一般过去时、现在完成时与一般现在时的区别电子版本.ppt

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1、一般过去时、现在完成时与一般现在时的区别（一）（一）一般过去时态一般过去时态、现在完成时态、现在完成时态、一般现在时一般现在时的概念的概念一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状作或存在的状态态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与yesterday、yesterdayafternoon、thedaybeforeyesterday、lastyear、in1965、amomentago、justnow等表示过等表示过去的去的具体的具体的时间状语连用。时间状语连用。例如：例如：Hecamehereyesterday.）

2、现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到）现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.自他出生自他出生以来一直居住在这儿以来一直居住在这儿。（since自从自从以来以来，与现在有关与现在有关，说明他还居住在这儿。）说明他还居住在这儿。）LiuMeiwenttosee

3、hergrandmotherlastnight.刘刘梅昨晚去看了他外婆梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只说明昨晚）（只说明昨晚）例如：例如：Wearegoodfriends(现在情况现在情况)我们是好朋友。我们是好朋友。Igottoknowhimin2005.(过去的动作过去的动作)我在我在2005年认识（结识）他年认识（结识）他Wehaveknowneachothersince2005.(现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在起来并着眼于现在)自从自从2005年来我们就相互认识。年来我们就相互认识。（三）值得注意几个问题（三）值得注意几个问题）动作发生在过去，

4、一直持续到说话的时候，并且动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.我们学英语我们学英语两年了两年了）指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，要用现在完成时。例如：语，要用现在完成时。例如：IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.我曾去过上海两次我曾去过上海两次）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,lastweek,in1960）时）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。不能使

5、用现在完成时，要用过去时。Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.4 4）以）以WhenWhen开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如：开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如：When did you lose your pen?When did you lose your pen?你什么时候丢了钢笔？你什么时候丢了钢笔？5）just(刚刚）与刚刚）与现在完成时现在完成时连用，连用，justnow(刚才）刚才）与与一般过去时一般过去时连用。例如：连用。例如：Thetrainhasjustgone.火车刚刚离开。火车刚刚离开。Thetrainlefthereju

6、stnow.火车是刚才离开。火车是刚才离开。6）since作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用现作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用现在完成时；在完成时；since作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成作连词，引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。时，从句用一般过去时。7）sofar，inthelast/past与与现在完成时现在完成时连用。例连用。例如如：Sofar，manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace.Inthelast30years，ourliveshavechangedalot.Hehasworkedinth

7、isfactorysince1996.Ihaveknownhimsincehewasachild.(四四）现在完成时应注意的现在完成时应注意的四个区别四个区别 1 1）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别。）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别。2）since和和for的区别。的区别。3）have/hasgoneto；have/hasbeento；have/hasbeenin的区别。的区别。4)already和和yet的区别的区别A、leavebeenawayfrombuyhaveborrowkeepdiebedeadgetupbeupturnonbeoncome/getbackbebackgototownb

8、eintownfinishbeovercatchacoldhaveacoldclosebeclosed/notopenopenbeopenfallill/asleepbeill/asleepbegin/startbeonget/receivealetterfromhavealetterfromB、cometobehere/therearrivein（at）/getto/reachbehere/therejointheArmy-beintheArmy/beasoldierjointheLeague-beintheLeague/bealeaguemember（五）延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳（五

9、）延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳1.Hedied10yearsago.2.-He_for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-He_heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours.6.Helefthere2years

10、ago.-He_fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilm_for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-He_a_forayear.-He_thearmyforayear.-It_ayear_hejoinedthearmy.延延续续性性动动词词和和瞬瞬间间性性动动词词之之间间的的转转化化1.Hedied1

11、0yearsago.2.-Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.-Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.6.Heleft

12、here2yearsago.-Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.-Hehasbeeninthearmyforaye

13、ar.-Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.延延续续性性动动词词和和瞬瞬间间性性动动词词之之间间的的转转化化(keys)for和和since的运用的运用since表表“自从自从以来以来”。1)since+时间点时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for+时间段时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.例如：例如：for:(长达）长达）1.He

14、hasstayedherefor3hours.2.Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3.Hehasstayedheresince3oclock.4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.Fillintheblankswith“for”or“since”:1.Wehavehadthenewcomputer_aweek.2.HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?IhavestudiedEnglish_Iwasfive.3.Howlonghashetaughtinthisschool?Hehastaughtinthissch

15、ool_1998.4.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Wehaveknowneachother_overtenyears.5.Howlonghaveyoukeptyourpetdog?Ihavekeptit_twoyearsago.Ihavekeptit_twoyears.sincesinceforsinceforforJameshasbeeninCanada_Monday.JameshasbeeninCanada_fourdays.JamescametoCanadafourdays_.MyaunthaslivedinBrazil_15years.Myauntmove

16、dtoBrazil15years_.ShehaslivedinBrazil_15years_.Mikehasbeeninhospital_October.Mikehasbeeninhospital_twomonthsMikecametothehospitaltwomonths_Hehasbeeninhospital_twomonths_填上填上since,for或者或者ago.sinceforagoforagosinceagosinceforagosinceagoTheygotmarriedsixmonths_.Theyhasbeenmarried_sixmonths.Theyhavebeen

17、married_6months_.IfirstmetSusantwoyears_.IhaveknownSusan_twoyears.IhaveknownSusan_twoyearsago.Sueisintheoffice.Shesbeenthere_threehours.Suecametotheofficethreehours_.Suehasbeenintheoffice_3hours_.agoforsinceagoagoforsinceforagosinceagohavegonetohavebeentohavebeenin去了某地，不在这里去了某地，不在这里曾经去过某地曾经去过某地,已回来已

18、回来呆在某地（多长时间）呆在某地（多长时间）Sheisnthere.Shehasgonetothereading-room.ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice/once/before.ShehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.have(has)goneto意意为为“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。了某地或正在去某地的途中。总总之，之，说话时说话时该该人不在人不在现场现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代，一般不用第一、第二人称代词词作句子的主作句子的主语语。-WhereisTom?汤汤姆在哪里？姆在哪里？-Hehasgonetotheb

19、ookshop.他到他到书书店去了。店去了。FatherhasgonetoHongKong.Hellbebackinaweek.爸爸到香港去了爸爸到香港去了,一星期后一星期后回来回来II.have(has)beento表示表示“曾曾经经去去过过某地某地”，现现在已在已经经不在那里了。可以与不在那里了。可以与just,ever,never等等连连用。用。Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我我刚刚刚刚去去过邮过邮局。局。TimhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽玛丽从未去从未去过长过长城。城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾你曾

20、经经去去过过杭州杭州吗吗？have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去后面可接次数，表示去过过某地几次。某地几次。IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去我去过过北京三次。北京三次。TheyhavebeentothatHappyValleysseveraltimes.他他们们去去过欢乐过欢乐谷好几次了谷好几次了have(has)beenin表示表示“在某地呆多在某地呆多长时间长时间”，常常与表示一段与表示一段时间时间的状的状语连语连用。用。Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已布朗先生来上海已经经有三天了。有三天

21、了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他他们们到加拿大有五年了到加拿大有五年了WehavebeeninShenzhenMiddleSchoolJuniorCampusforovertwomonths.我我们们在深中初中部两个多月了在深中初中部两个多月了.用用have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeento或或have/hasbeenin填空。填空。1.Billisonholidayatthemoment.He_Spain.hasgoneto2.“WheresLily?”“Shesnothere.Ithinkshe_tothebank.”hasgonet

22、o3.Hello,Sue.Where_you_?_you_thebank?havebeenHavebeento4.Timisinhopital.He_hospitalforfivedays.hasbeenin5.“Howlong_she_England?”“She_EnglandsinceMonday.”forthreedays.hasbeeninhasbeento6.Myfather_Shanghaitwice.hasbeenin7.IcanfindSusan.Where_she_?8.Oh,HelloSusan!Iwaslookingforyou.Where_you_?hasgonehav

23、ebeenalready和和yet的区别的区别already常用于肯定句中或句末；常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常常用于用于一般疑问句一般疑问句或或否定句否定句末。但表惊末。但表惊讶时讶时already也可用于疑问句。例如：也可用于疑问句。例如：1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome-work.2.Tomhasntfinishedhishomeworkyet.3.What!Haveyoualreadyfinishedit?Shallweeatlunch?Iam_hungry.Haveyoumetourforeignteacher_?No,not_.Hasthebellrun

24、g_?Yes,Ithas_rung.Thecomputerhasnotbeenrepaired_.Wehave_changedtheplanbecauseLindahasntmadeuphermind_.Haveyouorderedthetakeawayfood_?Yes.Wehave_orderedit.alreadyyetyetyetalreadyalreadyyetyetalreadyyetFillinalreadyoryetwhenneededCorrectthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.1、Tomhasgotupforhalfanhour.2、L

25、iuMeihasjoinedtheLeagueforthreeyears.3、Thetrainhasreachedthestationsince10minutesago.4、Thelittlegirlhasfallenasleepforfourhours.5、Whenhaveyoucleanedtheclassroom?Itscleannow.6、Howlonghaveyoucaughtacold?7、Shehasgottenlettersfromhermothersincelastweek.火眼金睛火眼金睛been upbeen upbeen inbeen inbeen atbeen atb

26、een asleepbeen asleepdiddidcleancleanhadhadhadhadMultiplechoice.()1.Hasyourbrotherfoundhislostcar_?-No,hehasnt.A.stillB.alreadyC.justD.yet()2.Thevisitors_hereforaweek.A.haveleftB.havecomeC.havearrivedD.havebeen()3.Where_you_alltheseyears,Jim?A.have,beenB.did,beC.were,beenD.did,stay()4.Ive_thisdictio

27、nary_ayear.A.bought,forB.had,forC.bought,sinceD.had,sinceDDAB()5.You_herebefore,_you?A.neverare,areB.nevercame,doC.haveneverbeen,haveD.werenever,were()6.Thedoctor_toBeijingtwice.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.wentD.goes()7.Mymotherhas_madeabigmooncakeherself.A.alreadyB.yetC.justD.always()8.-MrGreenisnolongerwo

28、rkinghere.He_hereforamonth.A.hasgoneB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.leftCBAC()9._you_thefilmbefore?Where_you_it?A.Haveseen，didseeB.Didsee，didwatchC.Haveseen，haveseenD.Didsee,haveseen()10.-Ihaveseenthefilm“Titanic”already.-When_you_it？-Thedaybeforeyesterday.A.have；seenB.will；seeC.did；seeD.did；seen()11.“W

29、hy_she_angry?”“Becausehe_atherjustnow.”A.didget,shoutedB.hasgot,shoutedC.didget,hasshoutedD.hasgot,hasshoutedACA用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。I_inShenzhenforabout15years.(live)2.He_heresince1998.(work)3.Bobisntin.He_tothecinema.(go)4.I_toAustraliathreetimes.(be)5.She_Englishforaboutfiveyears.(study)6.Sh

30、e_Englishsince1999.(teach)havelivedhasworkedhasgonehasstudiedhastaughthavebeen7.We_eachotherforabout5years.(know)8._youever_toAustralia?(be)No.I_never_there.ButI_toCanadaonce.9.Shanghai_(be)asmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowit_(become)alargecity.10.Myfather_just_(come)backfromwork.HeistirednowhaveknownHavebeenhavebeenhavebeenwasbecomeshascome结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！35