《厄尔尼诺现象英》PPT课件.ppt

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1、BASICS OF EL NIO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION(ENSO)Ernesto R.VercelesErnesto R.VercelesPAGASAPAGASAWHAT IS EL NIO?Common notions:Common notions:“El Nio means no water in faucets and showers”“El Nio means no water in faucets and showers”“El“El Nio Nio means means no no planting planting for for the the seaso

2、n season or or two”two”These These are are partially partially true true these these are are all all impactsimpacts of of the the EL NIOEL NIOOne One newspaper newspaper headline:headline:PAGASA PAGASA insists insists El El Nio Nio already already in in RP RP-Despite Despite heavy heavy rains rains

3、and and typhoons typhoons(Panay News dated 13 January 2005)(Panay News dated 13 January 2005)“El Nio means severe drought”“El Nio means severe drought”WHAT IS EL NIO(LA NIA)?El El Nio Nio(La(La Nia)Nia)is is a a condition condition in in the the Pacific Pacific ocean ocean and and characterized char

4、acterized by by the the cyclic cyclic warming warming(cooling)(cooling)of of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific(CEEP).the central and eastern equatorial Pacific(CEEP).Observed Sea Observed Sea Surface Surface TemperatureTemperatureAnalyzed Sea Analyzed Sea Surface Surface TemperatureTemperat

5、ureEL NIOEL NIOLA NIALA NIALower Lower temptempLower Lower temptempHigher Higher temptempHigher Higher temptempCooler Cooler temptempCooler Cooler temptempWarmer Warmer temptempWarmer Warmer temptempCEEP warmingCEEP warmingCEEP coolingCEEP coolingMonthly observation and analysis of OCEAN SURFACE dur

6、ing El Nio 1997-98 and La Nia 1998-99El Nino 1997 started in El Nino 1997 started in MarchMarchLa Nina 1998 started in La Nina 1998 started in JulyJulyMonthly observation and analysis of OCEAN DEPTH(300 meters)during El Nio 1997-98 and La Nia 1998-99ASIAASIAAUSTRALIAAUSTRALIANorth and North and Sout

7、h South AMERICAAMERICAEl Nino 1997 El Nino 1997 started in Marchstarted in MarchLa Nina 1998 La Nina 1998 started in Julystarted in JulyMEASURING OCEAN PARAMETERSTHE NIO REGIONSSample Data for NIO REGIONSThus,Thus,“EL“EL NIO”NIO”is is a a condition condition in in the the central central and and eas

8、tern eastern equatorial equatorial Pacific Pacific OceanOcean where where unusual unusual warming warming is is occurring.occurring.(Note(Note that that the the formation/development formation/development of of El El Nio Nio is is very far from the countryvery far from the country.).)Then,why is it

9、affecting the philippines.Then,why is it affecting the philippines.The answer lies in the atmosphereThe answer lies in the atmosphereThe phenomenon is called SOUTHERN The phenomenon is called SOUTHERN OSCILLATIONOSCILLATIONSouthern Southern Oscillation Oscillation is is the the atmospheric atmospher

10、ic component component of of ENSO ENSO and and measured measured in in terms terms of of the the difference difference in in standardized standardized pressure pressure anomalies anomalies over over Tahiti Tahiti and and Darwin,Darwin,and and wind wind anomaly anomaly at at low low level level winds

11、 winds(850(850 mbs mbs level).level).WHAT IS SOUTHERN OSCILLATION?EL NIO CONDITIONEL NIO CONDITIONLA NIA CONDITIONLA NIA CONDITIONAustraliaHLHLAustraliaCOMBINED EFFECT OF EL NIO-SOUTHERN COMBINED EFFECT OF EL NIO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION(ENSO)IN THE TROPICAL PACIFICOSCILLATION(ENSO)IN THE TROPICAL PACIF

12、ICGLOBAL IMPACT OF EL NIO-SOUTHERN GLOBAL IMPACT OF EL NIO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION(ENSO)OSCILLATION(ENSO)EL NIOEL NIOLA NIALA NIAEL NIOEL NIOLA NIALA NIAIMPACTS OF ENSO and NON-ENSO ON IMPACTS OF ENSO and NON-ENSO ON PHILIPPINE ANNUAL RAINFALLPHILIPPINE ANNUAL RAINFALLREDRED colored years arecolored ye

13、ars are EL NINOEL NINO years,years,Legend:Potential Legend:Potential Areas Under Areas Under Severe drought Severe drought impactsimpactsDrought impacts Drought impacts with major losseswith major lossesModerate drought Moderate drought impactsimpactsNear normal to Near normal to above normal above

14、normal conditionconditionWay above Way above normal conditionnormal conditionFlood damageFlood damageSevere flood Severe flood damagedamageBLUEBLUE colored years are colored years are LA NINALA NINA years yearsand and BLACKBLACK colored years are colored years are NON_ENSONON_ENSO years yearsDuring

15、El Nio EpisodeDuring La Nia Episode Drier weather conditionsWetter weather conditionsInitial results of diagnostic and statistical studies on Initial results of diagnostic and statistical studies on general influences of ENSO on Philippine climategeneral influences of ENSO on Philippine climateWeak

16、monsoon activityWeak tropical cyclones activityBelow normal rainfallAbove normal air temperatures-occurrence of isolated heavy rainfall in short duration-delayed onset of the rainy season-early termination of the rainy season-tropical cyclones follow tracks further off the Philippines-less number of

17、 tropical cyclones entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility(PAR)Above normal rainfallNear-to-below normal air temperaturesModerate to Strong tropical cyclones activityModerate to strong monsoon activity-increased cloudiness and widespread rains-near normal cyclone tracks(near and/or crossing the country)-near normal to early onset of the rainy season-near-to-above normal cyclone occurrences in the PAR-rain-effective cyclonesFormoreinformation,VISITusathttp:/