跨文化交际实用教程-unit3-熊萍萍ppt课件.ppt

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1、Unit3Unit3 DailyVerbalCommunication(II)2ObjectivesLearnthesocialfunctionsofcomplimentsandcomplimentresponsesLearnthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcompliments/complimentresposesLearnthedifferentexpressionsofgratitudeandapologyinEnglishandChinese3CONTENTSI.Warm-upcasesII.DetailedStudy:Socialfunct

2、ionsofcomplimentsComplimentsandcomplimentresponsesDifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcomplimentsCommonresponseformulasofEnglishandChinesecomplimentsExpressionsofgratitudeandapologyinEnglishandChineseIII.CaseStudyIV.SummaryV.Assignments4Case1.AnInvitationtoDinnerI.Warm-upcasesQuestion:Ifyouwerethedir

3、ectorandchosentomediatethissituation,whatwouldyoudotoensurenottooffendeitherparty?HowwouldyouexplainBartsbehaviortoManual?HowwouldyouexplainManualstoBart?5Case2.TheCancellationoftheDinnerPartyComment:1.In New Zealand,a friend can openlyprovideconstructivecriticism.IfStandidnotmake such suggestions t

4、o a friend in hiscountry,thefriendwouldbeangrythatStandidnothelphimwhenhehadthechance.2.InPhilippines,apersoncannotbeafriendandacriticatthesametime,oratleastnotinpublic.Stanshouldfindsomeotherway(acceptable to the Filipinos)to voice hiscomments.6Case3Whyshouldtheydolikethis?Comment:1.TheBritishpeopl

5、emaintaintheiretiquetteandsocialmannersevenwhentheyareveryexcited.2.TheFilipinocoupledidnotintroducetheirFilipinofriendtohim3.TheFilipinosweretalkingintheirownnativelanguage.NodoubttheBritishfeltleftout,whichisunacceptableandrarelyoccursonsocialoccasionsinBritain.4.Whenimmigrantsmeetinaforeigncountr

6、y,theytendtotakenonoticeoftheirsurroundings/peoplearound,whichisconsideredtoberudeandrequiresattention.7II.ComplimentsA.SocialfunctionsofcomplimentsB.ComplimentandcomplimentresponsesC.DifferencesbetweenChinesecomplimentsandEnglishcompliments(semanticformulaandsyntacticformula)D.Commonresponseformula

7、sinEnglishandChineseE.Differentculturalassumptionsaboutcompliment8WorkingroupstodiscussthesocialfunctionsofComplimentsEg.greetingpeople,.Socialfunctionsofcompliments9OnbehalfofallyourAmericanguests,IwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousforthroughoutthewor

8、ld.Iparticularlywanttopaytribute,notonlytothosewhopreparedthemagnificentdinner,butalsotothosewhohaveprovidedthesplendidmusic.NeverhaveIheardAmericanmusicplayedbetterinaforeignland.-byPresidentNixonatawelcomingpartyinhis1972visittoChinaQ:WhatisthesocialfunctionofNixonscompliment?Case110(Abossmeetshis

9、youngfemaleemployeeinthemorning)A:Well,youlookgoodtoday.Youhavesuchniceclothes.B.Thankyou.Ihavehadthisforawhile.(Twoacquaintancesmeetinthestreet)A:Hi,Pat.Howareyoudoing?Youlooknice.B:Thanks,Anne.Sodoyou.MoreCases11A:ThanksfortheChristmaspresentyousentme.ItssoniceandjustwhatIneeded.B:Imgladyoulikeit.

10、(Twofriendsdecidetomakeupafteraquarrel.Onecomestotheapartmentoftheother.)A:Hi,Mary.Howareyou?B:OK.Howareyou?A:Imfine.(pause)B:Oh,thisvaseisreallypretty,whendidyougetit?12Socialfunctionsofcompliments1.Tocreateorreinforcesolidarity2.Togreetpeople3.Toexpressthanksorcongratulations4.Toencourageagingpeop

11、le5.Tosoftencriticism6.Tostartaconversation7.Toovercomeembarrassment13Positive Functionsof ComplimentsItsagoodmannertocomplimentothers.Asincere complimentisalwaysawelcomeboosttosomeonesday.Ithelpsopen up conversations,give people a lift,and raise ones self-esteem14Ittakesconfidenceandself-esteemtono

12、ticegoodthingsaboutothersandtomakethefirstcaringmovetotellthemaboutitYoullalsofindwhenyoustartnoticinggoodthingsaboutpeople,youllnoticemoregoodthingsaboutyoutoo!Andthe moreyoudo,the moreyourownself-esteemwillgrow.-RaisesYourGivingCompliments15Think about itHow often do you compliment the others?How

13、do you feel when you are complimented?How do Chinese/English speakers respond to compliments?16WorkinPairstoactoutthefollowingtwocases:a.AyoungChinesewomanintheU.S.wascomplimentedbyanAmericanwomanforthelovelydressshewaswearing:“Itsexquisite.Thecolorsaresobeautiful!”Shewaspleasedbutsomewhatembarrasse

14、d.IntypicalChinesefashion,shereplied,“Oh,itsjustanordinarydressIboughtinChina.”17b.AtareceptionatanAmericancollege,Mr.Chen,anewly-arrivedChinesescholar,waschattingwiththehostess.Asanacquaintanceofthehostessapproached,shesaid,“Ron,letmeintroduceMr.Chen,anoutstandingphysicistandoneofthenicestpeopleIkn

15、ow.”Mr.Chenofferedhishandtothenewcomerbutlookedatthehostessandsaidwithasmile,“ShouldIblush,orshouldItellhimyoudontreallymeanit?”18Discussion1.Inbothcases,whatmessageisconveyedbythewordsoftheChinese?2.Whatistheintention/implicationoftheChinese?19Discusshowyouwouldrespondinthefollowingsituationsandact

16、themout.a.Aforeignvisitorwaslookingatthehostspottedflowerswithobviousadmiration.Theplantswerebloomingprofusely.Thehostremarkeddiffidently,“Growing flowers is my hobby,but Im not much good at it.”b.ACanadianaskedaChineseartteachertolookoveranarticlethatshehadwrittenaboutChinesepaintings.Heagreed,buta

17、ddedthat“I really know little about the subject.”20ComplimentsandcomplimentsresponsesFishingforcompliments“Growingflowersismyhobby,butImnotmuchgoodatit”-“Buttheseflowersarebeautiful”“IwishIcoulddoaswell!”21Fishingforcompliments“Ireallyknowlittleaboutthesubject.”-“Well,Icertainlydontknowanybodywhokno

18、wsmorethanyoudo!”22ChinesecomplimentsChinaisanoldcountrywithfivethousandyearscultureandcivilizationandknownforitsetiquette.23InfluencedbytheideaofConfucius,peopleextremelyvaluethepolitenessandregardmodestyasavirtueinthecommunication.whentheycommunicatewithothers,withapoliteandmodestpattern,theyareof

19、tenconsiderateandunwillingtoannoyothersandtomakeothersfeelembarrassed.24要欣赏赞美别人。林肯说：人人爱听恭要欣赏赞美别人。林肯说：人人爱听恭维的话。恭维别人，不是虚伪。恭维别维的话。恭维别人，不是虚伪。恭维别人，就是肯定对方的价值。增强他的信人，就是肯定对方的价值。增强他的信心和勇气便于顺利交流，这是于人于己心和勇气便于顺利交流，这是于人于己都有利的好习惯。他是改良人际关系的都有利的好习惯。他是改良人际关系的催化剂。学会了赞美别人，你看人的角催化剂。学会了赞美别人，你看人的角度都发生了变化，再不会把别人看成豆度都发生了变化

20、，再不会把别人看成豆腐渣了。事实上，人人都是有你值得学腐渣了。事实上，人人都是有你值得学习和肯定的地方的。习和肯定的地方的。Westerncompliments25Englishcompliments西方人有一种习惯，见面除谈天气以外，喜欢向对西方人有一种习惯，见面除谈天气以外，喜欢向对方说一些恭维话（方说一些恭维话（compliment）,表示赞美、敬意，表示赞美、敬意，或只是表示问候，或没话找话的搭讪。恭维话的范或只是表示问候，或没话找话的搭讪。恭维话的范围很广，从人的相貌、服装、首饰，到发型、健康围很广，从人的相貌、服装、首饰，到发型、健康状况，甚至会恭维你佩戴的一只手表、一只钢笔。状况

21、，甚至会恭维你佩戴的一只手表、一只钢笔。有人主张，听到恭维话后，只需简单地回答有人主张，听到恭维话后，只需简单地回答“Thankyou.”这固然不错，然而在实际生活中，恭维话往这固然不错，然而在实际生活中，恭维话往往有许多不同情况，因此，回应也不应千篇一律。往有许多不同情况，因此，回应也不应千篇一律。顺便说一下，恭维话必须恰到好处，不能过分，否顺便说一下，恭维话必须恰到好处，不能过分，否则就变成挖苦了。则就变成挖苦了。26DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishComplimentsW:Itiscommonforamantoinformallygiveawoman

22、complimentsonherlooksorclothingC:Itistakenasakindofflirtationifamancomplimentsawoman27Chinesepeoplecomplimenteachothermuchlessfrequentlythanwesternersdo.ChinesepeopletrytodrawalinebetweencomplimentandflatteryChinesepeopleinterpretotherspositivecomplimentsasarequestforpossessingsomething.28TheSemanti

23、cFormulaEnglishcompliments:AdjectivesVerbsThiswasagreatmeal.Youlooksonicetoday.Youdidagoodjob.Ilikeyourhaircut.Iloveyourglasses.Ireallyenjoyedyourclass29ChinesecomplimentsAdjectivesadverbsverbsYourskirtisverypretty.Thisroomisreallygood.Yourereallyanexperiencedteacher.Youdidthejobverywell.Youtreatpeo

24、plesincerely.Iespeciallylikethecolorofyourblouse.Youdeservebeingpraised.30TheSyntacticFormulaNPADJPROVADVOEnglish:NPis/looksreallyADJ(53%)Yourblouselooksbeautiful.Youaresoefficient.Ireallylike/loveNPIreallylikeyourhardwoodfloors.Thatsreallyabeautifulcar.31pSyntacticpatternsinEnglishcomplimentThreema

25、jorpatterns(about80%ofallcomplimentscollected)pNPbe/look(intensifier)ADJ“Youlookreallynice.”ADJincludes:nice,good,beautiful,pretty,great,wonderful,lovely(Thisset=2/3ofallADJusedindata).pI(intensifier)like/loveNP“Ireallylikethatskirt.”VERBincludes:like,love.enjoy,admire,beimpressedbypPRObe(intensifie

26、r)(a)ADJNP“Thatsreallyanicecoat.”Formulaic(orconventional)Language:averylimitedsubsetofEnglishsentencestructureandvocabulary(andtopics)isusedtogivecompliments.TheSyntacticFormula32pTopicsAppearancepclothes,hairdo(resultsofdeliberateeffort)Ability(skill)/performancepawell-donejob,askillfullyplayedgam

27、e,agoodmealPersonality/friendshipp“Thatwaskind.”Possessionsp“Ilikeyournewbike.”33ChineseYouVADVYoudidthejobwell.NPisADJYourcoatisreallybeautiful.PROisADJNPThatsawonderfulwallcalendar.PROVOYoudeservebeinghonored.IlikeNPIlikethispicture.34C&EMore Chinese compliments begin with“you”or“your”;while Engli

28、sh compliments with“I”.More English compliments contain exaggerated adjectives like great,awesome,terrific,gorgeous,fabulous,smart35Dontpraisepeople,only,whattheydoMakepraiseasspecificaspossibleAvoidphony(假的假的)praiseAvoidpraisethatsetsupcompetitionHowToGiveAGoodCompliment36A-Accurate:Thecomplimentha

29、stoaccuratelyrefertowhathashappenedandwhatthepersonhasdone.BBelievable:Thecomplimentshouldnotbeanexaggerationbutrealistic.CConstructive:Thecomplimentshouldrefertowhatthepersonwantstoachieveandbeusefulformakingprogress.372)Back up your compliment.Dontjuststopat“thatnecklacelooksreallygoodonyou”.Yourc

30、omplimentbecomesstrongerwhenyousaywhyyouthinkso;“thatnecklacelooksreallygoodonyoubecause it matches your eyes”.1)Make your compliment specific.“Thatnecklacelooksreallygoodonyou”makesabigger impactcomparedto“youlookreallygoodtoday”.Themorespecificthebetter,itmakesthepersonfeellikeyounoticethem.383)As

31、k a question with your compliment.Andifyouwanttouseitasaconversationalstarter,askaquestionaboutthesubjectofyourcompliment;“thatnecklacelooksreallygoodonyoubecauseitmatchesyoureyes.Where did you find it?”.Letmesay,youlookterrific,yoursenseofstyleisspot-on.Are you a designer of some sort?39ResponseFor

32、mulasofEandCcomplimentsAmericanEnglishA:Thisisreallyanicesweater.B:Imgladyoulikeit.A:Youdidagoodjob.B:Thankyou/Thanks.Chinese:A:Yoursweaterisverygood.B:Iboughtitonlyfortenyuan.A:Youdidthejobverywell.B:Thatstheresultofjointefforts./Theresstillmuchroomforimprovement.40Generallyspeaking,nativeEnglishsp

33、eakerstendtoacceptthecomplimentswhiletheChinesetendtoeffacethemselvesinwordsalthoughtheydofeelcomfortableaboutthecompliments.Sometimeshumorousresponsescouldbeusedwhenwithintimatefriends.41Westernersusuallyacceptcomplimentsgladly.thanks.thatissokind(regardingadress)thankyou.Igotitasapresent.42Peoplef

34、romEastern culturetrytoreducetheextentofthecomplimentandalwayswanttoappear inferiortoothers.“Yourdresslooksgreat.”No,its not.Your dress is better than mine.43InChineseculture,whenyouarepaidacompliment,itiscustomarytodeflect转移转移thecomplimentbyspeaking badly of oneself:Youareverygoodatthepiano!Well,I

35、can only play a few songs.Youdidagreatjob!No,it was the efforts of everyone supporting me that made it possible.44Englishcomplimentsresponses1赞同型赞同型（西方国家多数人听到恭维后采用这种类型的回应）（西方国家多数人听到恭维后采用这种类型的回应）（1）接受恭维，心安理得接受恭维，心安理得欣赏对方对自己的恭维欣赏对方对自己的恭维A:Ireallylikethatshirt.B:Thanks./Thankyou./(Smile)加以解释、评论加以解释、评论A

36、:Ilikeyourlonghair.B:Me,too./Thanks,itsmyfavorite,too.赞美升级赞美升级A:Well,youhaveagreathaircut.B:ThatsbecauseIhavethegreatesthairdresserintheworld.（2）叙述来历，不厌其烦叙述来历，不厌其烦A:Ilikeyourshoes.Theyarecute.B:Igotthesetwoyearsago.Mydressshoesworeout,soIwenttothemallwith$20andgotthese.45（3）转移目标，暗自接受恭维转移目标，暗自接受恭维不直接

37、回答对方的恭维，而是重述一句，暗含对恭维的接受不直接回答对方的恭维，而是重述一句，暗含对恭维的接受A:Thatsbeautifulnecklace.B:Itwasmygrandmothers.用同样的恭维回敬对方用同样的恭维回敬对方A:Ilikeyourshirt,Sharon.B:Thanks,Deb.Ilikeyours,too.2反对型反对型（1）降格，即暗示对方的恭维有不适之词降格，即暗示对方的恭维有不适之词A:Hey,thatsareallynicecar.B:Youshouldhaveseenittwoyearsagowhenitwasnew.Itdidnthavethedents

38、(凹痕凹痕)then.(2)质疑质疑A:Nicesweater.B:Doyoureallythinkso?/What?Areyoukidding?/Youlikeit?46婉转接受，而后用婉转接受，而后用though,but,well等词引入否定含义的回应等词引入否定含义的回应A:Youlookgoodinamoustache.B:Yeah,butititches.Itsallright,butLeosisnicer.(3)不接受不接受不赞成不赞成A:Yourhairlooksgood.B:Itstooshort./Ihateit.(4)不置可否不置可否（不接话茬，或沉默）（不接话茬，或沉默）

39、A:Thatsabeautifulsweater.B:Didyoufinishtheassignmentfortoday?/(Silence)3其他型其他型（将对方的恭维当作一种要求）（将对方的恭维当作一种要求）A:Thatsanicebike.B:Well,youcanborrowitanytime./Letmeknowifyouwanttoborrowit.47Cultural assumptions“Ones sugar may be another ones poison”.How do think of this saying?What is“assumption”?What is“

40、cultural assumption”?48CulturalAssumption“Good”referstooneshealth,appearanceandmannerinbothEandCcultures“Losingweight”meansgoodinEculturebutnotgoodinCculture“puttingonweight”canbeacomplimenttoChinesebutoffensivetoAmericans49CaseStudy1Story:AChinesegovernmentofficialwenttovisitanEnglishdiplomatwithhi

41、swifeandaninterpreter.Aftertheroutinegreetings,theEnglishdiplomatsaidtotheofficial,“Yourwifeisverypretty.”Theofficialresponded,“哪里，哪里，哪里哪里”todenythefact.Thetheinterpretertranslateditas,“Notatall!”Thediplomatwasastonishedandsaid,“Ofcoursesheis.”Hearingthisreply,theofficialwasveryannoyed,asheconsidere

42、ditaninsultaccordingtohisownculturalbackground.Q1:WhatdoyouthinkoftheChineseofficialsresponsetothecompliment?Q2:Whatwouldyouranswerbetoit?50CaseStudy2LiHongisanewteacherinamiddleschool.Oneday,oneofherChinesecolleagues,YangZhen,introduceshertotheirmiddle-agedexpatriateteacherMaggy.Yang:LiHong,thisisM

43、aggy,ourEnglishteacherfromAmerica.AndMaggy,thisisLiHong,ournewcolleague.LiandMaggy:Howdoyoudo!Maggy:Yoursweaterissosmart.Li:Oh,itisonlyanoldone.Iboughtitlastyear.Maggy:Youresoyoungandsmart.Iamsureyouareagoodteacher.Li:No,no.Iamjustanewcomer.Ishouldlearnfromyouoldteachers.Maggylookssurprisedandthinks

44、,“Iamreallysoold?”51CaseStudy3YangyanghasinvitedaCanadianfriend,Julia,toherhomeforameal.Unfortunately,theoccasiongetsofftoaratherbumpystart.YangYang:Hi,Julia,welcome!Comein,comein!Julia:Thankyouforinvitingme.Thisisalovelyroom.YangYang:Myroomisverysamllanduntidy.Pleasesitdownandhaveacupoftea.Youmustb

45、etiredonsuchahotday.Julia:Oh,yourroomisperfectlycleanandtidy!Andasforthewalk,Imverystrong,youknow.Iusuallywalkforatleastanhoureveryday.Dontyouthinkwalkingisagoodwaytokeepfit?YangYang:Yes,Ido.Dinnerisready.Pleasesitatthetable.Julia:Wow!Somanydishesfour!Theyalllookdelicious.YangYang:ImsorryImnotaveryg

46、oodcook.Theseareallcolddishes.52Lateroninthemeal,justbeforetheyfinishthecolddishes,fourhotdishesareplacedonthetable.Julia:Anotherfour!Theresonlytwoofuseating.YangYang:Nevermind,pleasetrymore.IamsorryIhavepreparedsolittle.Ifthereweremorepeople,therewouldbeeightcolddishesandeighthotdishes,becauseyouar

47、emydistinguishedguest.Julia:No,itsnottoolittle.Itsmorethanenough,“Goule,Goule.”Q1:WhyisJuliasurprised?Whatswrongwithherconversation?Q2:HowcanYangYangbeabetterhosttoherCanadianguestsoshecanhelpherlearnaboutChineseculture?53CaseStudyAppropriateMannerYangYang:Hi,Julia,welcome!Comein,comein!Julia:Thanky

48、ouforinvitingme.Thisisalovelyroom.YangYang:Thankyou.Pleasehaveaseat.Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?Julia:Yes,Iwould.YangYang:Wasitdifficulttofindmyplace?Julia:No,yourdirectionswereveryhelpful.YangYang:ItsonlyMay,butitsquitehotoutsidetoday.Howlongdidittakeyoutocomehere?Julia:Itonlytook30minutestogethere.Youre

49、right,itishot,butIdontmindthehotsun.YangYang:Yes,Ido.Dinnerisready.Pleasesitatthetable.Julia:Wow!Somanydishesfour!Theyalllookdelicious.54CaseStudyAppropriateMannerYangYang:Thankyou.Ipreparedthembymyself.Ihopeyoulikethem.Pleasehelpyourself.Julia:Theyredelicious.IdoenjoyChinesefoods.YangYang:Imgladyou

50、likethem.Butleavesomeroomforanotherfourhotdishes.Julia:Really?Anotherfour!Thisisarealfeast!YangYang:Youreright.YouknowinChina,numbershavesignificance,eventhenumberoffooddishesweserveaguest.Weprepareevennumbersbutnotthesingularones.Thefigure“eight”isaluckynumberinChinese,andtwosetsofeightdisheswouldb