2022年初中英语情态动词的用法归纳.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -情态动词的用法要点一 can 和 could情态动词用法例句1“I dont think Mike can type. ” 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示才能在确定句中 ,表示客观可能性,并不涉及详细某事会发生,常用来说明人或事物的“Yes, he can”.2I can speak fluent English now , but I couldnt last year.1As a human being, anyone can make a mistake. 2I m confi

2、dent that a solution can be found.3He can be very forgetful sometimes.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_特点.要表达详细某事实际4I may stay at home this weekend（.实际可能性）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_can/could发生的可能性时,不用can, 需用 could, may, might .表示恳求和答应. 表示恳求, 口语中常用 could 代替 can, 使语气更委婉.表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的推测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中.表示惊奇、怀疑、不信

3、任等态度,主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中.5Peter might come to join us.实际可能性 6It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.实际可能性 1Can we turn the air conditioner on.2Any police officer can insist on seeing a drivers license. 3In soccer, you cant touch the ball with your hands.4Could you have her call me b

4、ack when she gets home, please. 5I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.1It cant be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.2Can the man over there be our head master.1Can this be an excuse for not giving them help. 2This cant be true.3How can you be so crazy.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品

5、_精品资料_特殊说明：（ 1）could 用来表示恳求时,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不能用于确定句,答语应用can（即： could 不能用于现在时态的简略答语中） .如： Could I use your dictionary. Yes, you can.否定回答可用：No, I m afraid not.(2) can 和 be able to 辨 析cancould 和 be able to 都可以表示才能,意思上没有区分.但can 只有现在式和过去式,而be able to 就有更多的形式.如：I ve always wanted to able to speak fluent Eng

6、lish.Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you ll be able to carry them on your own.但是,表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力,最终做成了某事,通常不用could,而用 was/were able to 来表示.这时, was/were able to 相当于 managed to do 或 succeed in doing.如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was ve

7、ry big, but most people were able to escape from the building.(3) 惯用形式“ cannottoo”表示“无论怎么也不（过分）”.如：You cannot be too careful. 你越当心越好.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -惯用形式“ cannot but+不定式（不

8、带to ）”表示“不得不,只好”.如：I cannot but admire her determination. 我不得不敬佩你的决心.二 may 和 might情态动词用法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_may/might表示答应、许可.否定回答一般用must not/mustn t,表示“禁止、阻挡”之意,但也可以用had better not最好别 或 may not（不行以） ,语气较为委婉.在表示恳求、答应时,might 比 may 语气更委婉些.用 MayI 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式, 在口气上比较客气,在日常用语中, 用 Can I 征询对方看法更为常见

9、.表示可能性的估计,通常用在确定句和否定句中,含有“或许” “大致”“可能”之意.用might代替 may 时,就语气显得更加不愿定.may 用于祈使句表示希望惯用句式：“ may well+动词原形”,意为“完全能, 很可能”,相当于 to be very likely to“ may as well 或 mightjustas well+ 动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”,相当于“ had better或 there is no reason to do anything else.1 May I come in and wait. 2 May I smoke here. No, y

10、ou mustn t或 No, you d better not. 1 Might I borrow your pen.2 I wonder if I might speak to your son.1 It may rain this afternoon.2 She might come to join us this afternoon. 3 I suppose he might have missed the train. 1 May you succeed.2 Long may he live.愿他能连续住下去.3 May you have many more days as happ

11、y as this one. 4 May she rest in peace.愿她安眠.1 It may well change forever the way you look at Greek art.2 There may well be a real problem here.3 There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed. 4 You may as well tell us now, well find out sooner orlater.5 I suppose we might as well go home.6 Andi

12、fyou have to ploughthe fieldanyway, you might as well plant it at the same time.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_二 must 和 have to情态动词用法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_must表示“必需,应当”之意,语气比should, ought to剧烈.其否定形式mustnt 表示“不准,不应当,禁 止”等意在回答带有must 的问句时,否定回答常用neednt或 dont have to,表示“不必” ,而不用mustnt表示有把握的估计,意为“肯定、准是、相必”,只

13、用于确定句中1 You must come to school on time. 2 Everybody must obey the law.3 You mustnt drive so fast in the street. 4 We mustnt waste any more time.1 Must I come back before ten. Yes, you must.No, you needn t 1 It must be my mother.2 You must be hungry after a walk.3 There must be a hole in the wall.可编

14、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_have to have to“必需,不得不” ,意义与 must 相近.但 must 表示的是说话人的主观看法,而 have to 就往往强调客观需要.must 只有一种形式,即现在式与过去式都是一种形式,而 hav

15、e to 就涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式.两者的否定意义不同,mustnt 表示“禁止,不许” ,dont have to 表示不必.1 The film is not interesting. I really must go now.2 I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.1I had to work hard when I was your age. 2I will have to learn how to use a computer.3In order to take the exam, well have to

16、 finish the whole book by the end of this month .1 You mustnt go there.2 You dont have to go there.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_四 shall 和 should情态动词用法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_shall用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句,表示征求对方看法或恳求指示用于其次、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、承诺或威逼.1 Shall I open the window.2 Shall we say 6 oclock, then. 3 W

17、hat shall I get for dinner.1 Don tworry,youshallgettheanswerthisafternoon. 承诺 2 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.（警告）3 You shall do as I say. 命令 4 If you children don t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. 威逼 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_should表示劝说或建议,意为“应当”1 What should I do. 2 S

18、hould I trust him.3 You should read his new book.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示估计,用在确定句中,对现在的情形或可能发生的事的主观估计或期望.意为“想必,大致,或许”仍可以用在if 引导的条件句中,表示一件事听起 来可能性很小, 但也不是完全不行能,相当于“万一”的意思.从句谓语用should+ 动词原形构成,主句都肯定用虚拟语气用于疑问句或感叹句中, 表示意外、 惊奇的心情,意为“竟会” ,与 why , what, how , who 连用, 假如是疑问句,就不需要回答.1 It should be a nice da

19、y tomorrow.2 Try phoning Robert, he should be home now. 3 He should be around sixty years old.1 Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. 你万一见到汤姆,请让他给我打个电话2 Should I be free tomorrow,I ll come. 万一我明天有时间,我就过来3 Ifthings should change suddenly, please letme know. 万一情形突变,请通知我1 Why should anyone want

20、to marry Tony. 2 Don t ask me. How should I know.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_五 will 和 would情态动词用法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_will/would用于表示意志或意愿.will指现在, would指过

21、去.表示恳求、建议等,用 would 比用 will委婉、客气.表示习惯或倾向,意为“总是,惯于”.will至现在, would 指过去.表示估计,意为“很可能,大致”.will表示估计比should 把握大,比must 把握小.表示功能,意为“能,行” .惯用形式： will do/would do 表示“解决问题” 、“就行”.1 He is the man who will go his own way. 他首歌自行其是的人. 2 They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the station. 1 Will you please take a

22、message for him.2 Would you please tell me your telephone number.1 Fish will die without water.2 People will talk. 人们总会说闲谈.3 When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.1 These things will happen.2 That will be the messenger ringing.3 It would be about ten o clock when he

23、left home. 1 That will be all right.2 Either pen will do.3 It would not do to work too late.（工作太晚不行. ）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用于否定句中,意为“不愿”、“不愿意”1 I won t listen to your nonsense.2 No matter what I said, he wouldn t listen to me.特殊说明： would 与 used to辨析would 可用来表示过去反复显现的动作,但不能表示过去存在的状态,所以我们不能说： “ she

24、 would be a quiet girl. ”另外, would 强调过去某种特定情形下的活动,是完全过去的事情,同现在没有联系.而used to 就着眼于过去和现在 的对比,隐含现在已不存在,动作或状态都可表示.Would 可以表示不规章的习惯,used to 就不行.如：He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning.Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.In those days, wh

25、enever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.六 need和 dare情态动词用法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_need用于表示“需要,必要”之意.做情态动词时, 仅用于否定句和疑问句,只有现在时,过去式要用 neednt have,疑问式用need+人称 .,否定式用 need not即 neednt）,做实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同, 后接带 to 的不定式（ need doing = need to be done） ,过去式用needed 、 did you need.和didnt

26、need, 确定式用 needs/needed/need,疑问式用 do、does 、did 提问,否定式要在前面加dont 、doesnt 、didnt1 Need we leave soon. Yes, you must.No, you neednt 2You neednt have hurried.=It was not necessary for you to hurry, but you did. 你当时不必这么匆忙.1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.need+名词,need understanding=ne

27、ed to be understood,需要被懂得 2He needs to see a doctor.need to do3Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party.needsomebody to do something4They didnt need to start so early.do not need to do可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_dare用于表示“敢于”之意.做情态动词,没有人1 Dare you tell her the truth.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精

28、品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_称和数的变化,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中用作实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同.在确定句中, dare 后接带 to 的不定式.否定句中, dare 后既可接带 to 的不定式,也可接不带 to 的不定式. Yes, I dare. /No, I daren t.3 How da

29、re you accuse me of lying. 4 He darent admit this.1 Only a few journalists dared to cover the story. 2 He doesnt dare to go there alone.3 Don t you dare to touch it.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_七 ought 的用法：情态动词用法例句表示“应当”之意1 You ought to take care of him.2 Ought I go now.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ought to d

30、o Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtn t to.表示估计.留意与must 表示估计是的区分1 He must be home by now. 确定他已到家2 He ought to be home by now. 不非常确定 3 This is where the oil must be. 比 较 直 率 4 This is where the oil ought to be. 比较含蓄 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_说明： should 与 ought to 表示“应当”时的区分should表示自己的主观看法,而oughtto 的语气中,

31、含有“按道理应当”之意.如要反映客观情形或涉及法律义务和规定,一般用ought to.如：You should help them with their work.You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.八“情态动词 +have done”用法情态动词 +have done用法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_must have done表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行估计, 意为“想必, 准是, 肯定做了某事”may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的估计,意为

32、“也许/或许已经（没有）“.一般用于确定句或否定句中, 不用于疑问句. 用 might 就表示语气更加不愿定.1 She must have gone through a lot. 2 HemusthavevisitedtheWhiteHouse during his stay in the United States.1 You may have learnt the news.2 He may not have heard his name called.3 Sorry I m late. I might have turnedoff the alarm clock and gone ba

33、ck to sleep again.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_canhave done cannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不愿定, 通常用在否定句和疑问句中.（ can 换成 could 时语气委婉）1 Where can she have gone.2 Could he have done such a foolish thing.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -

34、可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_could have done可用于确定句中,表示“可能已经”之意,此外,仍可以表示过去能做而没做的事, 有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜.might have done表示“原来可能,但实际上没有发生的事情”.另外,仍可以表示“原来应当或可以做某事”之意,含有稍微的批评语气.should/ought to have done用于确定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做.用于否定句时,就表示不该做的事反而做了.neednt h

35、ave done表示做了原来不必去做的事.留意： didn tneed to do 表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”had better have done用于事后的建议,含稍微批评的口吻,意为“当时最好做了某事”,其否定式had better not have done 表示相反的含义.would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”,其否定式would rather not have done 表示相反的含义,两者都表示“懊悔”之意.3 The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is

36、 difficult even to an adult.1 He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.2 Youcouldhavebeenmore considerate.3 You could have done better, but youwere too careless.1 You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2 He might have given him more help,thought he was

37、 busy.1 He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2 Youshouldnthavedoneitsocarelessly.3 You ought to have returned the book earlier.4 You ought not to have refused hisoffer.1 You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didn t need to buy the dictio

38、nary. I had a copy at home.1 You had better have started earlier. 2 You had better not have scolded her.1 I would rather have taken his advice. 2 I would rather not have told him thetruth.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载