中考英语语法(内含音频讲解）第2讲时态串讲课件(94ppt).ppt

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1、中考英语语法,第二讲 时态,教 学 目 标,第 一 部 分,英语时态和汉语时间表示的区别,什 么 是 时 态 ?,汉 语 有 没 有 时 态 ?,汉语中的时间表达方式-加入时间词,英语中的时间表达方式-时态,时态的含义_时间表示法,一:时,即每种时态对应一个时间段,学习时态一定要先弄明白每种时态所在生活中对应的时间.这是理解的问题二:态,即每种时态都有自己独特的表达方式.这点和汉语存在巨大的差别.汉语中表达时间只需要在时间词上做变化就达到目的了,而英语除了时间词上做变化, 谓语动词也要有相应的变化.,汉语和英语对于时间不同的划分方法,一般现在时,现在进行时,过去完成时,一般将来时,一般过去时,

2、过去进行时,过去将来时,将来,现在,过去,现在完成时,汉语和英语对于时间描述的基本区别,第 二 部 分,练习找到每种时态在生活中的代表的时间含义,我平时在7点起床,今天我打算在8点起床,我正在起床,昨天我7点起床的,昨天7点我正在起床,昨天我打算在8点起床,昨天7点我已经起床了,今天7点我已经起床了,过去时,I get up at 7:00.i will get up at 8. I am going to get up at 8. I am getting up at 8. I will get up when others go to work.I am getting up nowI h

3、ave gotten up till 7:00.I got up at 7 last morningI was getting up at 7 last morningI would get up at 8 last morning . I was going to get up at 8. I had gotten up till 8 last morning,这座山终年云雾缭绕,这座山昨天云雾缭绕,我明天想游览这座山,我正在爬山,我昨天下午正在爬山,我今天已经爬过这座山了,我昨天想游览这山,我昨天下午已经爬过这座山了,The mountain is cloudy.The mountain

4、was cloudy.I will climb the mountain tomorrow.I would climb last afternoon.I often/usually get up at 7I will get up/ I am going to get up/ I am getting up at 8I am getting upI got up at 7 yesterdayI would get up/ I was going to get up/ I was getting up at 8 yesterdayI was getting up this time yester

5、day,第 三 部 分,八种时态的讲解,现在,过去,一 般 现 在 时,1:一般现在时,一般现在时的两层含义,经常发生的动作或存在的状态,I go to school by bike 我骑车上学,It is very hot. 天很热,客观事实或普遍真理,A:,B:,The sun rises in the east.太阳从东升起,易错点: 上下文用过去时,表示客观真理仍然要用一般现在时,He said that the earth is round.他说地球是圆的,(时),He said “ I will kill you.”He said that he would kill him.He

6、 said “ the earth is round.”He said that the earth is round,Be 动词类(状态),行为动词类(动作),I amHe/she/it(单)+isYou/they/we(复)+are,主(复)+v(原),They like game.,主(单)+Vs,He likes game.,(态),前提:一般现在时,be前置于句首.?,He is a student.,Is he a student?,Do+主+v原.?(复),They like game.,Do they like game?,Does+主+v原.?(单),He likes gam

7、e.,Does he like game?,前提:一般现在时,主+be not+.,He is a student.,He is not a student.,主+do not+v原.(复),They like game.,They do not like game,主+doesnt+v原.(单),He likes game.,He does not like game,特殊用法:,在状语从句中,如果主句和从句都表示将来的时间含义, 那么从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时.,I will go if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天好天我就去We shall be away whe

8、n he arrives.他一来我们就离开I wont go out unless you agree.我不会出去除非你同意,如果明天下雨,我就在家睡觉If it is rainy tomorrow, I will sleep/ fall asleep at home当她回家时,我将做好饭When she gets home, I will finish dinner你一来我就走As soon as you come, I will go.如果王月生病了,她妈妈会照顾她Her mother will look after her if she is ill,练习(用一般现在时完成句子),You

9、r shoes (be ) under the bed.I (be) very well, thank you. We (have) many books.She (have) a book in her hand.I (live) in Kai Feng.He (watch) TV every evening.She never (get) up late.He (not care) what you do.,请将6,7,8句改成疑问句和否定句,现 在 进 行 时,现在进行时(时),表示现在正在发生的动作,强调眼前这一点.,Im writing a letter.我正在写信They are

10、learning English.他们正在学英语Is it raining now?现在下雨了吗?,和come,go leave,start,arrive等词连用,表示即将发生的动作.,Im seeing him tomorrow.我准备明天看他What are you doing next week?你下周打算干什么?,现在进行时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,练习1(用括号内词组回答问题),What are you doing now ?(read a book)(walk through the park)(open a bottle)(drink tea)(have lunch)(lo

11、ok at some pictures),将上面七个句子改为否定句和疑问句,练习2(将every改为now/today, 改写下列句子并翻译)即:一般现在时转换为现在进行时,示例:I go to my office every day. I am going to my office now.,He eats rice every day.He wears a blue dress every day.The workers come here by bus every day.I do some exercises every day.My brother does not listen t

12、o the radio every day.,My brother does not listen to the radio every day.He listens to the radio主+ be not +vingHe is not listening to the radio nowDo they get up at 8?Are they getting up now?Yao ming doesnt dieHe is not dying now.,一 般 将 来 时,一般将来时(时):,表示以现在为起点,将要发生的事情.,He will go swimming tomorrow.他准

13、备明天游泳He is going to go swimming tomorrow.They will go swimming tomorrow他们准备明天游泳They are going to go swimming tomorrow.,(态),1,2,A:,B:,1,2,一般将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,一般将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,还有没有不是将来时,但能表示将来的含义的时态呢?,一般将来时,主+will + V原,主+be going to + V原,一般现在时,主句将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,现在进行时,瞬间动词做谓语,表示将来含义,练习:将下列句子改为否定句

14、和疑问句,You will be late.We will stay with them.He is going to learn English.They will fly to London tomorrow.,练习:将下列句子改为将来时,相应地更改或增添时间状语,例:I write to him once a month. I will write to him tomorrow.,He is working very hard.At what time do you have dinner?Do you play football on Sunday?Do you go to work

15、 by bus?,一 般 过 去 时,一般过去时(时):,表示过去某段时间发生的动作,反复发生的动作或存在的状态.,He went swimming yesterday.他昨天去游泳了They liked going swimming 他们以前喜欢游泳He was a teacher.他以前是老师They were teachers.他们以前是老师,Be 动词类(状态),行为动词类(动作),I +wasHe/she/it(单)+wasYou/they/we(复)+were,主+V过去式,They liked game.,(态),They came here.,前提:一般过去时,be前置于句首.

16、?,He was a student.,Was he a student?,Did+主+v原.?,They liked game.,Did they like game?,He liked game.,Did he like game?,前提:一般现在时,主+be not+.,He was a student.,He was not a student.,主+did not+v原.,They liked game.,They did not like game,He liked game.,He did not like game,一般现在时,PK,一般过去时,时间状语的变化,在.之前,练习:

17、将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句,John lived here last year.Mary liked those cakes.We walked to the theatre last night.Jack waited on the bus.They asked many questions.,练习:将下列句子改为一般过去时,相应地更改时间状语,例:I write to him once a month. I wrote to him last night.,He lives in this house .We will leave here next week.He will see y

18、ou tomorrow morningWill your brother meet you?Our holiday begins today.I always get up at six.,He lives in this house .We are leaving here now.He is seeing you nowDoes your brother meet you?Our holiday begins today.I always get up at six.,练习:ago与before,例:I entered middle school (大约五年前). I entered mi

19、ddle school about 5 years ago.,They came here(暑假前) and I met them(三天前)It was very cold(春节前)He lived in Kai Feng (2002年以前)She decided to do it (3分钟以前),现 在 完 成 时,现在完成时(时),最难的地方是和一般过去时的时间上的区别.,现在完成时是以过去为时间起点,但是说话人着眼于现在的结果,而不管过去是什么时候发生的.,正在射击,He is shooting.他正在射击,刚才射击,He shot .他刚才射击,刚才射击,一直射击到现在(完成时),He

20、 has shot till now.他到现在一直在射击,现在完成时(从过去开始,现在已完成或未完成),He did his homework just now他刚才做作业,He did his homework just now (他刚才做作业) he has done till now. (一直到现在仍然在做).he has done over 3 hours(他一直写了三个小时),现在完成时,You are a student now你现在是个学生,You have been a student since 1996你从1996年就是学生.You have been a student

21、for 9 years你作为一个学生已经九年了.,现在完成时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,现在完成时易错点,Come, go, leave, arrive, join, die, marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的, 故不能和since for等表示一段时间的状语连用,典型错误,正确句子,现在完成时(特殊用法,注意区别),Have gone to sp已经去某地He has gone to zz他已经去郑州了.,Have been to sp曾去过某地He has been to zz他曾去过郑州,Since for的区别,最易考,1.与一般过去时的时间判断2.不是说瞬间动词不能用于完成

22、时He has eaten the supper;而是说瞬间动词不能和持续时间连用. He has been/stayed in the trip for 3 days3.如何解决?由have+ved-have + been +同意义形容词转化.He has died for 3 years.- he has been dead for 3 years.4.当.时, 某人已经 the train had left the station when we got to .5. Sb be interested in结构的时态记忆: sb has been + interested 6. Has

23、been to has gone to7. Since for8.完成时的标志: since, so far(现在完成时)到目前为止,动作与状态的转换,He eats up the dinner, so he isHe leave K.F.The door is closed by him. So the door isHe carries a case. So he comes ,瞬间动作与持续的区分,当他进来时,我们已经开始上课了.We have begun when he comes in.当他进来时,我们已经上课一段时间了.We have had for a while when he

24、 comes inOur class has been for a while when he comes in.,练习-当时,已经,当我们到达时,他已经等很长时间了当天晴时,已经下了三天雨了.当我们发现他前,他已经死三天了,He had waited for a while when we got to.It had rained for 3 days when it was sunny.He had been dead for 3 days before we found him.,练习,他一直对这个让人惊讶的孩子很惊讶.她一直对这个好玩的游戏感兴趣.,He has been surpri

25、sed to the surprising boy.She has been interested in the funny game.,经常用的几个转换,He died 3 years ago. He has been dead for 3 years. (died- has been dead)He went to HZC 3 days ago he has been in HZC for 3 days. (went to sp has been in sp)He married 3 days ago he has been married for 3 days. (marry has b

26、een married)He married her 3 days ago he was married to her 3 days agoThe student bought the book two days ago.(完成)The student _ _ the book _ two days ago.,练习:将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句,I have answered his letter.He has asked her to come.Mother has cooked the dinner.The students have closed the window.We have h

27、ad a good rest.,练习:用一般过去时或现在完成时完成句子,They (go) to America last year.I am sorry, I (forget) your name.My friend (finish) college last year.He (not speak) to me since the class (begin)She (buy) a bike last month.The man (lose) money yesterday.I (read) the book in the library.I (get) back the umbrella w

28、hich I left in the bus.I (never hear) her speak in public(公共场所),A: I (get) up early this morning and (have) breakfast at 7:00 a.m. after breakfast , I (work) at my lessons.B: I (not have ) my breakfast until now.,11. Your dinner is ready; I (put) it on the table .You (send) the letter off yesterday?

29、Bill (not find) his watch yet.I am not hungry. I (just have) my dinner.He (come) just a moment ago.He (be) in BeiJing for 30 years. He (come) here in 1995,WentHave forgetFinish has not spoken began BoughtLostReadHave gotHave never heard,Got , had, worked, havent had Have putDid sendHasnt foundHave j

30、ust hadCameHas been, came,答 案,过 去 进 行 时,过去进行时(时),表示过去正在发生的动作,强调过去这一点.有表示过去的时间提示(或上下文/或有时间词),I was writing a letter that time.我那时正在写信They were learning English last night. 他们正在学英语was it raining at that time?那时正在下雨了吗?,过去进行时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,现在进行时,PK,过去进行时,练习:用扩号内的一般过去时或过去进行时形式完成下列句子,My sister (write) a

31、letter when someone knocked at the door.She (do) her lessons while her brother (play) game.They (sing) and (talk) when the teacher (come) into the room.When the phone (ring), I (pick) up the receiver.As I (go) to school this morning, I (see) a car.,Was writing Was doing, were playing Was singing and

32、 talking, came rang, picked was going , saw,答 案,过 去 将 来 时,过去将来时(时):,表示以过去某一时间点为起点,将要发生的事情.,That day he said he would go to school. 那天他说他准备去上学They told me that they would go to school. 他们告诉我他们准备去上学They told me that they were going to go to school. 他们告诉我他们准备去上学,(态),1,2,A:,B:,1,2,过去将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,过

33、去将来时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,一般将来时,PK,过去将来时,练习:用扩号内的过去将来时形式完成下列句子,The weatherman said it (rain) the next day.They were sure they (finish) the work on time.I had no idea when they (come) again.My grandma was arriving this evening. We (meet) her at the station.I wondered if dinner (be) ready.,过 去 完 成 时,过去完成时(时

34、),到过去某一时间点已经完成的动作或状态,并且可能继续延续下去.,其实就是把现在完成时放在过去来看,到昨天下午3点我的作业已经写完了I had finished my homework till the last day 3:oo P.M.,过去完成时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,练习:用扩号内的过去将来时形式完成下列句子,After he (finish) work he went home.The children ran away after they (break) the window.I waited until he (finish) his dinner.I went to

35、his house, but he (go) out.I never went to see a play before I (read) it.She said he (never run) a race before.,时态的记忆规则,It _(rain) when I _(wake up) last Saturday. It always _(rain) when I am not working. We_ (plan) to go to the seaside, but in the end we_ (decide) to go to the theatre instead. We _

36、(miss) the bus ,and _(arrive) late. we _(arrange) to meet John outside the theatre and he_ (wait) for 20 minutes when we_ (get) there. The play_ (already start) when we_ (go) inIts Monday again today, and I _(work) as usual. I _(sit) here in the office for the last two hours but I _(not do) much wor

37、k yet. I (feel) to fed up to work. I _(already have) my holiday this year. I _(go) to scotland in July and it_ (rain) every day. Tomorrow I_ (book) a holiday for next April in Spain.,综合练习(2)接上文,Its Monday again today, and I _(work) as usual. I _(sit) here in the office for the last two hours but I _(not do) much work yet. I (feel) to fed up to work. I _(already have) my holiday this year. I _(go) to scotland in July and it_ (rain) every day. Tomorrow I_ (book) a holiday for next April in Spain.,综合练习(答案),