课件里的汉译英(重庆大学).doc

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1、Unit11. 三年研究生经历不仅仅是听听课、参加研讨会、做研究-它还对我们的未来做好准备，为我们的事业成功铺平道路。The three-year graduate experience is more than listening to the lecture, attending the symposium and doing researchits about preparing ourselves for the future and paving the way for our successful careers.2. 多数研究者花大量的时间阅读论文，与同事讨论想法，写作，修改论文

2、，其间会毫无表情的凝视天空自然就有了出色的想法并跃然纸上。Most researchers spend the majority of their time reading papers, discussing ideas with colleagues, writing and revising papers, staring blankly into spaceand, of course, having brilliant ideas and implementing them.3.没法找人与你共事：如果有别人与你讨论想法并给你反馈意见，做研究就容易多了。Try to find peop

3、le to work with you: doing research is much easier if you have someone to discuss ideas with you and to give you feedback.4.科技英语的主要功能是解释事实，传递信息，因此在表达上的清晰，简洁，准确对科技英语是极为重要的。Since the main function of scientific English is to explain facts and convey information, clarity, conciseness and accuracy in ex

4、pression are very important to it.5. 在我看来, 外语学习者所取得的每一微小的进步都应得到教师的鼓励。In my opinion, every little progress a foreign language learner makes should meet with encouragement from the teacher.6. 自学与我们终生相伴。要跟上21世纪世界的快速发展和变化，我们得不断地提高自己。Self-education stays with us throughout our lives. In order to keep up

5、with the worlds rapid development and changes of the 21st century, we have to keep on trying hard to improve ourselves.7. 人们决定学习外语也许有多种理由。也许是为了满足某种公共考试要求的直接目的，或者为了从国外度假中获得更大乐趣和享受；商人也许不得不直接或间接处理外国信函；研究者也许认识到，不用等待翻译人员，就能阅读外国报刊杂志刚刚发表的有关学科最新进展的报告是何等重要。学习一门新的语言意味着接近一个新世界，肯定会使学习者获得更广阔的智力体验。People may deci

6、de to study foreign languages for various reasons. They may do so for the immediate purpose of satisfying the requirements of some public examination or of getting greater fun and enjoyment out of a holiday abroad. Men of business may have to deal directly or indirectly with foreign correspondence a

7、nd researchers may realize the importance of being able to read the latest accounts of advances made in their subject as soon as they are published in foreign journals, without waiting for a translator. Learning a new language implies approaching a new world, and it inevitably leads to a widening of

8、 intellectual experience.8. (P. 3.) A patent is an official document by which inventors can control the right to use his invention. When granted to an inventor, a patent, for a long period of time, excludes others from manufacturing, using or selling the device or system covered by the patent anywhe

9、re inthe country. unit21. 对人们行为的多年观察使我能够得出这样的结论：平庸和成功的主要区别仅仅在于相关的个人。成功的个人不断寻求进步，而他们比较懒惰的同时代人仅仅满足于现状。Years of observing human behavior have enabled me to conclude that the major difference between mediocrity and success lies solely (only) with the individual concerned. Successful individuals consiste

10、ntly seek advancement, while their less industrious contemporaries are merely content with the status quo (present situation).2.老师训练孩子如何与同龄人交往以及如何表现出主见和自信，这无疑是孩子人生中非常重要的一课。Teachers train children how to deal with peers and how to assert themselves, which undoubtedly is a very important lesson in the

11、ir life. (show authority and self-confidence)3. 如果一个人想获得成功，他首先须作的是设定一项合理的，可操作的目标。这是成功的基本条件。If one wishes to be successful, the first thing he has to do is to set / arrange / fix/ decide on a reasonable, manageable goal, which is the basic condition for success. 4. 获得成功说起来比做起来容易，然而坚持不懈确实会有好结果。成功人士的最重

12、要的特征之一是自信，另一个是渴望，还有一个是决心。世界上大多数杰出的科学家认为是刻苦努力而非智力使他们获得了巨大的成功。While achieving success is easier said than done, persistence does in fact pay off. One of the most important traits of a successful person is self-confidence, another is desire, and still another is determination. Most leading (most import

13、ant; outstanding) scientists in the world have considered (regard as) their great success (to be) the result of their hard work rather than their intelligence.5. 最后我要说的是，如果一个人觉得成功就意味着做高官，那可能是一剂毒药，因为当你坐不到某个位置时你就可能觉得不成功；如果你认为成功就是赚大钱，那也可能是一剂毒药，因为你会发现身边总有比你更有钱的人。可以这么说，成功是一种状态，是一种积极、向上、乐观、友善、对别人有益的状态；你不仅

14、能使自己愉快，也能使别人愉快且积极向上那就是我心中的成功。 Lastly, what I want to say is that it may be a poison if one thinks success means being a high-ranking official, because you may think you are unsuccessful if you can not take certain position; that also may be a poison if you believe success means earning big money, be

15、cause you always find the richer by your side. It can be said that success is a state, a positive, progressive, optimistic, friendly, helpful state. You can not only make yourself happy, but also other people happy and positive that is the success in my mind. 6. 生命的意义何在？有什么衡量标准吗？提出一个绝对的标准虽说有困难, 但一般而

16、言，看一个人对待生活的态度是否认真，看他对待工作和生活的态度如何，就不难对一个人生存的真正意义做出判断了。从古至今一切有成就的人都认真地对待自己的生活。只要活着，他们宁愿更多地投身于工作和研究, 也不愿让一分钟在徒劳无功中流逝。Whats the significance of life? Is there any criterion for its measurement? Although it is difficult to advance an absolute one, it will not be so difficult to judge the very meaning of

17、ones existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life. Throughout the ages, all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously. As long as they are alive, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minut

18、e slip by in vain.7. 感恩是一项重要的人生哲学，是生活的大智慧。人生在世，任何人都不可能时时幸运成功。对于各种失败和不幸，我们应该学会豁达大度，勇敢面对，并想办法解决。如此，我们是应该抱怨生活，从此沮丧气馁呢？还是对生活满怀感恩之心，跌倒后再爬起来呢? 如果对生活感恩，你的生命将充满灿烂的阳光；如果一味怨恨，终将一无所获。 Being grateful is an important philosophy of life and a great wisdom. It is impossible for anyone to be lucky and successful al

19、l the time so long as he lives in the world. We should learn how to face failure or misfortune bravely and generously and to try to deal with it. If so, should we complain about our life and become frustrated and disappointed ever since then or should we be grateful for our life, rise again after a

20、fall? If you are grateful to life, it will bring you shining sunlight. If you always complain about everything, you may own nothing in the end.8. (P. 12.)As everybody knows, ability and performance are not always consistent (in agreement). Some people who have potentials might fail due to their lack

21、 of effort or interest in the job, while some average people could often make a remarkable achievement because of their hard work and loyalty to the employer. Therefore, the final evaluation (assessment) of an employee should obviously be based on this real performance.Unit31.常言道“入乡随俗”，无论你身在何处都必须遵守当

22、地的习俗，否则你会发现自己令人讨厌。Just as the saying goes “When in Rome do as the Romans do”, youll have to observe the local customs wherever you are; otherwise, youll find yourself offensive to others.2. 由于现代技术和经济全球化促成了世界村的出现，我们强烈地感受到跨文化的影响正日益渗入我们的国民生活中。With the advent of the global village brought about by moder

23、n technologies and economic globalization, we have a strong sense that cross-cultural influences are increasingly penetrating into our national life.3. “全球市场”包含全世界大多数国家，其习俗、生活方式和购物习惯都不同，因此，营销商们亟须考虑这些差异。The “global market” consists of most of the countries in the world, each with its own customs, lif

24、e styles, and shopping habits, and marketers are urged to take these differences into account.4. 诺贝尔奖获得者建议，人类要生存下去，就必须及时地回到25个世纪以前去吸取孔子的智慧。这是第一次诺贝尔奖得主国际会议在对“面向21世纪”这个主题进行探讨后得出的一个结论。(1988巴黎)Nobel prize winners have suggested that if mankind is to survive it must go back 25 centuries in time to tap (e

25、xtract or obtain) the wisdom of Confucius. This was one of the conclusions reached at the first international conference of Nobel prize winners after deliberating (consider or talk carefully) over the theme Facing the 21st century. 5. 在中国改革开放的过程中, 学习外语变得越来越重要, 其价值从来没有像今天这样明显。诸如电子邮件, 电视会议和互联网这类日益快捷的沟

26、通方式使得我们有机会与世界各地的人接触。我们的职业生涯和个人生活将在一定程度上有赖于与其他文化的人们进行有效沟通并由此得到充实。In the process of Chinas reform and opening-up, learning a foreign language has become more and more important and its value has never been so apparent as it is today. Ever-faster modes of communication such as e-mail, video-conference,

27、 and the Internet have brought us chances to contact with people around the world. To some extent, our professional careers and personal lives will depend on and be enriched by effective communication with people of other cultures.6. 现在许多人日益意识到学习一门外语的重要性。对他们来说，掌握一门外语，如英语，常常意味着给职业生涯带来好机会，甚至是走向富裕成功未来的

28、通行证。许多人把人生的成功与使用外语的能力相提并论。Now people become increasingly aware of the importance of learning a foreign language. To them, a mastery of a foreign language, say, English, often means a good opportunity for ones career, even a passport to a prosperous future. Many of them equate success in life with th

29、e ability of using a foreign language.7. (P. 19.) Culture is the best medium for different people of different countries to understand each other. Through holding cultural festivals, many cities in China have become better known to the world. It has been proved that this is one of the best ways to p

30、romote the exchange between the people of China and other parts of the world. The exchange has not been confined to culture but extended to the economic and other fields.Unit41. 这家公司由于经营不善，几年前还处于困境中，但领导人更换后公司生产业绩就出现了转机。This company was in a difficult situation because of the poor management. However

31、, the change of leader led to a turnaround in the production performance. 2. 投资者通常要考虑风险，并在一定的风险程度下最大限度得增加收益，而且只有在收益较高的情况下他们才接受较大的风险。Investors often consider risks and they maximize returns for a given level of risk and generally accept a higher risk only if returns are higher. 3. 中国和美国有许多共同之处。首先，两个都

32、是世界主要强国。第二，两个国家相互提供发展的有利因素中国拥有巨大的潜在市场和廉价的劳动力，美国拥有先进的技术和专业的管理知识。China and United States share many things (havein common). Firstly, both are major world powers. Secondly, the two nations offer mutually beneficial factors for developmentChina with its vast potential market and cheap labor force, and t

33、he U.S. with its advanced technology and management expertise. 4. 企业间更密切的合作是当今企业发展的一大趋势。中国将进一步发展经济，扩大对外开放，为海外企业提供更多商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业已积极有力地开展了经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业在帮助中国企业发展的同时也在合作中获得了利益，因此是互利共赢的。中国政府愿意继续提供便利设施和必要条件，以促使中国企业与海外企业更密切合作。Closer cooperation between enterprises is a major trend in enterpri

34、se development today. China will develop its economy further and open itself still wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since Chinas reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have vigorously undertaken (started) economic and technical coopera

35、tion with overseas enterprises and scored (achieved; make) tremendous achievements. While helping Chinese enterprises develop, overseas enterprises have also benefited from the cooperation, hence mutual benefit and win-win. The Chinese Government stands (remain without change) ready to continue to o

36、ffer facilities and necessary conditions for closer cooperation between Chinese enterprises and their overseas counterparts. 5.(P. 25.) Over (In) the past two decades no country in the world has expanded (increased) its foreign trade as fast as China. Japan took (spent time doing sth) more than 20 y

37、ears to double its foreign trade, while China, for the same length of time, has quadrupled its foreign trade (has increased its foreign trade by three times). Already the worlds third largest producer (manufacturer) of electric appliances, China is now playing a major role in the global (world) mark

38、et of the electric wares (goods). China has also become a major producer of labor-intensive manufactured goods in the world.Unit51. 把他添上，名单就全了。His addition completed the list. 2. 我现在不便还书。 It is not convenient for me to return the book now.3. 因病请假不扣工资。No deduction in pay is made because of absence of

39、 leave due to illness.4. 这一目标的实现，最直接收益的是老百姓，他们住得更宽敞了，更舒服了。 The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal. 5. 其实（老实说），撇开数学，绕过一大堆公式，一门学科的基本原理还是可以被我们理解和欣赏的。 To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass (avoid) the abundant formulas, th

40、e basic principles of the discipline (subject) are understandable and appreciable. 6. 无论是外人入境，或是文化渗透，他们都无法控制。They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally. 7. 认识落后，才能去改变落后，学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。Backwardness must be recognized before it can be changed. A person must learn from

41、 the advanced before he can catch up with and surpass them.8. 在过去的20年中，世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国那么快。Over the past two decades no country in the world has expanded its foreign trade as fast as China.9. 当问起世界上现在最大的问题是什么，许多人说是严重的能源危机。他们担心人类不久会用完石油、发生食品短缺。但有些人则持乐观的看法。他们把能源危机看成是经济发展的自然结果，而且相信只有随着经济和技术的进一步发展才

42、能得以解决。 When asked about the biggest problem today, many people say that it is the serious energy crisis. They are afraid that the world will soon run out of oil and run short of food. But other people hold optimistic views: they regard it as a natural result of the economic development and believe i

43、t will be only solved with further advances in economy and technology. 10. 一位著名思想家曾经写道：“对人类最大的威胁是人类自身！” 如果事实确实如此，那么这一现状应该促使我们仔细思索我们未来的生存。这一新现象涉及好些个复杂因素，要找到原因远非易事。例如，一些科学家把环境的恶化归结为系列的自然因素，而另一些人则把责任单单归咎于人类不适当的行为。A famous thinker once wrote that the greatest threat to mankind is mankind itself ! If thi

44、s is indeed the case, then the current situation should make us ponder (think about carefully and for a long time) our future existence. Identifying the reasons for an emerging phenomenon which involves several complicated factors is far from an easy task. For example, some scientists attribute envi

45、ronmental deterioration to a series of natural factors, while others place the blame solely on inappropriate human behavior. 11. 如今，消费者们越来越担忧他们的日常饮食的安全性和营养质量。人们普遍认为，只有食用绿色食品才能防治疾病或提供其它健康好处。大多数绿色食品似乎有一共同点，即它们的价格高于以常规方式种植的食物。但在许多情况下，如果消费者相信绿色食品能维持健康, 且能提供比常规方式生产的食品更高的营养价值，那么他们被误导了。因此, 如果消费者们，尤其是那些收入有限

46、的消费者们，怀疑常规的食物供给而只购买昂贵的绿色食品，那就真有理由令人担忧了。Today, there is a growing concern of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of their daily diet. It is generally agreed that only eating green foods can prevent or cure disease or provides other benefits to health. Most green food products seem to have

47、 in common that they cost more than conventionally grown foods. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe green foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause (reason) for concern if consumers particularly those w

48、ith limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.12. 转基因技术使人类可以对生物生命进行“任意修改”。因此，科学家们担心，由这种技术创造出来的新型遗传基因和生物可能会有害于人类。它们可能对生态造成新的污染，即所谓的遗传污染，而这种新的污染源很难消除。另外，转基因农作物和以此为原料制造的转基因食品对人类是否安全还尚无定论。Transgenic technology enables human beings to modify (change st

49、h slightly) the lives of any living beings (creatures) at will. Therefore, scientists worry (fear) that the new transgenic genes and animals (living beings) created (produced) through this technology will do harm to (be harmful to) human beings. They may create (cause/produce) new pollution to the ecosystem, namely (that is to say) the so-called genetic poll