选修unitreading学习教程.pptx

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1、TwinsTheyarebornnaturallyandidenticalinsexandappearance.第1页/共80页A strawberry plantThenewplantsthatgrowfromtherunnersareexactcopiesoftheoriginalplant.第2页/共80页一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。第3页/共80页富贵竹插枝即活Thegardenershouldcuttheplant,thenthecuttingproduceanothernewplant.第4页/共80页1996 cloning sheeps第5页

2、/共80页2001 cloning cattle第6页/共80页我国成功繁殖克隆兔 体形要比普通兔大许多2002年5月中旬成功地繁殖了一只胚胎细胞克隆兔。第7页/共80页2002 cloning cats第8页/共80页2002年4月16日美国第一头克隆牛“艾米”产下牛犊喜作妈咪。第9页/共80页2005 cloning dogs第10页/共80页Inpairsdiscusswhatyouunderstandaboutcloning.Thenlistthequestionsyouwanttofindout.Shareyourlistswithoneanother.Pre-reading 第11

3、页/共80页1.Whatisaclone?Acloneisananimaloraplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit.第12页/共80页2.Howisacloneproduced？Thecloningofplantsissimpleandrelativelyeasy.Itcanbedonebytakingcuttings(man-madecloning)orlettingtheplantproduceitsownrunners(naturalcl

4、oning).Thecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.Itwasnotachieveduntil1996andisfullyexplainedinthefirstreading.第13页/共80页第14页/共80页3.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning？Medicalcloningcanhelpcureseriousillnessesthatruinonesqualityoflife(suchasParkinsonsdiseaseorAlzheimersdisease).Itcanhelpinfertilepeopleha

5、vebabies.第15页/共80页4.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?Peoplemaywanttoclonethemselvessotheycanliveforever.Peoplemaywanttoclonedeadchildren.Peoplemaywanttoclonetheirfavouritepets.第16页/共80页1.Whatisthemaintopic?A.Cloning.B.Dollythesheep.C.Itwillleadustosomeplaces.2.Whatisthewritingstyle?A.Expositi

6、ve(说明性的).B.Descriptive.C.Argumentative(议论性的).A A 第17页/共80页Learning tips:Thepassageiswrittenintheexpositive style.Thatistosaythetextisinthethirdpersonandinfactualandformallanguage.Itgivesdifferent points of viewanddoesnottrytopersuadethereadertomakeuphis/herownmind.第18页/共80页3.Dollythesheep_.A.lookede

7、xactlylikethesheepthatprovidestheegg.B.wastheexactcopyofthesheepthatprovidesthenucleus.C.lookedlikethesheepthatgavebirthtoit.D.hadthecharacteristicsofallthreesheep.B 第19页/共80页4.It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_.A.usually lives as long as the original one B.usually lives longe

8、r than the original one C.usually dies earlier than the original one D.is usually as healthy as the original oneC 第20页/共80页5.Whichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofcloning?A.Cloningcanbeusedformedicalpurposes.B.Largequantitiesoffoodcanbeproducedbycloning.C.Cloningcanhelpkeepanimalsfrombecomingextinct.

9、D.Famouspersonswhohavepassedawaycanbecloned.D 第21页/共80页6.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.Clonedpeoplecouldliveforever.B.Clonedpeoplemaybekilledatwillformedicalaid.C.Awomanwouldhavedifficultyrecognizingherrealhusband.D.Menwilldieoutbecauseawomancangivebirthtoababywithoutahusband.A 第22页/共80页7.Whichstatem

10、entisNOTtrue?A.Cloningissomethingthathasbeendevelopedquiterecently.B.Twinsthatlookexactlythesameareoriginallyfromthesameegg.C.Cloningisusedbygardenerstomakemoremoney.D.Animalcloningismuchmoredifficultthanplantcloning.A 第23页/共80页8.ThecloningofDollythesheepsucceededbecause_.A.itseasiertocloneasheeptha

11、notheranimalsB.thescientistsweredeterminedandworkedhardwithpatienceC.thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofmoneyD.manyotherattemptstoclonemammalsfailedB第24页/共80页9.Thelambisthecloneofthecellfromsheepbecause_.A.itprovidestheeggcellB.itgivesbirthtothelambC.itprovidesthenucleusD.itisafemalesheep10.Theshe

12、epthatdonatedthesomaticcellmostprobablylived_years.A.3B.6C.9D.12CD 第25页/共80页11.Themainideaofthetextis_A.animalcloningisveryvaluableandcanbenefittheworld.B.animalcloningcouldbemisusedbybadpeoplesoitmustbeforbidden.C.animalcloningiswelldevelopedbecauseDollythesheepwasborn.D.animalcloningraisedargument

13、sandscientistsarenotsureaboutitsfuture.D第26页/共80页12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaproblemordangerofcloningmentionedinthetext?A.Evilleadersmaywanttoclonethemselves.B.Animalclonesmaydeveloptheillnessofolderanimalsandmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals.C.Therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings.D.Toomuchclo

14、ningmayleadtothedestructionofthebalanceofnature.D 第27页/共80页13.Wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat_.A.thenormaldevelopmentofDollyhadnoeffectonthecloningofotherspecies.B.Dollysseriousdiseaseandfinaldeathdisturbedthewholeworld.C.Dollysuccessfullyclonedanewlambwiththehelpofcloningscientists.D.there

15、wereargumentsaboutanimalcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloning.D第28页/共80页Careful reading Themainideaofeachparagraph.Cloningis_2.Cloninghas_uses.3.The_ofDolly.4.The_ofclonginginsociety.5.Theattitudestowardscloning.awayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalandplant.problemstwomajoreffect第29页/共80页Ithapp

16、ensbothin_andin_.Theycanbeclonedby_and_.plantsanimalsthemselveshumansNatural cloneMan-made clonePara 1:The definition of cloning第30页/共80页1.Howmanymajorusesdocloninghave?Firstly,commercialSecondly,research2.Howmanyfemalesheepparticipateinthecloningofanewsheep?3.WhenwasthecloningofDollythesheepborn?3P

17、ara 2:The major uses and procedures of cloning1996第31页/共80页normallyDollylivedforsixandahalfyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalone.Para 3:The problems of Dolly第32页/共80页Theword“controversial”inPara4probablymeans_.A.complicatedB.arguableC.important Para 4:The impact of DollyB 第33页/共80页Trueorfalse

18、:1.PeoplefearedthatClonedHitlerswoulddoharmtotheworld.2.Alltheresearchintohumanbeingswillbeforbidden.3.Somecountrieswillusecloninginawiseway.Para 5:Peoples reaction to cloningManygovernmentsforbaderesearchintohumanbeings.T TF 第34页/共80页Hitler:an evil leader第35页/共80页意大利狂人医生:安蒂诺里冒死也要克隆人的科学家:布瓦瑟利耶第36页/共

19、80页1 Read the passage and answer these questions.Comprehending 1.Whatarethetwomajorusesofcloning?Thefirstuseistoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.Thesecondistoresearchonnewplantsspeciesanddomedicalresearchonanimals.第37页/共80页2.Whyisiteasiertomakecommercialplantclonesthananimalclones?Cloningplantsis

20、straightforward,butthecloningofanimalsisverycomplicated.第38页/共80页3.Whatwasthefirstclonefromanadultanimal?Atwhatagedidthisclonedie?4.Whyiscloningcontroversialinsomecountries?ThefirstclonefromanadultanimalwasDollythesheep.Shediedin2003attheageof6andahalf.Cloningiscontroversialinsomecountriesformoralan

21、dreligiousreasons.第39页/共80页AnimalsmayDeveloptheillnessesofolderanimals.Fill in the chart.Medicalcloningcouldproducecuresforseriousillnessesinhumans.第40页/共80页AnimalclonesmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimalsEvilleadermaywanttoclonethemselves.Therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings.Cloningplantscanprod

22、uceplantsofsimilarqualityforsale.Cloningplantscanbeusefulforresearchonnewplantspecies.Cloningcanhelpsaveendangeredanimals.第41页/共80页3Whatdoyouthinkisthewriterspointofviewinthisreadingpassage?Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit?Ithinkthewriterisbecauseimpartialhe/shedoesnotstateanypersonalopinionaboutclo

23、ning.第42页/共80页1.Doyousupporttheideaofproducinghumanembryos(胚胎)formedicalpurposes?Why?2.Doyouthinkitagoodideatouseclonedhumansfororgan(器官)transplants?Why?3.Doyouthinkaclonedhumanshouldhavehumanrights?Why?4.Doyouthinkclonedhumanswillhavethesametalentsastheoriginalones?Why?Discussion第43页/共80页Asacoinhas

24、twosides,everythinghastwoaspects.First,ifthecloningisusedinacorrectwayitcanbringmanyconveniencestous.Suchas:curingseriousillnessesandbeingusedtoproducecommercialqualitiesofplants.Ontheotherhand,ifthecloningisusedinanevilwayitcancausemuchtroubles:suchasmoralquestions.第44页/共80页Practice activity:Debate

25、 Areyouinfavorofcloningoragainstcloning?Whatisyourpointofviewonit?第45页/共80页1.Thishappensinplantswhengardenerstakewhentwinsidenticalinsexand1)“whengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones,whentwinsidenticalin是两个时间状语从句。when引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。Dontbeafraidofaskingforhelp_i

26、tisneeded.(03,全国)A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.whenD 第46页/共80页2)happenvi.occurbychance;takeplace(偶然地)发生;出现happentodohappentosb.Ithappenedthathappeningn.事件;偶然发生的事(常用复数)辨析:happen,occur,takeplace与comeabout四词都有“发生”之意,但有区别。happen是一般用语,词义较广,强调事情发生的偶然性;occur用法较正式,既可以指自然发生,也可以指有意安排。碰巧(某人)发生什么事了碰巧第47页/共80页1)Whe

27、ndidtheexplosion_?2)Importantelections_thisfall.3)Theconcertwill_nextSunday.4)Howdidthequarrel_?occurtakeplacecomeabouthappenUse the above words to fill in the blanks.takeplace一般指有计划一般指有计划,按事先安排的按事先安排的进行的含义。进行的含义。comeabout往往注重事情发生的原因往往注重事情发生的原因,常常与与how连用。连用。以上四组词均为不及物动词以上四组词均为不及物动词,无被动语态。无被动语态。第48页/

28、共80页2.straightforwardadj.简单的,易懂的，坦诚的,坦率的straightforwardlyadv.率直地,坦诚地straightforwardnessn.率直Jackisrough,butalwaysstraightforward.Installingtheprogramisrelativelystraightforward.Sheadmiredhisstraightforwardness.第49页/共80页3.undertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)着手做着手做,从事从事,进行进行;担任担任,承担承担,答应答应,同意。同意。Theproce

29、dureisdifficulttoundertake,ofcourse.当然当然,这个过程很难实施。这个过程很难实施。Thescientistundertakestheexperiment.科学家从事这项实验。科学家从事这项实验。Icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。我愿意承担这些变革的责任。第50页/共80页完成下列句子。1)Thelawyer_anewcase.那个律师接了一个新的案子。2)Hewill_nextmonth(去旅行).3)He_.(承担一项新任务)undertookundertookanewtask

30、undertakeajorney第51页/共80页4.payoff(事业、计划等事业、计划等)成功成功;付清薪水并付清薪水并解雇解雇;偿还偿还(债务等债务等)。Atlastthedeterminationandpatienceofscientistspaidoff最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报Hepaidoffthecrewoftheship.他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。Intheendhepaidoffallhisdebts.最终他还清了所有的债务。最终他还清了所有的债务。payback报答报答;报复报复第52页/

31、共80页用介词back,off,to,填空：1)-Youreffortissuretopay_.-Thankyouforyourencouragement.2)Thesupermarket_whichhehadeverpaidavisit,wasburnttotheground.3)HowcanIpayyou_forallyourkindness?4)Well,aftertheseyears,weveatlastpaid_allourdebts.offtobackoff第53页/共80页containv.包含,含有2)neededtoproduceanewsheep为过去分词短语作后置定语,修

32、饰其前面的名词genes,构成动宾搭配关系。5.Thenucleusofthiscellcontainsallthegenesneededtoproduceanewsheep.这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的必需的基因。第54页/共80页辨析:contain与includecontain“包含,含有”,侧重于包含的内容或成分,“里面装有”;include“包括”,侧重范围或整体。e.g.1)Whisky_alargepercentageofalcohol.2)Thebook_fortymaps,_threeofGreatBritain.containscontainsincluding第

33、55页/共80页6.ThenucleusfromsheepBandtheeggcellfromsheepAarejoinedusingelectricity.从绵羊B中取出的细胞核与从绵羊A中取出的卵细胞用电流使之结合。1)usingelectricity为现在分词短语作方式状语。2)联手,携手参加活动和某人一起做事参军,连起来joinhandsjoininsth./doingsthjoinsb.insth.joinup第56页/共80页takepartin指参加某项活动,并以积极的态度在所参加的活动中起作用；join“加入”团体或组织；joinin指参加活动和游戏；joinsb.insth.

34、和某人一起做某事；attend参加会议(听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼)辨析:takepartin,join,joinin与attend第57页/共80页7.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.多莉看来是在正常地成长着,这很令人鼓舞。“thatsheseemedtodevelopnormally”是同位语从句。同位语从句可由when/where/how/why/that/whether等词引导。先行词多半是idea/fact/news/hope/belief/thought/doubt/question等。同位语从句一般放在

35、抽象名词之后,用以说明抽象名词的具体内容,有时为了保持句子的平衡,同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。如:Soonwordcamethatwewon.第58页/共80页8.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。本句中,副词then放于句首,主语是名词“news”,“thatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill”是同位语从句,句子用了倒装语序。Inthedarkforests_,somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.(05,辽宁)A.sta

36、ndmanylakesB.liemanylakesC.manylakeslieD.manylakesstandB 第59页/共80页disturbingadj.Thenewsfromthefrontisverydisturbing.来自前线的消息令人极为不安。来自前线的消息令人极为不安。disturbvt.扰乱扰乱,使不安使不安,弄乱弄乱;disturbedadj.被扰乱的被扰乱的,动乱的动乱的,不安的；不安的；disturbingadj.令人不安的。令人不安的。特别提示特别提示:现在分词表示现在分词表示:令人怎么样令人怎么样过去分词表示过去分词表示:被使得怎么样被使得怎么样,感到怎么样感到怎

37、么样第60页/共80页如:aninterestingstory令人感兴趣的故事aninterestedlook感到兴趣的表情surprisedpeople(感到)惊奇的人们用disturb,disturbing,disturbed填空。1)Imvery_aboutAlice.2)Dont_thepapersonmydesk.3)Thiscountryisina_state.4)What_newsitis!5)Alightwind_thesurfaceofthewater.disturbeddisturbdisturbingdisturbingdisturbed第61页/共80页9.castdo

38、wn使沮丧使沮丧;毁掉毁掉(常用于被动语态或常用于被动语态或作表语作表语)CloningScientistswerecastdowntofindthatDollysillnessweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.克隆科学家克隆科学家沮丧地沮丧地发现多莉的病发现多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上。更容易在年老的羊身上。不要这么沮丧不要这么沮丧,打起精神来！打起精神来！Dontbesocastdown.Justkeepupyourspirits.castaway丢弃丢弃castoff放弃放弃;丢弃丢弃castout赶走赶走第62页/共80页1)听到这个消息他很沮

39、丧。_2)发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。_Hewascastdowntohearthenews.Findingoutthetruthmadehimcastdown.将下列句子译成英语。第63页/共80页10.altogether和alltogether及together1)altogetheradv.总共,完全地,总之,总而言之Youoweme68RMBaltogether.Yourworkisaltogetherperfect.2)alltogether全部在同一地方或同一时间Canyouputyourbooksalltogetherinthisbox?3)togetheradv.在一起,共同地

40、Allhistroubleseemedtocometogether.Hesbad-tempered,selfishand_anunpopularman.A.thereforeB.altogetherC.otherwiseD.anyhowB 第64页/共80页11.objectv.&objectionn.反对反对,不赞成不赞成Ontheotherhand,Dollysappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.另一方面另一方面,多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对，激发多莉的出现引来了

41、巨大的反对，激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。Ifeelastrongobjectiontogettingupearly.我极不愿意早起。我极不愿意早起。Haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow?你反对我打开窗子吗你反对我打开窗子吗?第65页/共80页objectvi.Weobjecttobeingtreatedlikethis.我们抗议这种待遇。Iobjecttotheplan.我反对这项计划。objectvt.Iobjectthatheistooyoungtotakethatposition.我提出反对意见:他太年轻不适合那个

42、职位。objectto(doing)sth.object+that从句objection是名词,常与have,take,feel等连用have/take/feelobjectionto(doing)sth.第66页/共80页即时练习:句型转换Haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow?=Wouldyou_myopeningthewindow?(2)takeobjectiontosmoking.=I_smoking.(3)“Butheistooyoung,”sheargued.=She_thathewastooyoung.objecttoobjecttoobj

43、ected第67页/共80页12.Itsuddenlyopenedeveryoneseyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillness,andeventoproducehumanbeings.突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病,甚至克隆出人的可能性。本句中of和后面的动名词结构构成介词短语作定语,修饰前面的名词possibility.注意介词后出现动名词或动名词的复合结构时,一定要把握好动名词主动与被动形式的变化。第68页/共80页Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_couldbeheardo

44、utsidetheclassroom.(07,全国II)A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose C解析答案C。题意为:开始上课时,开关课桌的声音在教室外都能够听到。本题考查动名词的用法。thenoise是句中主语,of后应接动名词复合结构,desks是逻辑主语,因为“课桌”与“开关”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故须用动名词的被动形式beingopenedandclosed。第69页/共80页13.attainvt.获得(尤其指经过努力)达到(年龄,水平,状况等)Heattianeds

45、uccessthroughhardwork.Heattainedtheageof25beforemarriaging.比较：obtainvt.(经买,借,拿等)获得,得到某物Healwaysmanagestoobtainwhathewants.WherecanIobtainacopyofherlatestbooks?第70页/共80页14.forbidvt.(forbade;forbidden)禁止禁止,不许不许,妨碍妨碍,阻止阻止 Governmentsbecamenervousandmanyforbaderesearchintohumanclothing.政府开始感到不安政府开始感到不安,

46、有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。Smokingshouldbeforbiddeninpublicplaces.公共场所应禁止吸烟。公共场所应禁止吸烟。Herfatherforbidhertogooutalone.她父亲不许她单独外出。她父亲不许她单独外出。Iforbidyouenteringmystudy.我不许你进入我的书房。我不许你进入我的书房。第71页/共80页forbidsb.todo/forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事forbidsth.禁止某事与forbid结构相同的词有：permitsbtodo/permitdoingsth允许某人

47、做某事/允许做某事；allowsb.todo/allowdoingsth允许某人做某事/允许做某事；advisesb.todo/advisedoingsth.建议某人做某事/建议做某事第72页/共80页1)Theschool_(禁止学生吸烟).2)Heisforbiddento_(进入这个房间).3)Therearelawsinsomecountrieswhichforbidadvertisements_atinappropriatetimesandplaces.A.beingshownB.shownC.showD.tohaveshown4)Attheconferencehewasforbid

48、den_thesubjectagain.A.mentioningB.tomentionC.mentionD.mentionedforbidsthestudentstosmokeentertheroomA B 第73页/共80页15.accumulatevt.收集收集,聚集聚集,堆积堆积SomecountriessuchasChinaandtheUKcontinuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.有些国家比如中国和英国继续收集克隆能提供有些国家比如中国和英国继续收集克隆能提供丰富的医疗帮助的证

49、据。丰富的医疗帮助的证据。Heaccumulatedfortunebyhardwork.他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。Thepurposeofeducationisnotjustaccumulatinginformation.教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。第74页/共80页完成下列句子。Hequickly_(积蓄了一大笔财富).(2)Cloudsbeganto_(1)(在天空中聚集).accumulatedlargefortuneaccumulateintheskyvi.Dustaccumulatedduringmyabsence.我不在

50、期间灰尘积聚了起来。accumulationn.积聚theaccumulationofknowledge知识的积聚第75页/共80页16.Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit?infavourof是固定短语,意思为:赞同,支持;等同于approveof。如：Astoeducation,mostspecialistsareinfavouroffurtherreform.关于教育问题,多数专家支持做进一步改革。doafavourforsb./dosb.afavour帮某人一个忙与infavourof结构相同的短语有：inpraiseof表扬inhonorof/inmem