loveisafallacy爱情是谬误学习.pptx

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1、Note About The AuthorName:Max ShulmanBorn:Mar 14,1919 in St.Paul,MinnesotaDied:Aug 28,1988 in Los Angeles,CaliforniaOccupation:WriterActive:50sMajor Genres:Comedy,RomanceCareer Highlights:House Calls,Rally round the Flag,Boys!,The Tender TrapFirst Major Screen Credit:Half a Hero(1953)第1页/共20页第一页，编辑于

2、星期六：五点 三十七分。Max Shulman(March 14,1919August 28,1988)is a 20th century American writer best known for his television and short story character Dobie Gillis,as well as for best-selling novels.His writing often focused on young people,particularly in a collegiate setting.Shulman works include the novel

3、s Rally Round the Flag,Boys!and Sleep Till Noon.He was also a co-writer,with Robert Paul Smith,of the long-running Broadway play,The Tender Trap,starring Robert Preston,which was later made into a successful movie.Author第2页/共20页第二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。However,he is probably best remembered for his creati

4、on of the character“Dobie Gillis”,who was the subject of a series of short stories compiled under the title,The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis,which became the basis for a CBS television series of the same name,and had previously been the subject of a film.Author第3页/共20页第三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。Shulman was al

5、so a screenwriter（编剧）.He was one of the collaborators（合作者）on a television documentary（记录）,Lights Diamond Jubilee光明的周年纪念,which was supposedly a celebration of the 75th anniversary（周年）of the invention of the light bulb by Thomas A.Edison.第4页/共20页第四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。Charles Lamb(1775-1834)Thomas Carlyle

6、(1795-1881)John Ruskin(1819-1900)English essayist and critic.English author,Scottish writer.English critic and social theorist.A writer on art and architecture.第5页/共20页第五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。Warming upWhat is love?What is love?What is logic?What is logic?What is logical fallacy?What is logical fallacy?第

7、6页/共20页第六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。What is logic?Briefly speaking,we might define logic as the formal systematic study of the principles of valid inference and correct reasoning.Logic is used in most intellectual activities,but is studied primarily in the disciplines of philosophy,mathematics,semantics,and c

8、omputer science.Logic examines general forms which arguments may take,which forms are valid,and which are fallacies.But this is a rough definition,because how logic should be properly defined is actually quite a controversial matter.第7页/共20页第七页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。What is logical fallacy?Usually,an argum

9、ent is deductively valid when its premises provide conclusive evidence for the conclusion.Otherwise an argument that fails to be conclusively deduced is invalid;it is said to be fallacious.Three kinds of fallacy:1.material fallacy-in its material content through a misstatement of the facts.2.verbal

10、fallacy-in its wording through an incorrect use of terms.3.formal fallacy-in its structure through the use of an improper process of inference.第8页/共20页第八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。Logical fallacy:逻辑谬论逻辑论证，即提出支持某些论题或结论的论据。论证有两个部分组成：论点所支持的结论，与引证结论的某些前提。而结论是经由前提所推导出来的。当前提为结论提供确凿证据时，论据的演绎推理便有效；反之则会成为谬论。成为谬误的方式有三种

11、：a内容，即事实陈述错误；b措词，即术语使用错误；c结构（或形式），即推导过程错误。那么，逻辑谬误可分为三类，即内容（material）谬误，措词（verbal）谬误以及形式（formal）谬误。第9页/共20页第九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。Logical fallacies in this story1.Dicto Simpliciter(以偏概全)2.Hasty Generalization(草率推断)3.Post Hoc(牵强附会)4.Contradictory Premises(自相矛盾)5.Ad Misericordiam(文不对题)6.False Analogy(错误对比)

12、7.Hypothesis Contrary to Fact(违背事实)8.Poisoning the Well(井中投毒)第10页/共20页第十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。The examples of logical fallacies1.Dicto Simpliciter(以偏概全)My roommate thinks that philosophy lesson is very hard,so is mine,thus,everyone think that the philosophy lesson is difficult.2.Hasty Generalization(草率推断

13、)Guns and hammer,as well as metal can be recognized as murder tools.But limited purchase of hammers are ridiculous,thus limited to buy guns are also ridiculous.第11页/共20页第十一页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。3.Post Hoc(牵强附会)The last five times that Ive worn my white pants,something depressing has happened.Im not going

14、 to wear those pants again!第12页/共20页第十二页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。4.Contradictory Premises(自相矛盾)There is a person who sells shield(盾)as well as spear(矛).He boasts of his shield,saying:“My shield is strong and clinking,any sharp thing can get through it.”While at the same time he boasts of his spear,and say:“M

15、y spear is sharp pole,nothing can pierced.”Someone asks him:“If you use your spear to stab your shield,what will be the result?”The man is tongue-tired,he cant say a word.第13页/共20页第十三页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。5.Ad Misericordiam(文不对题)A:What you eat today for breakfast?B:Last night,I ate rice,overnight ate lob

16、ster.6.False Analogy(错误对比)The birds nest is made by bird,so the bullpen is also made by cow.第14页/共20页第十四页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。7.Hypothesis Contrary to Fact(违背事实)Pointing to the deer,intentionally say horse8.Poisoning the Well(井中投毒)You are told,prior to meeting him,that your friends boyfriend is a decaden

17、t(颓废的)wastrel(废物).When you meet him,everything you hear him say is tainted(污染的).第15页/共20页第十五页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。Questions on the textWhats the main idea of the Whats the main idea of the text?text?What is the purpose of this What is the purpose of this story?story?第16页/共20页第十六页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。Main idea

18、 of the textThis text is a piece of narrative（叙事）writing,and the whole story is humorous satire（讽刺）.The writer,Max Shulman,is satirizing or making fun of a smug,self-conceited（自负的）freshman in a law school.The freshman is made the narrator of the story who goes on smugly boasting and singing praises

19、of himself at any conceivable opportunity.He struggles against two antagonists（n.对手）:Petey Burch,his roommate whose girlfriend he plans to steal;and Polly Espy,the girl he intends to marry after suitable re-education.In order to smarten her up,the narrator decides to give her a course in logic.He su

20、cceeds too well because the whole thing backfires（事与愿违）on him when Polly refutes（驳斥）all his arguments as logical fallacies before finally rejecting him.At the end of the story,the reader feels the narrator has got what he deserved（应得的）.He has been too clever for his own good.第17页/共20页第十七页，编辑于星期六：五点

21、三十七分。The purpose of the writing The purpose of this essay,according to the writer,is to demonstrate（证明、论证）that logic,far from being a dry（枯燥的）pedantic（迂腐的）subject,is a living thing(a human being).full of beauty,passion and painful emotional shocks.第18页/共20页第十八页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。Thank You!第19页/共20页第十九页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。感谢您的观看。第20页/共20页第二十页，编辑于星期六：五点 三十七分。