高中英语作文-英语写作提升32讲.ppt

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1、基本句型篇章连贯篇章连贯图表作文图表作文表格类作文采访类作文简单句的高级句式简单句的高级句式调查类作文讨论辩论类作文如何写发言稿如何写通知如何写招领启事如何写招领启事人物简介人物简介地点简介地点简介节日简介节日简介报道灾难事件报道灾难事件兴趣爱好兴趣爱好说明计划说明计划叙述事件或活动发表看法发表看法赞成反对型说明重要性说明重要性分析原因分析原因提出建议问题解决问题解决观点论证观点论证列举个例举例说明今昔对比利弊对比观点对比说明异同假设处境心得体会经历感受概括记叙文的要点概括说明文的要点概括议论文的要点段落主题句的模式主题句展开的模式文章结束语的模式点击内容可直接进入基本句型一、简单句的五个基本

2、句型A.用简单句翻译下列句子1.这是我的爷爷。_.2.我的爷爷是位退休教师。_.3.现在爷爷和我们住在一起。_.4.爷爷在阳台上种了各种各样的花。_.This is my grandfatherMy grandfather is a retired teacherMy grandfather is living with us nowGrandfather plants all kinds of flowers on our balcony5.爷爷很爱他的花儿。_.6.花儿使我们的家变得更加漂亮。_.7.爷爷给我们带来了更多的欢乐。_.B.适当添加细节和关联词，将上面的句子合并成 5 句话的连

3、贯的短文。范文诵读：My grandfather is a retired teacher.He is living with usnow.He plants all kinds of flowers on our balcony which he lovesvery much.The flowers make our house more beautiful.We arehappier since Grandfather came to live with us.Grandfather loves his flowers very muchThe flowers make our house

4、 more beautifulGrandfather brings us more happiness二、There be 句型此句型是由“therebe主语状语”构成，用以表达“某地有某物”。there be 句型其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。be 动词与其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致，有时态的变化。如：现在有 there is/are.过去有 there was/were.将来有 there will be./there is/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been.可能有 there

5、might be.肯定有 there must be./there must have been.过去一直有 there used to be.似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be.碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be.另外，此句型有时可用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive 等词代替 be 动词。如：There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.山脚下住着一位老人。There came a shout for“hel

6、p”有人喊救命。There goes the bell.铃响了。There lies a book on the desk.课桌上放着一本书。翻译下列句子1.灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。_.2.战前这儿一直有家电影院。_.3.恰好那时房里没人。_.4.我家门前有一条河。_.5.广州是一座有着 2200 多年文明历史的古城，而且发展很快。_.The light is on.There must be someone in the officeThere used to be a cinema here before the warThere happened to be nobody in the

7、 room at that timeThere lies/is a river in front of my houseThere lies/is a river in front of my houseis developing rapidly toothan 2,200 years,简单句的高级句式简单句的高级句式简单句其实也可以不简单，若将简单句与非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、同位语、独立主格结构等巧妙地结合在一起，不但可以表达更丰富的内容，而且也使句子变得更精彩，充分显示考生在英语表达上的实力。如：1.同位语I want to have a pen friend,hopeful

8、ly a girl in her earlytwenties and with interests similar to mine.我想有一个笔友，希望是一个二十出头且兴趣相投的女孩子。(同位语中又有两个并列的介词短语修饰)2.形容词短语Afraid of difficulty,he prefers to do the easy math problem.他害怕困难，宁愿做容易的数学题。3.不定式短语In order to study well,we need to do sports.为了学习好，我们需要做体育运动。4.现在分词短语In this picture,a mother bird

9、stays in her nest in a big tree,watching her babies flying away.在这幅图中，一只鸟妈妈待在一棵大树的鸟巢里，看着她的鸟仔飞走了。5.过去分词短语Compared with letters and public phones,mobile phonesand the Internet are faster and much more convenient.与信件和公用电话相比，手机和网络更快也更方便。6.介词短语Instead of giving us answers immediately,he encourages usto t

10、hink by ourselves.他鼓励我们独立思考，而不是马上告诉我们答案。一、完成句子1.我是李华，一名四川学生。(用同位语)Im Li Hua,_.2.与其他老师相比，摩尔先生更注意教学方法。(用过去分词短语)_,Mr.Moore pays more attentionto his way of teaching.3.北京动物园，建于 1906 年，有 100 多年的历史了。(用过去分词短语)The Beijing Zoo,_,has a history of morethan 100 years.a student in Sichuan Compared with other tea

11、chersbuilt in 19064.李华在公交车站等 601 路公交车去上学。(用现在分词短语)Li Hua was at the bus stop,_.5.我们学生应当通过努力学习而不是考试作弊来获得好成绩。(用介词短语)We students should try to get good results by studying hard,_.waiting for Bus No.601 to go toschoolinstead of cheating in examinations 二、合并句子1.The moon travels round the earth once every

12、 month.Themoon is a natural satellite of the earth.(用现在分词短语合并句子)_.2.He was wellknown for his expert advice.He was able tohelp a great number of people with their personal affairs.(用形容词短语合并句子)_.The moon,traveling round the earth once every month,is anatural satellite of the earthWellknown for his exp

13、ert advice,he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs篇章连贯篇章连贯在英语写作中，要做到篇章结构连贯，除在内容的组织安排上要注意前后的逻辑性外，有时还需恰当使用能承上启下的关联词语。最常用的词有：1.用 at first,then,after that,finally 填空I had a bad cold last week._,I had a running nose,but I did not take it seriously._I began to cough._,I ha

14、d afever and felt weak._,I was sent to hospital and had to liein bed for three days.2.用 then,later,after that 填空I bought a mobile phone on 20th Apr.2011.Ten days _,itdidnt ring or send short messages._ I took it to the seller,butwas told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at leastthr

15、ee months for a new one._I went to the repairman.At firstThenAfter thatFinallylaterThenAfter that图表作文图表作文图表包括表示数量大小或数量之间差异的条形或柱状图(bar chart)，显示数据变化的曲线图(graph)，以及以圆内扇形的大小表示各部分所占比例的饼形图(pie chart)。图表作文实际上是要求考生将图表中的数据、图形转换成文字，并就图表中所反映的情况作出分析或发表议论。【技巧点拨】1.读取信息。写作前我们必须仔细读图，掌握图表上提供的信息及每一栏上面的小标题的标注，由此弄清楚设计者

16、想通过图表反映出的信息、问题或现象。2.处理信息。在掌握全部信息的基础上对信息进行分析与对比，同时考虑文章的布局、段落的划分以及上下文的连贯等。3.文章结构。文章一般应包括：Part 1：General idea(conclusion/tendency)(图表反映的问题或总体趋势)Part 2：Facts(to support the idea)(具体数据或事实)Part 3：Reason(原因分析)Part 4：Solutions/Suggestions(解决问题的办法或建议)在写作时，这四个部分不一定全部被包括在内，应根据写作要求或具体情况而定。4.列举数据时要避免过多地重复使用百分比，可

17、以用约数、倍数等来表达。强调“少”可用 only(只有)等，强调“多”可用 asmany/much as(多达)等。【必备词汇】1.上 升：rise,go up,climb,rocket(迅 速 上 升),soar(猛 增),increase2.下降：go down,fall,drop,decline,decrease3.起始：from.to.,to4.程度：by.5.急 缓：slow,slowly;slight,slightly;quick,quickly;steady,steadily;sharp(急 剧 的),sharply(急 剧 地);dramatically(显 著 地);rema

18、rkably(显著地)6.趋势：upward trend(上涨趋势),downward trend(下跌趋势)7.不变：stay,remain(依然是)8.其他：account for 30%of the total(占总量的 30%),at the samerate(以相同的速率),average(平均的),annual(每年的),figure/number(数字),amount(数量),percentage(百分比)【实用套语】1开头(1)From the graph/table/chart above,we can see that.从上表我们可以看出(2)As can be seen

19、from the table(As we can see clearlyfrom the table).正如从图表中所看到的(3)As is shown by the graph,there had been a rapid increasein.正如曲线所示，飞速增长。(4)From the statistics given in the table,it can be seen that.从表中所给的统计数字可以看出(5)It can be concluded from the graph that there has been agreat decline in.从曲线图可以得出结论，下

20、降了很多。(6)The graph shows/includes that.图表显示/表明2原因说明(1)There are two reasons that account for this phenomenon.有两个原因可以解释这种现象。(2)A number of factors could account for/contribute to/leadto/result in the change/success/increase.许多因素可以说明/导致/引起这个变化/成功/增长。(3)The reason for.is that.的原因是3结尾(1)We can draw the c

21、onclusion that.我们可以得出(2)From the changes in the charts,we can predict that.从图表的变化来看，我们可以预计(2012 届梅州中学第二次月考)假设你于 4 月 23 日的“世界读书日”(World Reading Day)在你所在的学校进行了一项阅读习惯调查，以下是其中的一项调查结果。请用英语写一篇短文，说明相关内容及结果等。A买书阅读B网上下载或在线阅读C从朋友处或图书馆借阅 D学校阅览室阅读写作内容1.调查内容及时间；2.调查结果；3.问题：阅览室的使用率(use rate)不高；4.建议：(1)延长阅览室的开放时间；

22、(2)书店送书到校，方便学生购买。写作要求只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容。范文诵读范文诵读：On World Reading Day,we carried out a survey about thereading habits of high school students.According to the survey,45.75%of the students read books they buy and 8.5%of themdownload ebooks or read online.35.75%of the students borrowbooks from friends or

23、 the library and 11%of them read in theschool readingroom.From the survey we can see that the use rateof the school readingroom is not high enough.We suggest that itsopening hours be extended and meanwhile bookstores be invitedinto the school to make it convenient for students to buy books.表格类作文表格类作

24、文是将要表达的主要信息置于表格中，要点明确，范围具体，使考生对所提供的信息一目了然。【技巧点拨】写这类作文时，考生要注意以下几点：1注意文体结构，切忌写成“填表题”。表格类基础写作题虽然以表格作为提示，但一定要用短文的形式来表达。2灵活转换信息，切忌“一对一直译”。表格中的中文提示有些概括性强、比较简洁，有些较为抽象、复杂，所以表达时切忌逐字逐句机械地直译、硬译。要灵活调整信息，适当补充成分、采用意译法等写出符合英语表达习惯的文章。3善用表格上下、左右关系，巧妙组合信息。基础写作要求只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容，所以考生要通过适当的逻辑关系整合要点。如表达果因关系，就可以考虑用 for,be

25、cause,therefore 等来组合信息。4采用多种表达法，避免句式单一。表格里每一栏或列的内容一般用来表达同类信息，如建议、方法等。为了避免句式重复、单调、呆板，考生要学会用不同的表达方式表达同类的信息。5形成全局观念，防止遗漏“间接要点”。在表达完表格里的信息外，也应注意表格前的情景说明，还应考虑文意及文章结构是否完整。(2012 届广东六校联合体 11 月联考)假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Bob 即将来深圳旅游，应他的要求，请你写一封 email，介绍深圳湾体育中心(Shenzhen Bay Sports Center)“春茧”(the Spring Cocoon)。写作内容写作要求

26、1.只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容；2邮件的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总句数。Dear Bob，I was so glad to hear that you are coming to Shenzhen for atravel.Sincerely yours，Li Hua范文诵读：Dear Bob，I was so glad to hear that you are coming to Shenzhen for a travel.Shenzhen Bay Sports Center,nicknamed as the“Spring Cocoon”because of its shape of a

27、 cocoon,is located at the northeast corner of the center of Nanshan District,Shenzhen and next to Hong Kong.Covering an area of 326,000 square metres,it includes a stadium,a gym,a natatorium and some star hotels.Its construction work started in October 2008 and came to an end at the end of 2010.It w

28、as in the Spring Cocoon that the opening ceremony of 26th Universiade was held as well as the training and competitions for football,pingpong ball,swimming and so on and after the Universiade it is open to the public for free.As a new landmark representing the image of Shenzhen City,it means that ex

29、cellent young athletes rush out of the cocoon and into the world.Sincerely yours，Li Hua采访类作文【谋篇布局】1.交待采访的时间、对象、主题等。2.描述数据和信息呈现出的问题所在，并分析原因。3.被采访人提出个人观点或对解决该问题提出建议。【实用套语】1.交待采访的时间、对象和主题Last weekend,I had an interview with Professor Wang,aneyedoctor,concerning about the issue of shortsightedness ofsch

30、ool children in China.上周末，我就全国学生的近视问题采访了眼科医生王教授。(2009 年广东)2.采访对象所述的问题与原因分析(1)According to Professor Wang,slightly more than half ofthe school children in our country are shortsighted,ranking thefirst in the world.据王教授所说，我国略多于一半的学生都是近视，居世界首位。(2009 年广东)(2)He also pointed out that the causes for shorts

31、ightednessare so complicated that no medicine can cure shortsightedness.他还指出说，导致近视的原因很复杂，没有药物能治愈近视。(2009 年广东)3.陈述专家的个人观点或建议(1)He suggested that school children avoid overuse of theireyes and do more outdoor activities.他建议学生应避免过度使用眼睛并且多做户外活动。(2009年广东)(2)He particularly reminded us that how to hold a

32、pen isalso related to shortsightedness.他特别提醒我们如何握笔也和近视有关。(2009 年广东)假设你是校报小记者，最近进行了一次采访，以下是这次采访的情况：1时间：上周末2对象：营养专家王教授3主题：我国中学生的早餐问题4基本信息：(1)90%的调查对象吃早餐(2)早餐营养不均衡5专家解读：(1)原因：学生睡眠不足导致早上起床匆忙，早餐来不及吃。(2)建议：让学生认识到早餐的重要性，一定要吃早餐。(3)特别提示：家长应抽出时间给学生准备营养丰富的早餐。写作内容请根据以上情况用英语写一篇采访报道，并包括以下内容：1.采访的时间、对象和主题；2.中学生吃早餐

33、的现状；3.专家解读。写作要求只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容。范文诵读：(交待采访时间、对象和主题)Last week I had an interview with Professor Wang,a nutritionist,concerning about the problem of Chinese students breakfast.(交待问题)The research I did before shows that ninety percent of interviewees eat breakfast but are on an imbalanced diet.(陈述原因)Acc

34、ording to Professor Wang,lacking of sleep causes students hurry getting up and having little time for breakfast.(专家建议)He suggested that students should realize the significance of breakfast and be sure to eat breakfast every single day.He particularly suggested that parents make time preparing nouri

35、shing breakfast for their children.调查类作文调查的结果往往会用表格或图表的形式来表述，因此高考中调查类作文常用“少量文字表格或图表”的形式来命题。【谋篇布局】1.写作时，第一句开门见山地交待调查的基本情况，即阐述调查的时间、对象、主题等情况。(1 句)2.阐述调查结果，描述表格中的数据所反映的情况、数据间的主要差异或趋势，或有的还要求谈谈数据所反映出来的问题，并分析原因。(3 句)3.提出个人观点或对解决该问题提出建议。(1 句)【实用套语】1.交待调查的时间、对象和主题(1)Last week,we did a survey among 2,600 stu

36、dents on“who is your idol”上周，我们以“谁是你的偶像”为题，在 2600 名学生中进行了一次调查。(2)I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30girls in my class about their purpose of surfing the Internet.最近我对我班的 60 名同学进行了调查，看他们上网做什么。(3)Last week,we did/conducted/carried out a surveyamong all the students in our school on the

37、time they spent insleeping every day.上周，我们就每天的睡眠时间对全校学生进行了调查。(4)Recently,a survey has been done to find out how middleschool students spend their pocket money.日前，针对中学生零用钱的消费方向，对某中学学生进行了问卷调查。2.阐述调查结果(1)From the table,we can conclude(that)over 20%of theteenagers are addicted to smoking.根据上表，我们可以得出如下结论

38、：超过 20%的青少年吸烟上了瘾。(2)As is shown in the above table,Senior Three studentsspend the least time in sleeping.如上表所示，高三学生睡眠时间最少。(3)As can be seen from the table above,more than 70%ofthe students have formed a very good habit of study.从上表可以看出，70%以上的学生已经形成了良好的学习习惯。3.描述数据所反映的问题在描述调查结果所反映出来的问题时，考生可以用非限制性定语从句或

39、分词短语来表达。如：(1)30%of the students questioned say they think it better notto have physical exercise,which shows/mirrors/reflects/revealsthat these students lack the awareness of keeping healthy.在被调查的学生中，有 30%的人说，他们认为最好不要进行体育锻炼。这表明，这些学生缺乏保持健康的意识。(2)Only seven percent of the students are interested in lo

40、okingup new words in the dictionary,showing/mirroring/reflectingthat owing to their laziness,these students would rather be giveneverything by their teachers.只有 7%的学生喜欢利用词典查生词，这表明这些学生由于太懒，宁愿老师包办一切。4.阐述个人观点或建议(1)As far as I am concerned,effective measures should beinstantly taken to help students to

41、spare time for sleeping.在我看来，应该立即采取有效措施来帮助学生获得休息时间。(2)From my own perspective,we should take action to helpstudents to make good use of study time.在我看来，我们应当采取措施帮助学生好好利用学习时间。假如你是李明，某报社委托你在就读的中学生进行关于午睡情况的问卷调查。请根据下表中的内容(打的选项为大多数人的选择)，用英语写一封信，简要向报社介绍调查的结果。午睡情况调查表1你有午睡的习惯吗？A.有B.没有2你大约何时开始午睡？A.12：00B.12：3

42、0C.13：003你通常午睡多长时间？C.约 50 分钟A.约 15 分钟 B.约 30 分钟4你通常在什么地方午睡？C.宿舍A.教室 B.家中5你认为午睡有好处吗？A.有B.没有 C.不确定写作内容请根据以上调查的结果写一篇调查总结，并简要谈谈你对午睡的好处的看法。写作要求1只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容；2调查的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总句数；3参考词汇：午睡 take a nap after lunch;宿舍 dormitoryDear Editor，Recently I have conducted a survey on taking a nap afterlunch in my

43、school.Yours，Li Ming范文诵读：Dear Editor，Recently I have conducted a survey on taking a nap after lunch in my school.Most of the students have the habit of sleeping for a while at noon.The majority prefers to take a nap around 13：00 and it usually lasts for about 50 minutes.They often choose to sleep in

44、 the dormitory instead of at home or in the classroom.When it comes to the benefits of taking a nap,they all agree that it does some good to their health.As we know,with a nap after noon,one can feel refreshed and energetic enough to study more efficiently in the afternoon.Yours，Li Ming讨论辩论类作文【谋篇布局】

45、1.开头：提出问题或引出讨论或辩论的主题Recentlywehavehadadiscussion/debateon/about(whether).2.主体：陈述不同观点及其理由表示赞同：agree with,favour the idea,be for the idea,be infavour of,approve of表示反对：dont agree with,be against the idea,disagree理由：because,for,they say,saying that,for the reason that3.结尾：表明个人观点Personally,I think.As fo

46、r me.In my opinion.【实用套语】1.开头：提出问题或引出讨论或辩论的主题(1)We had a discussion about whether it is the only way outfor senior students to go to college.我们就上大学是否是高中生的唯一出路进行了讨论。(2)Recently our class have held a discussion on how to carryout the Citizens Basic Moral Standards and become a successfulyoung man.最近我班

47、就如何实施公民的基本道德规范和做一个有为青年进行了讨论。(3)Recently,in our class there has been a heated discussionabout whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.最近我班就北京动物园是否应迁出市区进行了讨论。(4)Im writing to tell you about a recent discussion our classhave had on whether or not university students should befinancially

48、 independent.我写信是要告诉你我班最近就大学生是否应该经济独立进行讨论的情况。注意：有时还会用“Opinions are divided on the question.”之类的过渡句，然后再引出不同观点。2.表示赞同及理由(1)Some of my classmates are in favour of the move.Theysay large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in trafficjams.They also say.有的同学赞同迁出。他们认为参观动物园的游客太多会造成交通拥挤。他们还说(2)The mino

49、rity of the students hold the opinion thatpunishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents andincrease traffic safety.大多数学生持这种观点：惩罚(乘坐酒醉驾车的)乘客有助于减少交通事故和提高交通安全。3表示反对及理由由正及反常用 however,on the other hand 等过渡词。如：(1)60%of the students are against the idea of entrancefee.They believe.有 60%的人反对公园收

50、费，他们认为(2)Nearly 70%of us disagree since it makes us fall into thehabit of dependence,so that we wont form the good habit ofstudying.我们中将近有 70%的人不同意(父母陪读)，因为这会让我们养成依赖习惯，结果将不会形成良好的学习习惯。4.结尾：表明个人观点(1)In my opinion,we can receive a better education at collegeso that we can serve our motherland better.依我