2018年(高三)-语法填空解题技巧(给词类).ppt

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1、2018年年(高三高三)-语法填空解法填空解题技巧技巧(给词类)高中英语语法填空题解题策略高中英语语法填空题解题策略语法填空这种题型能全面检测学生在语法填空这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语英语词汇、语法，法，甚至是甚至是句法句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。语综合水平。主要考查的知识点：一是主要考查的知识点：一是语法语法，二是上下文的连贯性，二是上下文的连贯性，而且而且语法语法是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较

2、为简单的英语表达方式的掌握和逻辑推理能力等情况。掌握和逻辑推理能力等情况。从整篇布局来看，它的考点主要集中在以下三点：从整篇布局来看，它的考点主要集中在以下三点：1 1 词或者词组（名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、词或者词组（名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、数词）冠词、数词）2 2 句子（谓语动词、非谓语动词、连词、关系词）句子（谓语动词、非谓语动词、连词、关系词）3 3 语篇（语篇（过渡词）过渡词）命题形式 (1)(1)给出提示词题型：给出提示词题型：用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提供的是用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词动词、形容词、名词三大类，考生需要

3、根据语境写出正确三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形，一般有的词形，一般有6-76-7个小题。包括个小题。包括动词动词的时态和语态、的时态和语态、非非谓语动词、形容词和副词谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、的比较等级、名词名词的单复数，以的单复数，以及词类或词义的转换等。及词类或词义的转换等。(2)(2)纯空格题型：纯空格题型：空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑，填入和行文逻辑，填入一个一个恰当的词，包括恰当的词，包括代词、介词、限定代词、介词、限定词词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点、连

4、词、时间及地点副词副词等。这类题大约有等。这类题大约有3-43-4小题。小题。变变填填近近4年语法填空题考点分布情况年语法填空题考点分布情况考点分考点分布布动词动词(含含非非谓谓)形容形容词词、副副词词连词连词、从句、从句、引引导词导词介介词词代代词词冠冠词词名名词词变变填填20142014年年1 1谓谓1 1非非谓谓3 3形形1 1副副（1 1比比3 3原）原）2 2个（个（1 1定定1 1并）并）0 0个个0 0个个1 1个个1 1个（复个（复数）数）8 82 220152015年年2 2谓谓2 2非非谓谓2 2副副1 1个个（定从）（定从）1 1个个1 1个个0 0个个1 1个（复个（复

5、数）数）7 73 320162016年年1 1谓谓2 2非非谓谓1 1个个1 1个个1 1个个1 1个个1 1个个2 2个个6 64 420172017年年2 2谓谓2 2非非谓谓2 2个个（1 1比比1 1原）原）1 1个个1 1个个0 0个个1 1个个1 1个个7 73 3必考词：必考词：谓谓非谓；形容词、副词；连词，从句引导词、名词；非谓；形容词、副词；连词，从句引导词、名词；常考词：常考词：介词、代词、冠词介词、代词、冠词变变填填连词连词冠词冠词介词介词副词副词代词代词名词名词动词动词形容形容/副词副词关连词关连词(引导词）引导词）：三大从句三大从句(定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句）定

6、语从句，名词性从句和状语从句）which,that,who,although，what,why,where等等并列连词：并列连词：and,but,while,so,neithernor等等强调句，倒装句中的连词强调句，倒装句中的连词the;a+辅音音素；辅音音素；an+元音音素元音音素;抽象名词具体化抽象名词具体化success,surprise等等n.前前;vi.后后;定语从句介词定语从句介词+关系代词关系代词等等功能性连接副词：功能性连接副词：however,therefore,anyhow等等修饰比较级的副词修饰比较级的副词even，much等等不定代词不定代词;反身代词反身代词;物主代

7、词物主代词;主主/宾格宾格等等单复数，名词所有格单复数，名词所有格;与其它词性的转化与其它词性的转化谓语谓语：时态，语态，情态动词时态，语态，情态动词,虚拟语气等虚拟语气等非谓语非谓语：不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词：不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词比较级、最高级比较级、最高级;adj.adv.相互转化相互转化;adj.修饰修饰n.;adv.修饰修饰adj./adv./v.解题步骤解题步骤1 1、跳读大意、跳读大意2 2、初填易题、初填易题3 3、补填难题、补填难题4 4、通读检查、通读检查How to deal with Grammatical Filling?就句子成分来说，涉及到的

8、句子成分有：就句子成分来说，涉及到的句子成分有：主语（形式主主语（形式主语），谓语，宾语（形式宾语），宾补，表语，定语，状语），谓语，宾语（形式宾语），宾补，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语。语，补语，同位语。考点考点1：主语：主语（名词，代词，数词，（名词，代词，数词，do-ing，不定式，主，不定式，主从等）从等）Recent_6_(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks_7_(regular).(2016年课标全国年课标全国II)Ittookyearsofwork_5_(reduce)theindustri

9、alpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014年课标全国年课标全国I)studiestoreduce考点考点2：谓语：谓语（动词）（动词）Fastfood_7_(be)fulloffatandsalt;.(2017年年课标全国课标全国I)Butatthemoment,school_9_(come)first.(2017年课标全国年课标全国III)Whenfatandsalt_4_(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.(2017年课标年课标全国全国I)untiltomorrow_3_(be)oftenac

10、ceptable.(2016年课标全国年课标全国II)iscomesareremovedis考点考点3：宾语（名词，代词，：宾语（名词，代词，do-ing，不定式，宾从等），不定式，宾从等）Thistrend,hashadsomeunintendedside_2_(effect)suchas(2017年课标全国年课标全国I)toavoidterrible_1_(crowd)ontheroads.(2017年课标全国年课标全国II)influencedthe_8_(develop)ofchopsticks.(2016年课标全国年课标全国III)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwi

11、thher_6_(educate).(2017年课标全国年课标全国III)effectscrowdsdevelopmenteducation考点考点4：表语（名词，代词，形容词，：表语（名词，代词，形容词，todo，do-ing，done，表从，介短），表从，介短）However,be_9_(care)nottogotoextremes.(2017年课标全国年课标全国I)someofthemlookedveryanxiousand_3_(disappoint).(2014年课标全国年课标全国II)考点考点5：宾补：宾补Theyarerequired_3_(process)thefoodthat

12、weeat,torecoverfrom.(2017年课标全国年课标全国I)主补主补carefuldisappointedtoprocess考点考点6：定语（名词，形容词，：定语（名词，形容词，todo，doing，done，介，介短，定从短，定从前置和后置）前置和后置）Sheisavery_3_(care)mother.(2016年四川年四川)andidentifythoseof_1_(great)andlessimportance.(2016年课标全国年课标全国II)Astudyoftravelers_8_(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangsh

13、uoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015年课标全国年课标全国I)Theadobedwellings（土胚房）（土胚房）_1_(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemost.(2015年课标全国年课标全国II)carefulcaringgreater(whichwas)conductedbuilt考点考点7：状语（形容词，副词，介短，：状语（形容词，副词，介短，doing，done，todo，状从），状从）Skilledworkersalsocombin

14、evarioushardwoodsandmetal_3_(create)specialdesigns.(2016全国全国课标课标III)Recent_6_(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks_7_(regular).(2016年课标全国年课标全国II)InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat_10_theirhands.(2016年课标全国年课标全国III)tocreategraduallywith考点考点8：同位语（名，不定代，数词，同从）：同位语（名，不

15、定代，数词，同从）Setasidethethought_1_youhavetofallasleep.(2015河北百校联盟河北百校联盟3月模拟月模拟)（以上考点见（以上考点见5年高考，年高考，3年模拟年模拟P115-116）that就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有5种基本句型：种基本句型：1Thiscycle_8_(go)dayafterday.（2015年课标年课标II）2Thistrend,hashadsomeunintendedside_2_(effect)suchas(2017年课标全国年课标全国I)3someofthemlookedveryanxiousa

16、nd_3_(disappoint).(2014年课标全国年课标全国II)goesSV主谓主谓effectsSVO主谓宾主谓宾disappointedSVP主系表主系表就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有就句型来说，主要涉及到的句子有5种基本句型：种基本句型：4Sarah_3_(tell)thatshecouldbeBritainsnewsupermodel,.（2017年课标年课标III）5Theyarerequired_3_(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrom.(2017年课标全国年课标全国I)主补主补以上考点解释见以上考点解释见5年高考年高考3年模拟年模

17、拟P117（其他特别句子后补）（其他特别句子后补）hasbeentoldwastoldSVOO主谓双宾主谓双宾toprocessSVOC主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补语法填空题型分两种情况：语法填空题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，另一种为不给单词提示。一种为已给单词提示，另一种为不给单词提示。下面就这两种情况进行分析、研究，总结出以下面就这两种情况进行分析、研究，总结出以下语法填空的解题技巧下语法填空的解题技巧。How to deal with Grammatical Filling?Part A:How to change?怎么变？怎么变？(有提示词有提示词)语法填空语法填空给提示词解题技巧给提示

18、词解题技巧1动词动词谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词词性转换词性转换-ing分词分词不定式不定式-ed分词分词有提示词的有提示词的解题技巧解题技巧分析句子结构分析句子结构上下文语境上下文语境1谓语动词（时态、语态、主谓一致）谓语动词（时态、语态、主谓一致）2非谓语动词非谓语动词doing:having(been)done+beingdone,done:todo:tohave(been)done+tobedone3词性变化：名词，形容词，副词，形容词词性变化：名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级或副词的比较级或最高级有有提提示示词：词：1动动词词技巧技巧1 1：句中没有谓语，或者

19、虽然已有谓语动词，但需句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词且中间有并列或转折连词时时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。例例1.The first card _(design)by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor.例例2.That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,_(close)my book and

20、walked away.例例3.Nobodyknowswhat_(happen)ifshehadrefusedtopay.was designed closedwould have happenedlIt was raining lightly when I_ (arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.(2015新课标新课标）lYangshuo _(be)really beautiful.(2015新课标新课标）lBe patient!Tai Chi _(call)“shadow boxing”(太太极拳）极拳）in English.lWe _(tell)tha

21、t our rooms had already been reserved for that week,（2014广东）广东）高考链接高考链接arrivedisis calledwere toldbuildingFollowedseatedTo completeA._(follow)by many fans，the singer walked out of the hall.B.The workers _(build)the bridge came from all over the country.C.We hope _(get)there before dark.D._(complete)

22、the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.E.The first time she stepped into the room,she noticed a strange man _(seat)near the stove.技巧技巧2 2：若句中已有谓语动词，且设空处和谓语动词之间：若句中已有谓语动词，且设空处和谓语动词之间没有转折或并列连词时，应该考虑此处考察非谓语动词。没有转折或并列连词时，应该考虑此处考察非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用若是非谓语动词就要确定用doing形式，形式，done形式，还形式，

23、还是是todo形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语它与其逻辑主语之间之间 的关系。的关系。to get 1._(see)nobody at home,he decided to leave them a note.2.The girls came in,_(follow)their parents.3._(see)from the hill,the city looks like a garden.4._(give)more time,I would have worked out the problem.SeeingfollowingSeen随堂检测随堂检测

24、GivenheThe girlsthe cityI5.Last night,there were millions of people _(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.6.No one knows the girl _(stand)there.7.I remembered _(lock)the door before I left the office.watching standingto lockpeoplethe girl1.By _(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat

25、than they need in their diet.(2017年课标全国年课标全国I)2.This included digging up the road,_(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017年课标全国年课标全国II)3.People probably cooked their food in large pots,_(use)twigs（树树枝枝）to remove it.(2016年课标全国年课标全国III)高考链接高考链接eatinglayingusing1 But Tom knew

26、from past experience that his _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased his father.2,those around her had noted her _(satisfy)with not finishing school.choice技技巧巧3 3：有有时时给给出出的的动动词词既既不不是是谓谓语语形形式式也也不不是是非非谓谓语语形形式式,这这时时需需要要进进行行词词类类转转换换。（V-Adj;V-Adj;V-Adv;V-N V-Adv;V-N）(dis)satisfaction1.She is determined to

27、carry on with her _(educate).(2017课标全国课标全国III）2.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top _(attract).(2016课标全国课标全国I）3,those around her had noted her_(satisfy)with not finishing school.4 Then,handle the most important tasks first so you will feel a real sense of _(achieve).(2016课标全国课标全国II）高考链接高考链接e

28、ducationattractionsatisfactionachievement动动词词谓语动词谓语动词时态时态语态语态主谓一致主谓一致tododoingdone 非谓语动词非谓语动词How to change?词性变换词性变换不同考点各个击破1.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.2.Myparentshavealwaysmademe_(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.3.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhads

29、eenher_(grow)upfromchildhood.4.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_(learn).Healwaysworkshard.5.DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?Hehadit_(fix),becausehedoesntknowmuchaboutcomputers.feel grow to learn fixedfinished 6.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_(improve)inashortperiod.7.Helenhadto

30、shouttomakeherself_(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.8.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow_(say)hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.9.Withalotofdifficultproblems_(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.improved heard saying to settle 10.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_(move),andaskedmyselfwha

31、tIwasgoingtodo.11._(walk)inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.12._(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.13._(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.14.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_(tell)thatalltheticket

32、shadbeensoldout.moving Walking Having waited BlamedHavingbeenblamed to be told 15.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_(make)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.16.Youweresillynot_(lock)yourcar.17.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_(breathe).18._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhav

33、etoworktwomorehoursaday.19.When_(ask)whyhewentthere,hesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight.20.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless_(water)everyday.making to have locked to breathe To complete asked watered 有提示词的有提示词的解题技巧解题技巧分析句子结构分析句子结构上下文语境上下文语境1AdjAdv的比较级或者最高级的比较级或者最高级2AdjAdv的之间的相互转化的之间

34、的相互转化3转化为其他词性转化为其他词性有有提提示示词词：2AdjAdvharder sweeter Actually gradually例例1.Soon Charlie made friends with Patrick and his stepsister Sara and they _(gradual)became friends.例例2._(actual),what you said is reasonable to some extent.例例3.Nothingcouldbe_(sweet).例例4.Hejumpedeven_(hard)andfinallymadehimselfou

35、t.例例5.Thehigheryoustand,the_(far)youwillsee.技巧技巧1 1：第一步，分析句子结构，确定设空处在句中做定：第一步，分析句子结构，确定设空处在句中做定语、表语还是做状语。第二步，根据结构、语境或句子意语、表语还是做状语。第二步，根据结构、语境或句子意思确定填原级、比较级还是最高级，以及要不要加表否定思确定填原级、比较级还是最高级，以及要不要加表否定或反义的前缀、后缀。或反义的前缀、后缀。技巧技巧2：给出的：给出的ADJ或者或者Adv词性保持不变时，优先考虑词性保持不变时，优先考虑比较级或者最高级；比较级或者最高级；技巧技巧3：有些词常给：有些词常给ADJ

36、形式，然后用其副词形式，比如形式，然后用其副词形式，比如actual(ly),sudden(ly),complete(ly),gradual(ly),regular(ly),accidental(ly),natural(ly)farther Tips:1比较级的标志：比较级的标志：moreandmore;than;even;themore,themore;alittlealotfarmuch（比较级的修饰词）（比较级的修饰词）；两者里比较；两者里比较的那一个用比较级。的那一个用比较级。Tips:2最高级的标志：最高级的标志：A:有范围有范围(in，of，among或从句等或从句等)修饰的用最高

37、级。修饰的用最高级。如：如：Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.冬季是一年里最冷的季节。冬季是一年里最冷的季节。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。这是我所看过的最好的电影。B:“oneofthe形容词最高级复数名词形容词最高级复数名词in/of短语短语”表示表示“中最中最之一之一”。如：如：BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最大的城市之一。北京是中国最大的城市之一。C：选择疑问句中用于：选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上三者或三者以上的比较。的比较。如：

38、如：Whichcountryisthelargest，China，BrazilorCanada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？D：表示：表示“第几个最第几个最”时，用时，用“the序数词最高级序数词最高级名词单数名词单数”的结构。的结构。如：如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。黄河是中国第二长河。1.Even _(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(2017课标全国课标全国I）2.and it mus

39、t have been _(fair)unpleasant for the passengers.(2017课标全国课标全国II）3 The.Railway was one of the most _(success)of these new lines,and was(2017课标全课标全国国II）4 It is _(certain)fun but the lifestyle.(2016课标全国课标全国III）高考链接高考链接worsefairlysuccessfulcertainly5 and identify those of _(great)and less importance.(2

40、016课标全国课标全国II）6.says it _(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people _(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015课标全国课标全国I）7 and give out that that heat _(slow)during cool nights,(2015课标全国课标全国II）高考链接高考链接greaterregularlyslowly有提示词的有提示词的解题技巧解题技巧分析句子结构分析句子结构上下文语境上下文语境1N的单复数的单复数2转化为其他词性转化为其他词性有有提提示示词词：3N

41、1.in so many Chinese _(painting).(2015课标全国课标全国II）2.The nursery team switches him every few _(day)with his sister so that .(2016课标全课标全国国I）3 to avoid terrible _（crowd）(2017课标课标全国全国II）4 As _(nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians(2015课标全国课标全国II）高考链接高考链接paintingsdayscrowdsnatural综合检测综合检测1.1.I was delighte

42、d and was about to accept her I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first 38_ proposal when she suggested we first 38_ (go)to the West Lake and walk along the Broken(go)to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge.Bridge.2.2.Peter _(leave)for London on Peter

43、 _(leave)for London on business upon my arrival,so I didnt see him.business upon my arrival,so I didnt see him.3.3.I have to go to work by taxi because my car I have to go to work by taxi because my car _(repair)at the garage._(repair)at the garage.4.4.I went down there,_(pay)my penny and I went dow

44、n there,_(pay)my penny and got a receipt.got a receipt.paidisbeingrepairedhadleftgo5.There,40_(place)neatly 5.There,40_(place)neatly beside the empty dish,were two nickels beside the empty dish,were two nickels and five penniesher tip!and five penniesher tip!6.I then noticed that I had just 10 6.I t

45、hen noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 40_(complete)minutes left 40_(complete)the test!the test!7.My pupils,40_(include)Donnie,7.My pupils,40_(include)Donnie,adored her.adored her.8.It remains _(see)whether Jim 8.It remains _(see)whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.will be fit

46、enough to play in the finals.tocompleteplacedtobeseenincluding When a baby is in danger，its mother will be crazy and worried.This is something anyone can relate to，even though we are talking about a mother elephant 1._(separate)from her child.A video 2._(record)the reunion between the elephant and h

47、er 8monthold baby in Kenya was one of the most impressive scenes.The baby fell inside a manmade hole and was unable to climb out，according to the video 3._(release)by the Amboseli阅读下列短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。阅读下列短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。separatedrecordingreleasedmadeto helpto rescueTrust for Elephants.Despite the bes

48、t efforts 4._(make)by her desperate mother，the baby seemed helpless until a team of workers rushed 5._(help)They had to drive the overprotective mother away first，so that they could get close enough 6._(rescue)the baby with ropes and a vehicle.to pulltouchingrunningLuckily，the workers managed 7._(pu

49、ll)the baby to safety.What followed was a 8._(touch)scene.As soon as the baby was freed，it ran away across the plain.In the distance，the cries of her mother could be heard as she came 9._(run)from the opposite direction.The two were reunited,10._(hug)each other with their trunks.huggingSuccess ahead!Thank you!汇报结束谢谢大家!请各位批评指正