来好象是个电视专家。They look as if they were real brothers.他们俩看起来好像真的是亲兄弟一样。2.表示过去的事实相反

12、，谓语动词用过去完成式。例如：He talks as if he had really been there.他说得好象他当时真的在那里一样。He talked as if nothing had happened.他说得好像什么事情也没有发生过。但在但在It sounds/looks/seems as if 后的从句中，表示后的从句中，表示情况很可能发生有时可用陈述语情况很可能发生有时可用陈述语气。气。It looks as if its going to rain.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.exercise 1 I _

13、you a more valuable present for your birthday,but I was short of money at that time.A.much have bought B.B.had bought C.C.would have bought D.D.would buy Key:C exercise 2What would you do if the war _.A.would break out B.B.were to break out C.C.will break out D.D.is broken out Key:B exercise 3_ he c

14、ome,the problem would be settled.A.Would B.B.Should C.C.Shall D.D.If Key:B exercise 4_ he would have succeeded in the examinations.A.If he has worked hard B.B.If he works hardC.C.If he worked hard D.D.Had he worked hard Key:D If you had told me in advance,I_ him at the airport.A.would have metB.woul

15、d meetC.had metD.met exercise 5Key:A Franklin looked as if he_ ill for a long time.A.was B.were C.has been D.had been exercise 6Key:D The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it_ on the way.A.breaks downB.broke down C.would break down D.should break down Key:D Kitty talks as if she_ on the s

16、pot.A.is B.were C.has been D.be Key:B Subjunctive Mood用在状语从句中（一）说明例句虚拟语气用在由as if 或 as though 引导的比较方式状语从句中，其谓语动词形式与 wish 后的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式相同1.She loves the boy as if she were his mother.2.The necklace made of glass looks as if it were a real diamond necklace.3.She talks as though she had known us for ye

17、ars.4.I remember the thing clearly as if it had happened yesterday.说 在as if/as though 从句中，如果可能成为事实，用陈述语气；如：明 She looks as if she is going to be ill.二二.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在as if(as though)等引导的从等引导的从句中句中.1.She stared at her husband as if he _.(他是一个陌生人）他是一个陌生人）2.He talks as if he _ the work himself,but in fact T

18、om and I did most of it.A.had done B.did C.would do D.would have done3.It seems as if it _(be)going to rain.were a strangerwere is 二二.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在as if(as though)等引导的从等引导的从句中句中.1.She stared at her husband as if he _.(他是一个陌生人）他是一个陌生人）2.He talks as if he _ the work himself,but in fact Tom and I did most of it.A.had done B.did C.would do D.would have done3.It seems as if it _(be)going to rain.were a strangerwere is