《高考大纲》2012届高频短语精讲精练四9590.pdf

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1、 第 1 页 共 8 页 高考大纲2012届高频短语精讲精练四 山东省平阴县第一中学 李玉刚 61.as far asso far as 就.而言,至于【例句】As far as I am concerned,Im not against your plan.就我而言，我并不反对你的计划。,远到【例句】He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。【总结】表示“直到为止”之意时，as far as 既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句；在表示“直到程度”之意的借喻说法中，as far as 和 so

2、far as 都可使用，但前者不及后者用得普遍。在表示“就而论”之意时，as far as 和 so far as 可互换使用。在表示“只要”、“尽所能”之意时，应用 as far as，不用 so far as。62.as if 似乎、好像【例句】She treats himas if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人。【总结】（一）as if 从句的作用。在 look,seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。如：She looks as if she were ten years younger 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。引导方式状语从句。如：She loves the boy

3、 as if she were his mother 她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。（二）、as if 还可用于省略句中 如果 as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样 as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。如：He acts as if（he was）a fool 他做事像个傻子。（三）、as if 从句的语气及时态 as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如：It sounds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he i

4、s drunk 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：a.如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：You look as if you didn t care 你看上去好像并不在乎。b.从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。c.从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形”。如

5、：He opened his mouth as if he would say something 他张开嘴好像要说什么。63.as long as.=so long as 只要【例句】As long as you dont betray me,Ill do whatever you ask me to(do).只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。as long as:和.一样长【例句】This line is four times as long as that one.这条线是那条线的四倍长。【总结】当用于同级比较时，as.as 既可用于肯定中也可用于否定句中，而 so.as 只能用于否定

6、句中。His pencil is as long as mine.His pencil isnt so/as long as mine.当表示只要时，两者没有什么区别，可以替换。e.g.Our profits will be good as/so long as the dollar remains strong.【词语辨析】as long as，as far as as long as 有“只要”的意思 As long as you keep working,you will get what you want.as far as 的意思比较抽象，可以表示距离上的“远到，直到”也有“据我所知

7、”的意思，翻译起来可根据上下文语境灵活处理。第 2 页 共 8 页 As far as I can see,it is a perfect plan.在我看来，这是个完美的计划。64.as though 似乎、好像【例句】He behaved as though nothing had happened.他装作若无其事的样子。【总结】as if/as though 的用法 as if 与 as though 是一组同义词，两者意思相同，用法也相同，只是在口语中人们多半会用 as if,取其简短。as if 和 as though 用法较为复杂，(一)在通常情况下，as if 和 as thou

8、gh 所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，表示所叙述的情况与事实相反。具体用法如下：1)谈论现在情形的，用过去时（动词 be 用 were,也可用 was）：Why is she looking at me as though she knew me?他为什么那样看我？像是认识我似的。He behaves as if he owned the house.他的样子好像他拥有这个房子。Its not as though he was/were poor.2)谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种：a)过去式，表示过去的状态，如：He stood there looking at the train a

9、nd laughing,as if to miss a train was the best joke in the world.他站在那里，望着火车哈哈大笑，好像误了火车是天底下最开心的事儿似的。Mr.Coleman always talked as if he knew everything.但是，如果状态动词带有持续时间状语，则用过去完成时：They talked as if they had been friends for years.(高二册，第 95 页)(试比较：They had been friends for years.)Now it is as though she h

10、ad known Millie for years.(现代英语用法词典)情态动词亦用过去时：b)过去完成时，表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成，如：It was as if he had lost his last friend.“I remember,”she tells her children now,“how wild his white hair lookedas if it had been electrified.”（高二册，第 91 页）必须注意的时，在指过去的动作时，即使主句是现在时，as if 从句中的动词也要用过去完成时：He talks about Rome as

11、though he had been there himself.他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。c)过去进行时，表示动作正在进行：He heard a noise,as if someone was breathing.（高一册，第 211 页）I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet.我感到大地仿佛在脚下滑动。d)过去将来时，表示将要发生的事态：It looked as if it was going to snow.（高一册，第 127 页）（二）.如果 as if 后面的从句所表示的情况时真实的或很可能时真实

12、的，则动词可以用陈述语气，在 feel,look,seem smell,sound,taste 之后尤其如此。试比较：F.T.Wood 所著 English Colloquial Idioms 中的两个例子：He walks as if he is drunk.He walks as if he were drunk.第一句表示“他已经醉了”，第 2 句则表示“他没有醉”。又如：It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if were going to rain.第一例意味着快要下雨了，第二例则意味着不会下雨。第 3 页 共 8 页（三).随

13、着语言的发展，as if 后面的从句即使反映的不是事实，也可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，这主要出现在口语或不太正式的文体中。例如：With the development of these new tools,it is as if man has suddenly become a millionaire of the mind.随着这些新工具的发展，人好像突然间成为精神上的百万富翁似的。（四）.在非正式文体（尤其是美国英语）中，可以用 like 做连词代替 as if 和 as though。例如：She started kissing me like we were on our hon

14、eymoon.她开始吻我，好像是在度蜜月似的。（五）.as if 和 as though 从句中的省略 当 as if 和 as though 从句的主语与主句一致时，该主语和后面的动词可以省略。于是便出现下面几种结构：1)as if+不定式 He opened his lips as if(he were)to make some reply.The bee checked its forward speed,circled and then drifted slowly over the mirrorlike surface of the pool as if to admire its

15、own reflection.蜜蜂放慢飞行速度，转了几圈儿，然后在清澈如镜的水潭上空慢慢地飘过，似乎要欣赏它自己的倒影。2)不定式+形容词或形容词短语 Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life.嘉莉觉得似乎无法再忍受这种生活了。He lay still for a long while,as if dead.3)as if+介词短语 He looked about as if(he was)in search of something.4)as if+现在分词 Nevertheless,the bee kept exercising the

16、wings slowly up and down,as though assessing the damage.然而，那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活动着它地翅膀，仿佛在估量着所受的损害。5)as if+名词 He acts as if(he was)a fool.6)as if+副词 He made that remark as if absently.他好像是漫不经心地说了那句话。现代英语惯用法词典上也有如下例句：He looked as if he were ill.He looks as if he had been ill.我们在前面也有过类似的例句。下面在提供一些主句用现在时而从句仍

17、用过去完成时的例句：A:Weve been back at work now for three days.我们回来上课到现在已三天了 B:I feel as if I had been back for three months.我感到似乎已回来三个月了。（比较：I have been back for three months.）（六）.as if 和 as though 的功能 1)引导方式状语从句 They talked as if they had been friends for years.2)引导表语从句 He looked as if he had just stepped

18、out of my book of fairy tales and had passed me like a spirit.(高二册，第 92 页)3)引导感叹句，表示对某种建议、假定、想象等的反对：As if I cared!好像我很在乎似的！（相当于：I dont care!）He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character.As if I ever should!他告诫我不要同可疑的人来往，好像我真会那样做似的！第 4 页 共 8 页 as well as 和一样 【例句】She as well as y

19、ou is an English teacher 她像你一样也是英文教师。与一样好【例句】He speaks Spanish as well as English他说西班牙语像说英语一样好.【总结】A as well as B 的结构里，语意的重点在 A，不在 B。66.as well 也;一样【例句】Wang Hai is a worker and a militiaman as well.王海是个工人，也是个民兵。【总结】as well 常用于肯定句句尾，表示“还，也”等意思。He knows French,and he knows English as well.他懂法语，他也懂英语。、

20、as well 后接 as，边接两个同类项，表示“不但，而且，和跟”等意思，强调 as well 前面的人或事物。He came as well as his brother.不仅他哥哥来了，而且他也来了。、as well as 和动词连用，表示同类事物相比较，结果一样好。He can speak English as well as you do.他英语说得和你一样好。【拓展】also 的用法 also 用于实义动词之前 also 用于实义动词之前 They also agree with me.他们也同意我的看法。also 用于 be 动词之后 also 用于 be 动词之后 I was

21、also there.我也在那儿。also 用于第一个助动词之后 also 用于第一个助动词之后 His sister has also gone to town.他的妹妹也到镇里去了。also 有时放在句首 also 有时放在句子的最前 Also,some students were tempted to add written comment of their own throughout the paper.一些学生也冒险通过论文写出他们自己的评论。also 不能放在句末 67.ask(that)sb.(should)do 要求某人应该做某事(虚拟语气)【例句】Heasked that

22、they(should)be allowed to use a dictionary.他要求准许他们用词典。【总结】.ask sb.to do 要求某人做某事。sb.是宾语，to do 是宾补。.ask（that）sb.（should）do 要求某人做某事。that 引导宾语从句。sb.sb.是宾语从句的主语。把 ask（that）sb.（should）do 结构中的括号去掉，也可以说成是 ask sb.do 68.ask for要,要求【例句】The miners areasking for another increase in pay.煤矿工人正在要求再次加薪。找(人)【例句】There

23、s an old man at the door,asking for you.门口有一位老人找你。【拓展】ask for a lift 要求搭车，ask for a loan 借款，ask for a answer 要求答复，ask for a ruling 要求作出裁决，ask for a divorce 申请离婚，ask for leave 请假，ask sb.for a lift 请某人让搭(车)一程 ask sb.for advice 取得某人的建议，ask some questions of sb.向某人提问(书面语)69.at a distance 有一些距离、在远处【例句】Th

24、e shops wereat a distance from where they lived.商店离他们住所有一段路。Dogs that bark at a distance bite not at hand.远处狗就叫，近身不会咬。【拓展】from a distance 从远方、in the distance 在很远的地方（目不可及），keep sb.at a distance 于某人保持一定距离 【总结】at a distance 在远处（目可及），in the distance 在很远的地方（目不可及）一定用名词。70.at a depth of 在.深处【例句】When he is

25、at a great depth of a sea,a diver get the bends.当潜水员潜到一定的深处，就会出现潜函病(深海潜水员因浮出水面太快而感到关节剧痛 呼吸困难的症状)。第 5 页 共 8 页【拓展】have a depth at 深达.reach a depth at:深达.attain a depth at:深达.to a depth of 深达 in depth:深入的，彻底,at a great depth 在很深处 71.at a loss 不知所措、困惑不解【例句】Im at a loss what to do next.我不知道下一步怎么办。亏本地 The

26、y sold the goods at a loss.他们亏本出售货物。【总结】at a loss 相当于一个形容词和副词，做表语和状语。【拓展】loss in 在.方面的亏损，在.的伤亡，at a loss over 对.不知所措:be at a loss to conj.感到为难 be at a loss as to 对.很困惑。72.at a low/high price 价格低(高)【例句】I bought this watch at a low price.我以便宜的价钱买了这只表【拓展】at the price of 以.的价格（通常用于表示买卖的动作的句子中）,with the

27、price（通常表示一种状态，不常用,73.at a low/high speed 速度很慢/快地【例句】The signals go to and fro at a very high but almost constant speed.那些信号用非常快但几乎不变的速度来回传送。【拓展】speed 作名词的用法(1)at+full/top/low/a high/an ordinary/the same+speed 以全（高、低、高、平常、同样)的速度(2)at a speed of.以的速度 at a speed of 700 miles an hour at a speed of 160m

28、/s.at a mouthful 一口、满口【例句】He wants to eat it up at a mouthful.他要一口把它吃掉。【拓展】swallow sth at a mouthful一口吞下某物，say a mouthful vi.说意味深长的话中肯的话)，make a mouthful of 一口吞下，fill ones mouth full 填满嘴，堵住嘴:75.at a time 一次;有时、曾经【例句】Personal enmities must be forgotten at a time of national crisis.民族危机当头，必须捐弃个人恩怨。【总结

29、】at a time 作“一次，每次”讲，常用于“数词+at a time”的结构中【词语辨析】at a time，at one time at a time 依次,逐一,每次.如;Dont try to do everything at once,take it a bit at a time.不要什么事情都一块干,要一次做一点.at one time 一度,从前.如:At one time I used to go skiing every winter.我有一度每到冬天就去滑雪.76.at first blush=at first glance 一瞥，乍一看(事先无准备地，即席地)【例句

30、】At first blush the matter seems easy,in fact it is not(quite)easy.乍看起来事情很容易，实际上并不完全如此。【总结】at first blush 是副词短语，作状语。【拓展】at first glance 和 at first sight 一瞥和初见（第一次见）前者表示看的匆忙，瞬间一看，看一眼后者表示第一次见，不一定只看一次。at first view 初看 77.as a result of 由于【例句】He was late as a result of the snow.由于大雪他迟到了【辨析】as a result，a

31、s a result of as a result 因此;结果 副词作状语。as a result of 介词短语，后接宾语。78.as soon as 一就【例句】As soon as I get to Beijing，Ill write to you我一到北京，就给你写信。第 6 页 共 8 页【总结】引导时间状语从句，符合主将从现规则（当主语是将来时态，从句用一般现在时），at least 至少、最少【例句】Shes completely homeless at least I have my parents to fall back on.她是真正无家可归-我至少有父母可依靠。【词语辨

32、析】at(the)least,not(in)the least 这一对短语都包含 least。at(the)least:意思是“至少”（指数量或程度上）也可解作“反正就是.”。它与 at the least，at the very least同义，可互换使用，但后两者有强调意味，远不及前者用得普遍。.The total enrolment of the university in the academic year 1991-1992 was at least 10，000，including undergraduate and postgraduate students 在 19911992

33、 学年期间，该大学至少有一万名大学生，包括本科大学生和研究主。.Even if you cannot help him，you can give him encouragement at least.就算你未能帮助他，至少你可以鼓励他。.Whether you like it or not，at the very least，this is reality.不管你是否喜欢，反正这是个现实。not(in)the least:意思是“毫不”、“一点也不”（by no means），也可写作 not in the least.但后者一般不用作定语。现今，后者更常见。.Are you cold？Not

34、（in）the least.你冷吗？一点也不冷。.Spanish has not the least interest for them（作定语，没有 in）他们对西班牙语毫不感兴趣。at leastif not more 如果不是更多，至少也【例句】I have to mop the kitchen floor at least once a day,if not more.若不是应该更多,我每天至少要把厨房地板擦洗一次。实战演练 61.(2003 上海卷 33）How far apart do they live?I know,they live in the same neighbour

35、hood.AAs long as BAs far as CAs well as DAs often as 62.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if _ yesterday.(全国 1)was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened 63.(2009 北京卷 22）.You may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards.A.so far as B.so long as C.in case D.even if 64.64.She i

36、s always talking as though she _ everything under the sun.A knew B knows C should know D must know 65.（1994 年）John plays football ,if not better than,David.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as 66.（99 年高考 11 小题）_ youve got a chance,you might as well make full use of it.A Now that B After C Alt

37、hough D As soon as 67.We _ the Conrads to come for dinner on Friday evening.A.have forbidden B.have allowed C.have followed D.have asked 68.Hes asked for unpaid_for a month lift B.divorce C.leave D.ruling 69.The painting can be only admired _.A.In the distance B.at a distance C.distant place D.dista

38、nt past 第 7 页 共 8 页 70.Many creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live _ six hundred feet.A.at a depth of B.reach a depth at C in depth .D.have a depth at 71.A man who has become conditioned to the life in the country may feel quite _ in the city.A.at the cost of B.at a loss C.in comm

39、on D.on the contrary 72.He sold the house at a _ price.A.expensive B.cheap C.small D.good 73.(2004 上海).The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A.as B.which C.what D.That 74.He took _sweet country air.A.a piece of B.a bit of C.a mouthful of D.a loaf

40、 of 75.(2007 年江西卷)Experts have been warning _ of the health risks caused by passive smoking.A.at a time B.at one time C.for some time D.for the time 76.Although this seems positive at first _,its a big risk for a small publisher if any of the bad scenarios described above play out or if the book sim

41、ply doesnt sell.A.stare B.blush C.glare D.look 77.Thousands suffered death or mutilation _ the bomb attacks.A.as a result B.as a matter of fact C.result in D.as a result of 78.Ill return the book to the library as soon as I _ it.will finish B.am going to finish C.finished D.have finished 79.（2008 全国

42、卷 B）The house still needed a lot of work,but _ the kitchen was finished.A.instead B.altogether C.at once D.at least 80.His monthly income is at least 3000 yuan.if_ A.no more B.not more C.no more than D.not more than 名师精析 61.答案：B.题意：他们住的离这有多远？据我所知，他们是邻居。【名师解析】本题考查 as far as I know“”据我所知”固定用法。62.答案：D

43、题意：伊莉莎准确的记住所有事情就好像是事情是昨天发生的一样【名师解析】本题考查 as if as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。从句省略了主语和助动词 had.63.答案：B.题意：只要你后来把房子打扫干净，你就可以按照你喜欢的方式使用这间房子。【名师解析】考查状语从句的用法。as long as=so long as 只要。64.答案：B.题意：她总是不停地讲，好像她知道天下所有的事情。【名师解析】在条件状语从句中，主句往往用将来时，从句用一般时表将来。65.答案 B.题意：John 和 David 打球一样好，如果不比他更好的话 【名师解

44、析】as well 是也的意思你可以这样理解John plays football as well as David,if not better than him.66.答案：A.题意：既然你得到了机会，你最好要充分利用它。【名师解析】might as well 就是表示“建议”，意思可理解为 had better，弄明白了 might as well 的意思，此题的答案就一目了然了，答案应选 A，67.答案：D.题意：我们已邀请康拉德一家在星期五晚上来吃饭。【名师解析】A,B，C 选项符合语法以及单词的用法，但意义有偏差。68.答案：C.题意：他请了一个月的停薪假。【名师解析】A、B、D 要

45、求一月的打车、离婚和裁决不符合逻辑。69.答案：B.题意：这幅画要在远处欣赏。第 8 页 共 8 页【名师解析】C、D 两选项不符合题意。at a distance 在远处（目可及），in the distance 在很远的地方（目不可及）70.答案：A.题意许多生物人类极少能看到他们的生存，因为他们生活在 600 英尺深的海水中。【名师解析】reach a depth at 和 have a depth at 是动词短语，本句不缺谓语动词。in depth 不能做定语，一般作状语。at a depth of 后跟名词、代词等。71.答案：B.题意：一个已经过惯了农村生活的人在城市里可能会感到

46、手足无措。【名师解析】at the cost of 以为代价 at a loss 不知所措、困惑不解 in common 有共同点 on the contrary 相反 72.答案：D.题意：他以很高的价钱卖了那所房子.【名师解析】价格的高低用：high,low 而不用：expensive,cheap。.可以用 good price 表高价，好价。73.答案：C 题意：前天，我哥哥开车以他认为安全的速度沿着街道行驶。【名师解析】从句与“the street”构不成修饰关系，所以从句不是定语从句.故 A,B 选项排除,又因主句不缺主干成分，无法接 what 引导的名词从句故 D 选项排除.选项

47、C at what 是介宾短语作主句状语.what 本身引导一个名词从句来表述“”以一种什么样的速度。74.答案：C.题意：他吸一口清香的乡村空气。【名师解析】a piece of 一条、块.a bit of 一点(接不可数名词)；a mouthful of 一口；a loaf of 一条，块.75.答案：C.题意：专家多次警告被动吸烟会引发健康危机。【名师解析】句中有“have been”表示这句话是现在完成时，代表一个事情已经持续到现在，所以显然不是A 和 B（at 表示在一个时间），而 D 也是错的，因为 for 后面应该是接一段时间而不能是 the time。76.答案：B.题意：虽然

48、咋一看这个方式不错，但如有上述情况发生或者图书本身根本卖不掉，那麽对小规模分销商来说将是极大的风险。【名师解析】没有 at firs stare,at first glare,at first look 固定搭配。77.答案：D.题意：这场空袭造成数千人死的死伤的伤.【名师解析】as aresult 因此;结果 副词作状语,后不接宾语。as a matter of fact 实际上,事实上;不符合题意。result in 是动词短语，本句不缺谓语。as a result of 由于 78.答案;D 题意：我一把书看完就会还回图书馆去。【名师解析】主句用的将来时态，as soon as 引导从句

49、一般用一般现在时态。79.答案：D.题意：那座房子仍然有许多活，但是至少厨房已经。【名师解析】instead adv.代替，反而；altogether adv.总共，完全；at once 立刻，马上 80.答案：D.题意：他的月薪至少 3000 元，若不是应该更多。【名师解析】因为这里是一个省略句。If his monthly income is not 3000yuan，it will be more(it 就是说的她的月收入 3000 元。）no more 不再,不再存在,也不;no more than至多，同一样不不过，仅仅，和.一样不;not more than至多；不比更少于，不足