历年八级翻译真题分析.ppt

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1、历年八级翻译真题分析 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望考试大纲对翻译的要求 o翻译项目为主观试题，分两个部分。第一部分Section A Chinese to English，要求考生将文内约150个左右的汉字译成英语。第二部分Section B English to Chinese，要求考生将文内约150个左右的英语译成汉语，o高校英语专业八级考试大纲(2004年新版)对汉译英测试提出了两点较新的要求：第一，能运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂

2、志上的文章和一般文学作品。速度为每小时250至300个汉字。第二、译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。（1）内容上以文学翻译和政论性文章为主（2）在质量的要求上强调忠实和通顺，现在还加上了“流畅”这一较高的标准。TEM8，1996 汉译英试题o在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是个交朋友的好机会。在这样的场合陌生人相见如果是亚洲人，他们总是在开口之前先毕恭毕敬的把自己的名片递上，这好象是不可缺少的礼节。然而法国人一般都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空的聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时才会主动掏出名片。二话不说，先掏名片反而有些勉强。1 汉语理解o广交朋友：mak

3、e friends extensively?oMake a lot of friendso“冷餐会”、“酒会”：cold dish party?obuffet reception dinner partyo“寒暄”：coldly talk for a while?oexchange of conversational greetings;exchange of amenities or compliments（见面时谈论天气冷暖的应酬话）o“海阔天空”：unrestrained and far-rangingo“二话不说”：before starting a conversationo“投机”

4、：speculativeoagreeableo“勉强”：reluctantounnatural学生译文：o(1)双方见面寒暄几句也就各自走开。oThey will leave after exchanges of some polite expressions of formulas.o(2)甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。oThey will leave even after a lot of talking.o(3)二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。oIt seems reluctant to offer visiting cards without a word.oIt seems som

5、ewhat unnatural for them to give name cards before getting into conversation.o(4)他们往往开口之前先必恭必敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方。oThey usually present their name cards respectfully with both hands before opening their mouths.oWhen strangers meet on such occasions,an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully wi

6、th both hands before the conversation.o（5）只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时才会主动掏出名片。oOnly when they are speculative in their conversation and hope to keep in touch later on will they give name cards.oThey will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship.Have further int

7、ercourse2 英语表达o翻译应该对汉英思维方式差异心中有数，否则很容易受到思维方式的负干扰。我们需要的是TL思维方式的积极引导，排除SL思维方式的消极干扰。o如英语名词有数的范畴，汉语没有，因此汉译英时必须对名词的数作出选择。英语中“亚洲人”复数加S，而法国人复数为加 -men，有的同学就译出“Asianman,Asianmen,Frenches”。试比较英语中有关民族的词汇（Quirk）Specific reference Generic referencesingularpluralpluralAn AmericanA GermanAn AsianA EuropeanAmerican

8、sGermansAsiansEuropeans The AmericanThe GermansThe AsiansThe EuropeansAn EnglishmanA Frenchman EnglishmenFrenchmen The EnglishThe French英语中的可数和不可数o“礼节礼节”：an etiquette or etiquette?o这词是不可数的，意思是这词是不可数的，意思是manners,a set of customs and rules for polite behavior.o“冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会”:are good oppor

9、tunities?o英语表达习惯是英语表达习惯是to give sb.an opportunity of/to oIn Paris,various cocktail parties and buffet dinners provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends.3 文化因素o冷餐会：get-togethers at which hosts offer their guests cold food /barbecue(student)?o准确：buffet mealo名片：card,name card;business c

10、ard;visiting card;calling cardo“ID card”?参考译文在巴黎，名目繁多在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是的酒会、冷餐会是个交朋友的好机会。个交朋友的好机会。在这样的场合陌生在这样的场合陌生人相见如果是亚洲人相见如果是亚洲人，他们总是在开人，他们总是在开口之前先毕恭毕敬口之前先毕恭毕敬的把自己的名片递的把自己的名片递上，这好象是不可上，这好象是不可缺少的礼节缺少的礼节。o In Paris,cocktail parties and buffet dinners in honor of this or that provide an excellent oppor

11、tunity to make a lot of friends.When strangers meet on such occasions,an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation,which seems to be required by etiquette.o然而法国人一般都然而法国人一般都不大主动递送名片，不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空的聊一甚至海阔天空的聊一番也就各自走开。只番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机

12、，有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时才会希望继续交往时才会主动掏出名片。二话主动掏出名片。二话不说，先掏名片反而不说，先掏名片反而有些勉强有些勉强。However,the French usually are not so ready with such a formality that they will excuse themselves after exchanges of a few words of greetings or even after a rambling chat about everything under the sun.They will offer cards o

13、nly when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship.And it seems somewhat unnatural for them to do so before getting into conversation.o【2002年年8级测试汉译英】级测试汉译英】o 大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深的依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年以来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳

14、舞、和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。1 汉英词汇语义对比与翻译o“酿酒和饮酒”o学生译文：brew wine and drink alcohol;brew spirits and drink wine;brew wine and drink beero正确的处理方法：（1）使用及物动词，但统一宾语，如brew and drink wineo(2)使用不及物动词，如brew and drink“喂牛和挤奶”o牛：cattle,bull,cow,calf,bullock,buffaloo学生译文：feed bull and milk cow

15、;feed oxen and milk them;feed bulls for milko正确处理方法：（1）使用及物动词 feed cattle and milk cows;feed cows and milk them;feed and milk cows;feed cows for milko(2)使用不及物动词译“挤奶”，feed cattle and milk;feed cows and milko“锄草”：grass,straw,weedo字面翻译：eradicate/remove/hoe up/uproot weedso意译：hoe the garden;weed the gar

16、den,weedo“温馨的家园”：warm and fragrant?oWarm and comfortable,cozy,Hearth and home(good)修辞方面：同义反复o“锄草和栽花”：weed and garden?oGarden:doing work in your garden such as weeding and plantingo处理：（1）只用动词gardeningo(2)与邻近结构取得平行效果，选择weed the garden and plant flowers;weed to plant flowerso“去教堂祈祷和做礼拜”：ogo to church t

17、o pray and worship?oGo to church本身有去教堂做礼拜的意思o正确：go to church;ogo to the church to pray and worship;opray and worship in the church2 汉英话语组织法对比与翻译oParallelism和汉语的騈偶结构oJ.E.Kahn(1985):Parallel constructions,then,come in a great variety of sizes and shapes.These are all subject to an overriding and obvio

18、us rule:if elements are presented as parallel,they must be paralleltheir structures must be properly matched.o(1)文体问题：She is stubborn,selfish,and has a sharp temper.oShe is stubborn,selfish and quick-tempered.o(2)语法错误：Not only is that a very unfair statement,but also quite untrue.oNot only is that a

19、 very unfair statement,but it is also quite untrue.“无论贫富”o不平行结构：people,poverty or wealthyoPeople,poor or the richoPeople,poor or with propertyoPeople,poor or of wealtho平行结构：people,poor or richoPeople,the poor or the rich“种植庄稼和葡萄”o不平行结构：they plant crops and grapevines,brewing and drink wineoThey plan

20、t crops and grapevines,brew wine and drinkingoThey plant crops and grapevines,brew,drink,feed cows and milko平行结构：They plant crops and grapevines,brew and drink wine,feed and milk cowsoThey plant crops and grapevines,brew wine to drink,feed cows to milk“到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌”o不平行结构：They play the violin,dance a

21、nd singingoThey play the violin,dancing and singoThey play the violin,dance and they singo平行结构：They play the violin,dance and sing.oThey play the violin,dancing and singing基本常识类错误：othe natureoIn a same wayoGo to the churchoPlay violinoHuman beingoEvery peopleoCattlesoMilksoFolkloresoGo to the church

22、 to prey参考译文o 大自然对人的恩大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并大自然，全都一致并深深的依赖着。尤其深深的依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年以来在乡间，上千年以来人们一直以不变的方人们一直以不变的方式生活着。式生活着。oThe bounty of nature is equal to everyone,rich or poor,and therefore all men are strongly attached to her.This is particularly true in the rural areas,wh

23、ere people have kept the same lifestyle for a millennium or so.参考译文种植庄稼和葡萄，酿种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌；拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。了下来。They plant crops and grapevines,brew wine

24、 to drink,feed cows to milk,and weed the gardens to grow flowers.They go to church at weekends,and they meet in the square on holidays,singing and dancing.The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth.Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go on.o1998年o这次到台湾访问交流，虽然这次到台湾

25、访问交流，虽然行程匆匆行程匆匆，但是，看了不，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在的一个重要话题就是中华民族在2121世纪的世纪的强盛强盛。虽虽虽虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻

26、铭刻铭刻铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族振兴中华民族振兴中华民族振兴中华民族的共同理想的共同理想的共同理想的共同理想。在在世纪之交世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国同推进祖国统一大业统一大业的早日完成的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台推到了历史前台。跨世纪青。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充

27、满希望的新世纪，年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题这是我们必须回答的问题。o【概述概述】o 这段文字是一篇赴台访问记的节选，文中夹叙夹议，用词讲究，文笔优美。翻译时有三大难点，一是文中的几个复杂的长句，如第二句长达75字，而且里面包含转折、并列等多种关系。二是我们习以为常的很多说法如“铭刻着印记”，“推到历史前台”等要翻译好也不容易。三是这段文字涉及祖国统一的主题，笔下饱含感情，充满了对祖国统一的期望和对台湾同胞的深厚情意，所以翻译时措辞很关键。o【参考译文】【参考译文】o When we stayed in Taiwan for an exchange pr

28、ogram,despite the tight schedule,we visited many places,meeting old friends and make new ones.At every get-together,one important topic was how to make China powerful and prosperous in the 21st century.Though young people on the mainland and in Taiwan live in different social environments and have v

29、aried life experiences,their hearts are all imprinted with the fine tradition of the Chinese culture and they cherish the same ideal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation.oThe turn of the century has ushered in a great epoch during which our motherland is becoming stronger and more prosperous day by da

30、y.The people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits will strengthen exchanges and work together to bring about an earlier reunification of their motherland.The precious opportunities and tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the forefront of history.What attit

31、ude should be adopted by the cross-century younger generation to meet the new century of hope?This is a question that demands our answer.o1999年o温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居

32、民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。o【概述】【概述】o 这段文字是对加拿大著名港口城市温哥华的简要介绍，语言清晰流畅，理解起来并不困难，除了“辉煌”、“结晶”等少数词汇外，翻译时在措辞上也不存在太多问题。但是原文少数句子与句子之间、句子内部各成分之间的逻辑关系和语义关系不是很明确，译成汉语时应根据译入语的表达习惯灵活转换。汉语语法呈隐含性(covertness)，英语语法呈外显性(overtness)；汉语重意合，英语重形合，因此英语句子中

33、外在的形式连接手段很多，连词的使用也远远多于汉语，这一点对本文的翻译尤为重要。o【参考译文】【参考译文】o The prosperity of Vancouver,to which many ethnic groups have contributed,is the crystallization of its peoples wisdom and industriousness.Canada,a sparsely populated big country,has a territory larger than that of China,but only a population of l

34、ess than 30 million.Admitting immigrants has therefore become the long-term national policy pursued by Canada.It is safe to say that the Canadians,aside from the Indians,are all immigrants,who differ from each other only in how long they have lived in the country.oVancouver is one of the few multina

35、tional cities in the world.Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver,half were born outside the country,and of every four residents one comes from Asia.The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver.Half of them have come to the Vancouv

36、er area within the past five years,turning it into the largest Chinese settlement outside of Asia.o【2000年年8级测试汉译英】级测试汉译英】o世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性成果性成果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科。这两代博物馆

37、虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者被动的旁观者。o世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心观察作，自己细心观察。这样，他们可以更贴。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。o【概述】【概述】o 这是一段对中国科技馆的介绍性文字，语言比较朴素，条理清楚，句子结构都比较简单，没有太多费解的地方。尽管如此，翻译起来还是有一定难度。如何断句，如何选词是颇值得考虑的。o

38、【参考译文】【参考译文】oThe first-generation museums in the world are those of natural history,which,by means of fossils and specimens，introduce the evolution of the Earth and various organisms.The second-generation museums are those of industrial technologies.They demonstrate the fruits of industrialization a

39、t various stages.Although they have played a role in disseminating scientific knowledge,museums of the first generations are in fact places where visitors become passive spectators.The third-generation museums in the world are those designed with new concepts.In such museums,visitors can operate wit

40、h their own hands and observe with their own eyes.In this way,they are brought closer to advanced science and technology,and offered more opportunities to explore the mysteries.o【2001年年8级测试汉译英】级测试汉译英】o乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂

41、钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”o【概述】【概述】o本文原文相对简单，不会造成理解问题。要注意的是在英文表达时，充分认识到英语词汇的多义性，对词义理解透彻，选用恰当的词汇。另外要注意的一点是语体类别。本文属书面语言，应当尽量选用相应的英文书面词汇和表达方式。在这一点上，译文要比译文得体的多，试比较。o【参考译文【参考译文1】oIn his later years(Late

42、in his life),Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing(developed a penchant/special fondness for fishing).He asserts:“Mostly speaking,a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting,which in return keeps people in good mood.I believe that the optimum fishing places are not t

43、hose commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture,but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness which exert a special appeal.”oAccording to him,fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation o

44、f ones temperament and to ones health,at once physical and psychological.Qiao Yu claims:“Fishing can be divided into three stages.The first stage consists of mere fish-eating;the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure(enjoyment)of fishing;the third primarily the pleasure of fishing whe

45、n,confronted with a pond of clear water,one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically.”o【参考译文【参考译文2】oQiao Yu took to fishing in his old age.He said:“Where there is fish and water,there is good environment,and good environment f

46、ills ones heart with joy.I think the best place for fishing is not a comfortable man-made fish-pond where hungry fish are ready for you,but an enchanting place in the wild where everything is natural.”Fishing is a game that can help improve ones temperament.oIt is good for mental and bodily health.Q

47、iao Yu said:“Fishing falls into three stages.The first stage is just for eating fish.The second stage is for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well as eating fish.The third stage is mainly for the pleasure of fishing-facing a pool of green water,one casts aside all anxieties and worries and enjoys

48、 a good rest,both mental and physical.o【2003年年8级测试汉译英】级测试汉译英】o 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐、堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。o【概述】【概述】o o 本文的理解基本上不构成问题。表达时，要注意恰当的断句、恰当的使用关联词，以及恰当的使用平行结

49、构。比如第一句和第二句是因果关系，应该合二为一。第三句有7个分句，原样照译会造成相当大的困难，容易失误，并且毫无必要，可以按照其内在逻辑和表达需要分为三句来译。同时，在众多同义词、近义词中选择恰当的词汇仍然是一大考察重点，请注意琢磨下面评析要点。o【概述】【概述】o本文中有相当多的四字词组，比如“横行霸道、打入冷宫、百花怒放、宾客云集、笑语四溢、大千世界”，其中一部分带有鲜明的中国文化特色，对它们的翻译构成了第一个难点，请参看翻译要点评析。另外，本文由四句构成，可每一句都包含至少四个分层，如何正确的组句构成了第二个难点，请注意对比原文与参考译文，看连接方式。o【参考译文】【参考译文】oBefo

50、re I was taken ill,I had been a spoiled child of my parents,getting things my way in the family.Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of a garden,I suddenly found myself in disfavor and my wings clipped.One spring evening,with myriads of flowers in full bloom in the garden,my pare