现代大学英语-第三册-Unit5-Silent-Spring (2).ppt

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1、现代大学英代大学英语-第三册第三册-Unit5-Silent-SpringWork in pairs to name environmental problems that are threatening our world.sand stormdesertificationsoil erosiondeforestationsalinizationEnvironmental ProblemsAir-related environmental problemsGreenhouse effectOzone depletionAir pollutionwater-related environmen

2、tal problemsAcid rainWastewaterWater crisisMarine pollution and acidification Land-related environmental problemsvProblems arising from inefficient land use(urban sprawl,habitat fragmentation,habitat destruction)vProblems arising from land pollution and degradation(desertification,land pollution,soi

3、l pollution)Other environmental problemsvThe use of pesticides vInefficient use of resources and energy crisisvNon-recyclable waste(plastic and electronic waste)vGenetic engineering(genetically modified foods)vNuclear development1.We are faced with all kinds of environmental problems nowadays.But wh

4、at is the one that Rachel Carson dealt with in her book Silent Spring?2.Does Carson mean that insecticides should never be used in agriculture?3.How do you see the environmental problems in your city?How should our government do?and how should we citizens of this city do?Preview Questions1.Content&M

5、essage:fill in the gap in our knowledge of the environment of degradation between Carsons time and the present day develop an environmental consciousness2.Language:new words and expressions practice reading skills understanding complicated paragraphs reading for gist inferring the authors attitudes/

6、feelings/opinions/conclusions drawing inferences ObjectivesShe had an intense love for nature since her childhood:“Humans have now acquired a fateful power to alter and to destroy nature.But Man is a part of nature,and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself.”Rachel Carson Author

7、BackgroundPublications:Under the Sea-Wind 海风下海风下The Sea Around Us 周遭之海周遭之海The Edge of the Sea在海之滨在海之滨Silent Spring 寂静的春天寂静的春天She was once bitterly attacked:“an anti-humanitarian crank,a priestess of nature,and a hysterical woman”But she courageously went on fighting until her idea caught on and more

8、 and more people joined in.the mother of modern environmental movement AuthorBackgroundThe$300,000,000 pesticides industry has been highly irritated by a quiet woman author whose previous works on science have been praised for the beauty and precision of the writing.In her latest work,however,Miss C

9、arson is not so gentle.More pointed than poetic,she argues that the widespread use of pesticides is dangerously tilting the so-called balance of nature.Pesticides poison not only pests,she says,but also humans,wildlife,the soil,food and water.NY Times 15apr64Report on Silent Spring(1962)1.How was it

10、 received?2.How significant is it?3.Does it still make sense now?About the bookvWhen the book first appeared,Carson was bitterly attacked by the chemical industry and some people in the government as an alarmist,but she courageously spoke out against those criticism.vThe threats she had outlinedthe

11、contamination of the food chain,cancer,genetic damage,the deaths of entire specieswere too frightening to ignore.vFor the first time,the need to regulate industry in order to protect the environment became widely accepted,and environmentalism was born.DetailedAnalysisStructureText AnalysisSilent Spr

12、ingUnit 5 Theme I.Structure of the TextvPart I:paras.1-6va town before&after the disastervPart II:paras.7-9vcause of the disaster:chemicalsvPart III:paras.10-14vcharacter&impact of mans tampering with naturevPart IV:paras.15-18vreasons why pesticides fail to solve the pest problemvPart V:paras.19-24

13、vcause of modern pest problem and possible solutions vPart VI:para.25Part one(1-6):DiscussionvHow did the town look like before and after it was polluted?vIn paragraph 3,it mentioned that some evil spell settled on the community,which made the lives in this city lose its vigor.Is it the truth?If not

14、,what made it?II.Detailed Discussion of the Textv1.There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.(-1)vheart:the central or most important part vin harmony with:in a state of peaceful co-existence and agreementvParaphrase:Once upon a time

15、 there was a town in the central part of America where all living things seemed to co-exist peacefully with their environment.E.g:racial harmonydomestic harmony Everyone lives in harmony with each other.Tourism should develop in harmony with environment.We are living in a harmonious society.harmony:

16、n harmonious adj live in harmony with 与和谐相处 17v2.The town lay in the midst of prosperous farms,where,in spring,white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields.(-1)In the midst of:a.在当中（表方位在当中（表方位)b.正当某事发生的时候（表时间）正当某事发生的时候（表时间）white clouds of bloom:flowers are like white clouds prosperous:boomin

17、g;promising;(of plants)growing wellThe town lay among booming(or well growing)farms.In spring,flowers floated above the green fields just like clouds.vset up:to cause,produce,raise:a wallva blaze of color:an impressive and noticeable show of colors 色彩斑斓色彩斑斓vPara:In autumn,the oak,maple and birch tre

18、es turned yellow,red or brown,thus making a beautiful show of colors against the dark green of pine trees.vPay attention to Carsons use of color in describing the town before its environment was contaminated3.In autumn,oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across.

19、flicker v./n.a.to move with small quick movements 摇曳 b.(of a light or a flame)to keep going on and off as it shines or burns 忽明忽暗 e.g:shadows flickering on the wall leaves flickering in the wind The candle flickered in the wind.A smile flickered across his face.flame:a.burn with a brighter flame b.g

20、low or shine like(the colour of)flames e.g.The autumn woods flamed with color.4.The countryside was,in fact,famous for the abundance and varietyvabundance:n a large quantity of sth China has an abundance of natural resource.vIn abundance 大量，充足大量，充足vAbundant adj This area is abundant in petroleum dep

21、osit.vabound V The stream abounds with fish.vMigrant:n(1)候鸟，迁徙动物候鸟，迁徙动物 （2）移民，移居）移民，移居者者vImmigrants/migrate/migrationv-Then,as if by some evil power,disaster fell on the community:Strange diseases quickly struck down large numbers of chicken;the cattle and sheep became ill and died.vSpell:words that

22、 make magical things happenvNote the use of unit words in English:a flock of chicken/sheep/tourists;a herd of cattle/elephants5.Then some evil spell settled on the community:mysterious diseases swept the flocks of chickens;the cattle and sheep sickened and died.v-No birds came to feed on what was th

23、ere at the feeding stations.vDeserted:forsaken;visited by nobody(here birds)vA street/island6.The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.(-4)7.On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of scores of bird voices there was now no sound;(-4)v-The morning air used to vibrate wi

24、th the singing of birds,but there was now no sound.vThrob:v(1)(of a part of the body)to feel a series of regular painful movements 抽动，抽筋；抽动，抽筋；（2）to beat or sound with a strong,regular rhythm 跳动，搏动；跳动，搏动；(3)(of a place)to have a lot of life,energy地方充满了活力地方充满了活力 vOur campus is throbbing with life.Con

25、trast:a town before&after the disaster Before Color:a blaze of colorSound:bark,birds singingMotion:vibrant,throbbing with lifeOverall impression:vibrant,harmonious beautiful AfterColor:browned and withered vegetationSound:still,quite Motion:lifelessOverall impression:lifeless deserted,awfulDetailed

26、Analysis1.Why did the author paint such a beautiful picture of a non-existent town?2.What was she trying to appeal to?Detailed AnalysisPart II:Discussion(7-9)Nature vDirection:environment lifevSpeed:adaptative Human Direction:life environmentSpeed:destructive irrecoverable1.How has man changed the r

27、elation between organisms and their surroundings?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:Discussion(10-14)2.In what way has mans power changed in character？(para.11)3.How do chemicals affect our life?(para.11)“passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death”4.What are the two examples g

28、iven by the author as mans tampering with nature?(paras.11-13)5.Why is mans change of the world particularly devastating?(paras.12-14)Part III:Discussion Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis9.To a large extent,the physical form and the habits ofbeen molded by the environment(-10).vTo a large extent：在很大程度上

29、：在很大程度上vTo some extent/degree;to a certain extent/degreevMold:v to strongly influence the way sbs character,attitude and etc 对对影响重大，塑造成影响重大，塑造成vParents are responsible for molding childrens physical and psychological health.10.Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which l

30、ife actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight.(-10)v-When we think of the long history of life on earth,the degree(or extent)that living things affect their environment has been insignificant as compared with the effect of the environment on plant and animal life.11.but it has ch

31、anged in character.(-11)vbut the nature of this power to alter the environment has changed.vIn the past,to survive humans made use of what nature offered,for example,by cutting down trees,damming rivers;now they create things that did not exist,such as chemicals and unnatural radiation.vAssault:v./n

32、 the act of attacking some place in order to control itvOn the early morning of Dec 7th,1941,Japanese navy launched an assault on Pearl Harbor.vContamination:the state of being pollutedvContaminate v 污染污染 contaminant n 污染物污染物vLethal:causing or able to cause death(deadly,fatal)vA lethal nuclear weapo

33、n12.This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.(-11)v-In most cases,the polluted air,soil,and rivers and the sea cannot be restored to their original natural state.vIrrecoverable:sth you cannot get back无法挽回的无法挽回的virreparable(not reparable);incurable;irremediable13.Chemicals sprayed on croplan

34、ds or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms,passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.(-11)vlie long in soil:they stay in soil for a long time because they dont break down chemically thereventering into living organisms,passing from one to another in

35、a chain of poisoning and death:vthe chemicals that insecticides contain are likely to enter birds and animals in food,and then pass out in waste matter from their bodies,get into the soil and are absorbed by the plants that grow on it.When birds and animals and people eat the plants,these substances

36、 again are taken into their bodies.This process goes on and on endlessly,poisoning plant and animal life alike.In short,the chemicals tend to be endlessly recycled in the food chains.14.Given time-time not in years but in millennia-life adjusts,and a balance has been reached.(-12)v-When the environm

37、ent changes,living things can adapt to their new surroundings,but it is a long process and it takes millennia of years for life to be in harmony with their modified world again.vmillennia of years:thousands of years v15.But in the modern world there is no time.(-12)v-But in the modern world,life has

38、 no time to adjust itself to the change of environment,for mans power to temper with nature has become too great.(Man is so eager to change nature for short-term benefits,he does not think of the long-term interest of his own species.)v16.The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rath

39、er than the deliberate pace of nature.(-13)vThe environment no longer changes slowly according to the laws of nature.Rather,it is rapidly changed by shortsighted,profit-seeking mankind.vTherefore adjustment can never keep up with change,and a new balance between living things and their environment c

40、an hardly be reached.1.Impetuous:(impulsive)(1)characterized by undue haste and lack of thought or deliberation;(2)marked by violent force;Youngsters are usually more impetuous than old people.Dont make impetuous promises.2.deliberate:adj(1)done on purpose(2)done slowly and carefully v.to think care

41、fully deliberate on/upon 仔细研究，考虑The old man spoke in a slow and deliberate way.He deliberated on whether to buy the villa.Cf:deliberate/reflect/meditate/ponderv17.Radiation is now the unnatural creation of mans tampering with the atom.(-13)vTamper with:to meddle or interfere with 任意破坏，任意破坏，损害，篡改，瞎搞损

42、害，篡改，瞎搞v.The machine will self-destruct if you tamper with it.v.Please do not tamper with my feelings.In the past,radiation was only sent out from radioactive substances in certain rock;today man creates such harmful rays by splitting the nucleus of the atom of such substance as radium.v18.The chemi

43、cals are the synthetic creations of mans inventive mind,having no counterparts in nature.(-13)v-Nature does not produce such things as chemicals.They are man-made,i.e.the result of mans creative power.vSynthetic:artificial1.Why are pesticides not a good solution?(3 reasons)vThey kill indiscriminatel

44、y,reducing biodiversity.(para.16)vThey contaminate the entire environment.(para.16)residual effectvThey couldnt solve the pest problem.(para.17)resistance to chemicalsresurgence induced by pesticidesText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart IV:Discussion(15-18)2.What does the“endless spiral”refer to?(para.

45、17)3.What does the author mean by saying“all life is caught up in its violent crossfire”?(para.17)4.What is the authors attitude towards mans use of chemicals?How is it implied?Rhetorical questions:“Can anyone believe it is?”(para.16)“How could intelligent beings?”(para.18)Text AnalysisDetailed Anal

46、ysisPart IV:Discussion v19.These chemicals are now applied almost universally to farms,gardens,forests,and homes(-16)vapply sth to:v（1）应用于，实践于；适合，符合）应用于，实践于；适合，符合v（2）涂抹，擦上）涂抹，擦上v（3）apply oneself to 专心于，投身于专心于，投身于v（4）apply for 寻求工作，职位寻求工作，职位e.g:We should apply what we have learned to practice.She nev

47、er goes out without applying sun cream to/on her face and neck.My son is applying himself to the new toy truck.Im writing to apply for a position of a manager.Words:application,applicantv20.to still the song of birds and the leaping of fish,to coat the leaves with a deadly film,and to linger on in s

48、oil(-16)v to kill the birds and fish,to cover the leaves with a thin layer of death-causing chemicals and stay in soil for a long timevLinger on:v(1)stay or remain for a long time(1)继续残留继续残留（2）留恋往）留恋往返，意犹未尽返，意犹未尽（3）苟延残喘）苟延残喘vThough I am back from Paris,yet my memories linger on.vThe delicious taste

49、can linger on the plate a long time.vThough desperately ill he could linger on for months v21.The whole process of spraying seems caught up in an endless spiral.(-17)vbe caught up in:to become involved in,often against your wishes,ve.g.Many innocent people was caught up in the dispute.van endless sp

50、iral:a never-ending,continuous upward movement,vParaphrase:The more insecticides are sprayed,the less effective they will become in destroying the“pests”.Then more deadly chemicals will be developed to kill them.This process will go on endlessly.v22.Darwins principle of the survival of the fittest(-