新编英语教程4unit.ppt

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1、Unit 6Text I Predators,Parasites and Other Relationships Text II Slaughter of the Elephantv Text Iv Text IIv Oral Workv Guided Writingv Listeningv Pre-reading Activityv Structurev Vocabulary Acquisitionv Intensive Readingv Answer the Questions OrallyText 1:Predators,Parasites and Other Relationships

2、 1.Look up the following words in the dictionary.2.What subjects do you think this text is about?3.What type of writing is it?What do you anticipate?Text IPre-reading ActivityPredators,Parasites and Other Relationships1.Predator:a wild animal that lives on other animals by killing and eating them Pa

3、rasite:a plant or animal that lives on or in another and gets food from it Ecosystem:a system which relates all the plants,animals and people in an area to their surroundings2.The title of the text strongly suggests that it is an expository piece of writing on ecology.Text IPre-reading ActivityPreda

4、tors,Parasites and Other Relationships This is Earth and Sky.When you look at a farm or a ranch,you might think to yourself,thats where _ or _ products come from.You might see _ that goes into clothing,or wood for paper,construction or fuel.But Scott Swinton,agricultural economist from Michigan Stat

5、e University sees more.He knows that agricultural lands_ air and water,_ greenhouse gases,and provide _ for wild plants and animals.These extra _ are ones that some ecologists have called ecosystem services.And ecosystem services are really just things that ecosystems provide that humans care about

6、and that we like.Ecosystem services may not be bought and sold in a marketplace.But they have _.Swinton is planning a survey of Michigan citizens to ask what theyd pay for ecosystem services such as reduced erosion or runoff or more greenhouse gas storage.Its part of an effort to understand the valu

7、e on ecosystem services.Swinton also wants to understand how _ farming practices affect the ecosystem services that a piece of land provides.And then finally with those kinds of things understood,we can think about designing policy _ for farmers to produce more of these ecosystem services.Text IList

8、ening Practicecorndairycottonfilterstorehabitatbenefitsvaluespecific incentives Now,please underline the key words or phrases.Text IList of key words of each paragraph1.Predators include lions,wolves,robins,frogs,humans,etc.2.Humans are the greatest predators known3.Predators do not really have an e

9、asy time killing defenseless prey.Now,please underline the key words or phrases.Text IList of key words of each paragraph4.Parasites often spend an entire lifetime with their hosts.5.Man makes use of predators and parasites to control the number of some pests.This is called biological control.6.Para

10、sites and their hosts are closely associated with each other,and that is an example of symbiosis.Text IStructureExpositionTo support a generalization with a specific caseTo support an abstraction with a concrete instanceTo develops his material by offering examples and detailsTo use the common metho

11、d Of illustrating an idea by examplesText IVocabulary AcquisitionWrite down the definition of each word that fits the context.1.carnivore(L.4)2.prey on(L.17)3.superb(L.25)4.array(L.13)5.species(L.25)6.ad infinitum(L.38)7.deliberately(l.42)A flesh-eating animalHunt an animal of any kindexcellentA col

12、lectionA group of plants or animals of the same kindWithout end,forever(Latin)On purpose,intentionallySome predators,carnivores such as lions 1.A flesh-eating animal.食肉动物2.Any of various predatory,flesh-eating mammals of the order Carnivora,including the dogs,cats,bears,weasels,hyenas,and raccoons.食

13、肉动物：食肉目各种食肉性哺乳动物的一种，包括狗、猫、熊、鼬、鬣狗以及浣熊3.An insectivorous plant.食虫植物n.adj.carnivorousSometimes individual predators do prey upon farm animalsv.on/upon1.To hunt,catch,or eat as prey:捕食捕食2.To victimize or make a profit at someone elses expense.使使成为牺牲品：使成为牺牲品：使成为牺牲品或以损害他人谋利成为牺牲品或以损害他人谋利3.To plunder or pil

14、lage.抢劫或抢夺抢劫或抢夺4.To exert a baneful or injurious effect:折磨，使痛苦折磨，使痛苦prey:v.&n.Sometimes individual predators do prey upon farm animalsn.1.An animal hunted or caught for food;quarry.捕获物，猎物捕获物，猎物 2.One that is defenseless,especially in the face of attack;a victim.牺牲品牺牲品 3.The act or practice of preyin

15、g.捕猎，捕食捕猎，捕食词组：词组：1)be become,fall a prey to 成了成了.的受害者的受害者,受受.的折磨的折磨2)easy prey 容易捕获的猎物容易捕获的猎物;容易上钩者容易上钩者;头脑简单的人头脑简单的人3)make a prey of 把把.当作食物当作食物猎获物猎获物4)seek after ones prey 寻食寻食;寻求战利品寻求战利品prey upon Please translate:我不知道在动物世界里是否总是弱肉强食。我不知道在动物世界里是否总是弱肉强食。I dont know if it is always the case in the a

16、nimal world that stronger animals prey upon the weaker ones.People usually believe that predators have an easy time of it,killing defenseless prey.Please paraphrase:People usually think that predators do not have to make an effort to kill the prey animals,since they prey have no means of protecting

17、themselves.strength and size,and formidable claws and teethformidable:adj.1)Arousing fear,dread,or alarm:可怕的：引起恐惧或忧虑的：可怕的：引起恐惧或忧虑的：E.g.the formidable prospect of major surgery.2)Inspiring awe,admiration,or wonder:不可思议的：引起敬畏、钦佩或惊奇的：不可思议的：引起敬畏、钦佩或惊奇的：3)Difficult to undertake,surmount,or defeat:难对付的：难以

18、完成、克服或对付的：难对付的：难以完成、克服或对付的：E.g.a formidable challenge;a formidable opponent.My experience shows quite the contrary-the tiger has to work quiet hard for its meals,I estimate that,for every wild prey killed,the tiger makes twenty to thirty unsuccessful attempts.Please paraphrase:What I have gone throu

19、gh proves quiet opposite,i.e.,the tiger has to make a real effort to get something to cat.I would say that in order to catch one wild animal,the tiger has to try to make twenty to thirty attempts.If the wolf could capture prime,healthy prey,itprime 1.most important synonym main2.e.g.吸烟是引起肺病的主要原因。吸烟是

20、引起肺病的主要原因。3.Smoking is the prime cause of lung disease.4.我们主要关切是为所有毕业生提供工作岗位。我们主要关切是为所有毕业生提供工作岗位。5.Our prime concern is providing jobs for all the graduates.6.2.of the very best quality or kind The hotel is in a prime location overlooking the valley.3.be a prime candidate/target(for something)Old pe

21、ople are a prime target for thieves.4.prime example Blakey Hall is a prime example of a 19th century building.So,naturalists observe,a fleaHath smaller fleas than he on him prey;And these have smaller still to bite em,And so proceed ad infinitum.Please paraphrase:Naturalists have observed that fleas

22、 have smaller fleas living on and feeding off them,and these have even smaller fleas on them.This phenomenon continues almost indefinitely.扁虱扁虱fungi:n.真菌真菌,菌类菌类 singular:fungus bacteria:n.细菌细菌 singular:bacterium adj.bacteria-free 无菌的无菌的flatworm:n.扁形虫扁形虫tick:n.动扁虱动扁虱mite:n.螨类螨类Since there are many pa

23、rasitic fungi,bacteria,flatworms,insects,ticks,and mites.mongoosein hopes that 希望着希望着In the hope of 希望能希望能e.g.We came to the island in the hope of finding a simpler way of life.in vain hope 幻想地幻想地,空想地空想地last hope 最后的希望或被寄托最后希望的人最后的希望或被寄托最后希望的人live in hope(s)仍然希望情况会好转仍然希望情况会好转lose all hope(s)完全失望完全失望

24、elm spanwormbluebird controlling the importation of plants and animals to the U.S.importation:n.反：反：exportation1.The act or business of importing.进口：进口的生意或行为进口：进口的生意或行为2.The condition or process of being imported.3.进口：进口的状态或过程进口：进口的状态或过程4.3.Something imported;an import.输入物，进口货输入物，进口货词组：词组：duty-free

25、importation 免税进口免税进口foreign capital importation 引进外资引进外资unilateral importation exportation 单边进单边进出出口口Fish caller remoras attach themselves to sharks.They get a free ride and eat fragments of the sharks food.Please paraphrase:Remoras,a type of fish,cling themselves to sharks,go where the sharks go an

26、d eat bits of sharks food.There are many other commensal relationships in the mensal:adj.&n.Adj.Of,relating to,or characterized by a symbiotic relationship in which one species is benefited while the other is unaffected.共栖的，共生的共栖的，共生的n.An organism participating in a symbiotic relationship in which o

27、ne species derives some benefit while the other is unaffected.共生生物共生生物animals that depend on the host for shelter or food scraps.scrape:n.&v.n.1.A small piece or bit;a fragment.小块，少许；碎片小块，少许；碎片 2.scraps Leftover bits of food.scraps 残羹剩饭残羹剩饭 3.Discarded waste material,especially metal suitable for re

28、processing.废料：尤指可以回收的废金属废料：尤指可以回收的废金属v.tr.（及物动词）（及物动词）1.To break down into parts for disposal or salvage.打碎打碎 2.To discard as worthless;junk.废弃；抛弃废弃；抛弃The organism that make up a lichen couldnt survive long apart.Please paraphrase:The organisms that a lichen is composed of could not live long separa

29、tely.1.Why is the killing of elephants in some areas necessary?2.Why do some hunters refuse to school an elephant?3.Why is the planned mass slaughter of five thousand elephants in the Tsavo Game Park justified?4.In what way is an elephant different from other animals?5.What is humane about the metho

30、d used for killing elephants?6.What does”the affairs of men”mean?7.What is the authors attitude towards the slaughter of the elephants?What do you think of this attitude?Text IIExtensive Reading QuestionsSlaughter of the ElephantsImportant words:1.Slaughter2.Contemplate(L.2)3.Understandable(L.3)4.Be

31、ast(L.3)5.Fascination(L.4)6.Magnificent(L.5)7.Tread(L.6)8.Death throes(L.8)9.Justification(L.12)10.Massacre(L.12)11.air-to-ground radio(L.17)12.fatal/instantaneously(L.19)13.humane(L.20)14.14.Retreat(L.21)15.Density(L.23)16.Allocate(L.24)17.Diminish(L.25)18.Encroach(L.26)19.Altitude(L.29)20.Appetite

32、(L.30)21.Spray(L.36)22.Drift(L.42)Text IIPracticeWorkbook,Page 81,Comprehension Oral WorkFor or Against?Chen Ling and Yuan Hua are roommates.Chen Ling has read an article in todays newspaper on“For or Against Killing wolves”.Chen tells Yuan about it and,as they have different opinions,they begin to

33、argue.Oral WorkA Discussion on the Nuclear Power StationHere are some expressions which can be used to show disagreement:I dont think so.But it/you cant be You are wrong.It certainly isnt I never./I dont agree./Thats not true./Thats not the point.Why should they.?I doubt if that would work.What do y

34、ou say to the argument that?Prcis WritingParagraph WritingLetter WritingPrcis WritingPractice:write prcis of Atomic Cars A.Working in groups of two or three,choose the opening sentence from among the following on P75.B.Working in groups and decide which of the following details are necessary for the

35、 prcis.Paragraph WritingArgument:P751)What is the usage of argument?2)How many courses are there in an argument?Letter WritingAsking a Favor:P76Write a letter asking a favor.Write a letter asking a favor.Writer,Addressee,Introduction,Purpose,Conclusion,Endingv Listening Comprehensionv DictationListe

36、ning ListeningDictation AUseful Words and Expressions:*visual artist 视觉艺术家视觉艺术家*selection n.选择选择,挑选挑选*countless adj.无数的无数的,数不尽的数不尽的*exceptional adj.例外的例外的,异常的异常的 a man of exceptional talent具有特殊才能的人具有特殊才能的人 exceptional weather异常的气候异常的气候 exceptional promotion破格提升破格提升*motion n.运动运动,动作动作*response n.响应响应

37、,反应反应 call forth no response in sbs breast 在某人心中不起反应在某人心中不起反应 in response to 响应响应,反应反应 make no response 不回答不回答*indicate vt.显示显示,象征象征*contemporary adj.当代的当代的,同时代的同时代的*without reference to adv.不论不论,与与无关无关ListeningDictation AArtistsEvery artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the publ

38、ic.Not only does he want to say it well,but he wants it to be something which has not been said before.What visual artists,like painters,want to say is easy to make out but difficult to explain,because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors,not words.They seem to feel that a cer

39、tain se1ection of shapes and colors,out of the countless billions possible,is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us.Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and response；their choices indicate that these aspects of the wo

40、rld are worth looking at,that they contain beautiful sights.Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern,that there is nothing more in it.Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects.(156 words)Listen

41、ingDictation BUseful Words and Expressions:*professional adj.专业的专业的,职业的职业的 professional knowledge专业知识专业知识 professional men专家专家(尤指医生、律师等尤指医生、律师等)a professional singer职业歌唱家职业歌唱家*be named for被指定作被指定作*resident n.居民居民*enthusiastically adv.热心地热心地,狂热地狂热地*stand for v.代表代表,象征象征*be short for是是的简称的简称*associati

42、on n.协会协会,联合联合*pastime n.消遣消遣,娱乐娱乐 Swimming is my favorite pastime.*specialized 专门的专门的 specialize ones studies使研究专门化使研究专门化 specialize in agriculture专攻农业专攻农业ListeningDictation BProfessional Sports in the U.S.Professional sports are not only very popular in the United States,but also a big business.Th

43、e most popular sports are baseball,football and basketball.Each sport has its own season and individual teams have millions of supporters.Professional teams are named for the cities where they are located.For example,the Lakers are in Los Angeles.The strongest supporters of the Lakers are residents

44、of Los Angeles and southern California.When the Lakers play,many people in Los Angeles enthusiastically follow the game.When we mention“NBA”,almost every one knows it has some relationship with U.S.professional basketball.However,what does it really stand for?N.B.A.is short for the National Basketba

45、ll Association.The NBA is gaining new fans and supporters around the world.Basketball is another popular American sport.In the U.S.,basketball has been called the“national pastime”.However,football is the most popular professional sport in the U.S.American football is different from international football,which Americans call“soccer”.Both games require strength and specialized skills.(171 words)