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1、中考英语语法,第十六讲 情态动词,第一部分:基本知识,一、情态动词是什么?,动词的类别,行为动词,系动词,助动词,情态动词,能够独立做谓语,不能独立做谓语,掌握情态动词的定义:表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。,二、情态动词的基本句型,陈述句 主+情态动词+ v原疑问句 情态动词+主+ v原?考点:注意may, must疑问句的否定回答否定句 -主+情态动词 not+ v原考点:注意had better, need两种词性, ought to 的否定,三、常考的情态动词,can能; 可能-couldmay可以-mightmust必须;一定need需要-非标准情态动
2、词should-shall would-willhad betterused to 过去常常Would rather 宁愿ought to应当,第二部分:常考情态动词,的三个“能”,能力,乐意,可能,can,can与be able to 的区别,Can 是情态动词,不能独立做谓语be able to是系动词,能够独立做谓语,所有表示“意愿类题目”,都适用Can/Could you give me some water?,此时can 与could相等,can与must的区别,Must肯定是(无否定)可能是,1. He will _ finish it by himself.can/ may/ b
3、e able to/ 不填(多)2. can you give me _ suggestion?another/ other/ the other/ others3. She _ run fast, but I cant.may/ must/ need/ can,的两个意思,乐意,可能,may,may的回答,肯定回答一般是:Yes, please./Certainly./ Sure等,否定回答一般是:Please dont./No,you cant/mustnt.,can多用于疑问句和否定句,表示怀疑或不相信等态度;而may则多用于陈述句(肯定),表示一种揣测。,can与may的区别,He m
4、ay be right他可能对He cant be right他不可能对,的两个意思,必须,肯定,must,must的否定回答,肯定回答:yes, must否定回答:no, you neednt/ no, you dont have to,can多用于疑问句和否定句,表示怀疑或不相信等态度;Must表示推测时,不能用否定句,can与must的区别,Dont have to 不必- mustnt一定不能neednt 不必must 表必须有否定; 表肯定,不能用否定句,Must的否定,I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话
5、,我想必是睡着了,的两个词性,情态动词,行为动词,need,You neednt answer the question now.,You dont need ot answer the question now.,Had better最好,易错点:错误理解为had, 或better否定解析:你最好立刻就做You had better do it right now.你最好不要碰它You had better not touch it.,的三个辨析,Used to,Be used to doing,Be used to do,used to,过去常常(情态动词),He used to go s
6、hopping on weekends.他过去常常周末去买东西,The Englishman isnt used to driving on theright in China.,某人习惯于(to是介词),被动语态(to是不定式),Pens are used to write on paper.,Would rather do.than do宁愿做而不愿做,解析:宁愿而不愿,中考共三种表达方式1、prefer to do.rather than do宁愿做而不愿做(动词词组)例:I prefer to swim rather than stay at home.我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里2、w
7、ould rather do.than do宁愿做而不愿做(动词词组)例:I would rather swim than stay at home. 我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里3、preferto I prefer dogs to cats.相对于猫.我更喜欢狗. Would rather是情态动词,否定为 would rather not do,第三部分:情态动词与助动词,Can与could的相同与不同,Can能力 he said: “I can do that.”乐意 can I help you?可能It cannt be rainy,Could能力,是can的过去式He said t
8、hat he could do that .表乐意,could可独立一词.Could I go with you?,(willwould; shall should于此相似),Will只用于将来时, he will come tomorrowshall, will用来征求对方意见,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二人称,用来表示意愿;shall用于第二、第三人称,will用于第一人称。,Would过去将来时,是will的过去式.He said that he would come tomorrow.表乐意 Would you like?虚拟语气,1. The doctor suggest
9、ed that he _ the medicine 3 times a day.多Take/ took/ takes/ should take解析Suggest/advice that 主+should +v原。考点: should 省略;给时态迷惑2. She would leave the city if the rain _.Stops/ would stop/ stopped/ stopping解析:1判断would-过去时,从句也用过去时2主句过去将来,if 从句用一般过去3.The patient knew that he _ the wrong mdicine.take/ too
10、k/ takes/ should take,第四部分:真题解析与练习,1must和have to【考例】-Must we finish giving out the posters today?-Yes, we _. It cant be put off any longer. 太原市A. can B. may C. must答案C。解析 此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句,其肯定答语要用must,不能用can或may。故选C。-I didnt pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing co
11、mputer games recently.-I agree. You _ play like that any more. 河南省A. needntB. mustntC. may notD. wouldnt答案B。解析 此处选mustnt。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”,用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。When traffic lights are red. We _stop and wait. 南京市A. mayB. canC. must D. might.答案C。解析 考查情态动词,must必须,表示禁止。,2can和could-Could I borrow your diction
12、ary?-Of course you _.陕西省A. can B. mustC. should D. will答案A。解析 上文的could并不表示过去,而只是一种委婉的说法,所以答语用can更礼貌些。-Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?-No. It _be Tom. He has gone to Paris. 长沙市A. may notB. neednt C. cant答案C。解析 因为汤姆不在这里,所以不可能是他。一Mary,_you speak Chinese?一Yes,only a little 北京市A mustB need C may
13、Dcan答案D。解析 考查情态动词,“玛丽,你会说英语吗?“是的,会一点”。故选D。can表示能够,1Schools _allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A. would B. might C. should D. could答案C。解析 此处用情态动词should的用法。should表示“应当应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。 2.Bob,may I _your MP4?一SureBut youd better not _it to othersA.lend;lend B lend;borrowC borrow;borrowD
14、.borrow;lend答案D。解析本题考查动词borrow和lend的区别. 由语境可判断前者是借入,用borrow后者是借出,用lend。3.-What about playing football this afternoon, Sam? -I would rather _ at home than_ football. Its too hot outside. A. stay; playing B. stay; playC. to stay; to playD. to stay; playing答案:A。解析本题考查了would rather的固定短语的应用。Would rather
15、do A than do B和做B比起来,宁愿做A。,4.He used to _ in the sun, but now he is used toat night. A. read, readB. reading, readC. read, reading D. reading, reading答案:C。解析考查固定结构的用法。Used 后接动词不定时,be used to 后接动名词。故选C。5.You _do it if you really dont want to. A. needntB. mustnt C. cantD. couldnt答案A。解析 考查情态动词。本题应由句意人手
16、破解。如果你不想做的话,你“没有必要”做它,所以正确答案为A项。6.-May I do the rest of the work tomorrow? -Yea, of course. You _finish it today. A. mustB. mustntC. neednt答案C。解析思路分析:根据句意可知,neednt不必,7.You _be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. A. canB. mayC. must D. need答案C。解析 本题考查情态动词must,can,may8need的区别。情态动词must在
17、此表示肯定的推测。8.一Look at the boy running on the groundIs it Davis? It _be himI saw him go to the teachers office just nowA mustB cant CcouldDmight答案B。解析 考查情态动词。表推测时否定句中用cant。表示“不可能”,因为他已经去了老师的办公室。,1._I open the window?Its hot here. A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would2.Go and ask Mr Liu.He _tell you. A.may B.ca
18、n C.would D.could3._you please tell me the time please? A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Might4._I try out all the ideas? No,you _. A. Must, mustnt B.Need,need C.Must,dont have to D.Must,dont5._I speak to Mr Green,please? A.Will B.Could C.Must D.Would ,B,A,B,C,B,课时训练,9.He said Kate _come to the party.But I do
19、nt think so. A.could B.might C.need D.must10.Need I do my lessons right now? Yes,you_. A.need B.can C.should D.must11.Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon? Id love to.But Im afraid I_.I have too much work to do. A.cant B. mustnt C. neednt D.may not12.To make our city more beautiful,r
20、ubbish_into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C.cant throw D. may not throw,B,D,A,B,课时训练,10.Dont worry! We can get to the bus station in time and _the early bus. A. dont miss B. can miss C. will miss D. wont miss11.Please dont make any noise in the reading room. _ A. Sorry, I wont.
21、B. Sorry, I cant. C. Yes, I wont. D.OK,I didnt.12.Must I return your digital camera tomorrow. Tina? No, you_. A. mustnt B. may not C. neednt D. wont,A,C,D,课时训练,13.Would you like some more? _Im full. A.Yes,please. B.Id love to. C.No,I wouldnt. D.No,thanks.14.You_swim in this part of the lake. Its dangerous. A. mustnt B.may not C. neednt D.wont15.Your e-mail address again? I_quite catch it. Hr Zhou . A.dont B.cant C.wont D. didnt,A,D,D,课时训练,