绝对判断匆忙结论.ppt

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1、Dicto SimpliciterDicto Simpliciter -绝对判断绝对判断 Hasty Generalization Hasty Generalization -匆忙结论匆忙结论Dicto Simplicite Dicto Simplicite -绝对判断绝对判断Definition:An argument based on an unqualified generalization.A fallacy in which a general rule is treated as universally true regardless of the circumstances:a

2、sweeping generalization For example:Exercise is good.Therefore everybody should exercise.The argument is a fallacy.Exercise is good is an unqualified generalization.For instance,if you have heart disease,exercise is bad,not good.Many people are ordered by their doctors not to exercise.You must quali

3、fy the generalization.You must say:exercise is usually good,or exercise is good for most people.Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.Dicto Simpliciter-绝对判断Dicto simpliciter fallacies are deductive fallacies(逻辑逻辑谬误谬误)that occur in statistical syllogisms(统计推论法统计推论法).A dicto simpliciter occ

4、urs when an acceptable exception(例外例外)is ignored or eliminated.For instance,the appropriateness(适当适当)of using opiates(鸦片，镇静剂鸦片，镇静剂)is dependent on the presence of extreme pain.To justify the recreational(消遣，娱消遣，娱乐性的乐性的)use of opiates by referring to a cancer patient or to justify arresting said canc

5、er patient by comparing him to the recreational user would be a dicto simpliciter.Hasty GeneralizationHasty Generalization-匆忙（草率）结论匆忙（草率）结论Definition:A fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased（公正的）evidence.Hasty GeneralizationHasty Generalization 匆忙匆忙（草率）结论草

6、率）结论Hasty generalization is a logical fallacy of faulty generalization by reaching an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence.It commonly involves basing a broad conclusion upon the statistics of a survey of a small group that fails to sufficiently represent the whole population.Hast

7、y Generalization-Example:You cant speak French.I cant speak French.He cant speak French.I must therefore conclude that nobody at our University can speak French.Its a fallacy.The generalization is reached too hastily.There are too few instances to support such a conclusion.So it is a Hasty Generalization Thank you!Thank you!