英语语法从句.pptx

《英语语法从句.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语语法从句.pptx（37页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、从句1-名词性从句概念：名词从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的从句。包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、和同位语从句。分类-引导名词从句的连接词可分为：(1)连接代词：who(-ever),what(-ever),whomz(-ever),whose(2)连接副词：when,where,why,how(3)连接词：that,whether,if注意：连接副词和连接代词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，而连接词在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用！第1页/共37页1主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句，它位于主句的谓语动词之前。（it引导的从句除外!）例句(1)：Who will go makes no

2、 difference.It makes no difference who will go（2）：That air has pressure was known long ago.It was known long ago that air has pressure.当用It作为形式主语时，that 引导的真正主语放在句末，这种大致有4中情况：（a）It+be+形容词+that从句（b）It+be+名词+that从句（c）It+be+ed分词+that从句（d）It+seems/happens/appears/matters/occurs等+that从句第2页/共37页2-宾语从句在主句中位

3、于及物动词之后或少数介词之后，充当主句宾语的从句为宾语从句如：我的父母教我要时时刻刻尽己所能My parents teach me that I should always do my best.我们发现每天练习英语口语是有必要的 We find it necessary that we(should)practice spoken English every day.第3页/共37页3-表语从句位于主句中系动词后，在主句中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。如：你最大的毛病就是你太粗心Your greatest fault is that you are careless.住在这个国家的一个好处是人能

4、贴近大自然One advantage of living in the country is that one can get close to nature.第4页/共37页4同位语从句跟在名词后面、进一步说明该名词的具体内容的从句是同位语从句。如：你能不能提出证据，证明他那天夜里不在家？Can you produce any evidence that he was not at home that night?我们吃惊于孩子们做它完全靠他们自己We are surprised at the fact that the children did it all their own.第5页/共

5、37页连接代词引导的名词性从句及其语法功能这些代词的语法功能不是完全一样的，引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，分别在句中作主语、宾语和表语。而且，这些连接代词在自己引导的从句中充当一定的语法成分，可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等。第6页/共37页What的语法功能（1）引导主语从句如：What is most important in life is not money.（2）引导宾语从句We can learn what we did not know.(3)引导表语从句She is not what she was a few years ago.第7页/共37页Whatever的语法功能（

6、1）引导主语从句Whatever he dose is ridiculous（2）引导宾语从句I just say whatever comes into my head.我想到了什么就说什么第8页/共37页Who与Whoever的语法功能(1)引导宾语从句I asked him who came into room.Whoever(1)引导主语从句Whoever comes will be welcome.(2)引导宾语从句He knew the files could be of help to whoever took over the job.第9页/共37页Whether与if的 用

7、法这两个词在从句中起着引导作用，并有“是否”的意思。If 引导的名词性从句不能置于句首，Whether可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。Whether man can fly to the moon is no longer a question now.We asked him if/whether he could go to the party.第10页/共37页连接副词when,where,why,howWhen she will be back depends much on the weather.Id like to know when theyll let him outT

8、hat was when I was thirteen.思考：when 在句中分别引导什么从句，是什么成分？第11页/共37页WhereIts really no business of yours where hell spend his holdays.The first thing is to find out where she is.Thats where youre wrong.第12页/共37页HowHow he escaped still puzzles us.I asked how he was getting on.This is how they built the br

9、idge.第13页/共37页WhyWhy he did it will remain a puzzle for ever.I dont see why it shouldnt work.That was why she spoke English so funnily.第14页/共37页从句2定语从句概念：用来修饰名词或代词的从句，由关系代词或关系副词来引导。一般来说，关系代词在定语中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词在定语从句中作状语（时间或地点状语）。分类：根据先行词与定语从句的关系程度，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句。第15页/共37页限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对于说明和限定句

10、子的意义来说是必不可少的，如果取消它，句子的意思就不完整。另一个显著特点是，从句与被修饰的名词之间没有逗号。如：She is the writer whose books have been publisher in many languages.A soldier who dose not want to be a marshal is not a good soldier.第16页/共37页非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是用来进一步补充和说明句子的意义，如去掉它，并不影响句子意思的完整，另一个显著特点就是从句与被修饰词之间一般有逗号隔开。如：The book wont be publis

11、hed until next year,which is disappointing.Professor Liu,who（m）I have admired,is to visit the university next week.第17页/共37页关系代词Who（当定语从句修饰的名词是人时）翻译：你认识刚才和你讲话的那个女士吗?Whom-是who 的宾格，在定从中做介词的宾语，有时可用who代替whom作宾语。翻译：昨天和你一起上班的那个男孩是谁?That-既可修饰事物也可修饰人的名词，在定从中可做主语、宾语和表语。7种用法Which-一般指代事物，也可指代人，4种用法第18页/共37页关系代

12、词Whose在定从用作名词定语翻译：昨天我给你看过的照片上的那些学生，很快就要到这里来了。As（1）在非限制性定语从句中，as 往往指整个主句的内容。如：He is a teacher,as is clear from his manner;As is often the case,we have won the match.(2)在限制性定语从句中，as 和such 或the same 连用。如：People such as were recommended by him were professors of the university.(3)关系代词As或which 引导非限定从中的区别

13、：非限定从句位于句首时，只用as，不用which。As was natural,he married her.=He married her,which was natural.当关系代词指的是先行词本身时，只能用which,不能用as.Than翻译：他挣得钱比他花得多；不要给他超出需要的钱。But作关系代词时，其意思是“没有的”，在定语从句中做主语。如：There was no person but knew the secret already.第19页/共37页关系副词时间、地点、原因When：在定从中作时间状语你知道我们必须提交第一篇论文的时间么？Do you know the dat

14、e when we have to submit the first essay?Where:在定从中做地点状语We went to new campus,where we saw a new gym.Why:在定从中做原因状语,只能修饰先行词reasonDo you know the reason why she kept silent?This is the reason why he did so.第20页/共37页从句3状语从句概念：起状语作用的从句。分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等九种类型。第21页/共37页时间状语从句从属连词：when,whenever

15、,while,as,before,after,since,till,once,until,as soon as,as long as等。定冠词+表示时间的名词。如：the moment,the instant(一就)。一些含有时间意义的副词：instantly,immediately,directly,anytime.一些表示时间意义的副词短语：every time/each time/the first time/the next time/by the time(到什么时候为止)关联词：no sooner than(刚就)，hardly/barely/scarelywhen第22页/共37

16、页地点状语从句从属连词有：where,wherever,everywhere，anywhere,no matter where等翻译：无论你在哪儿，你都可以追求自己的梦想。你想去哪儿都可以第23页/共37页条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词:If,unless,suppose(假如),provided(倘若),in case(万一),on condition that,as long as/so long as（只要等）等。例句：如果我受责备，你也应该受-If I am to blame,you are to blame,too.倘若没有反对意见的话，我就将担任本班的代表-Provided

17、 that there is no opposition,I will act as representative of our class.翻译：假如下雨的话，我们还是要去。第24页/共37页原因状语从句从属连词：because,since(既然、因为，由于)，as,for,that,in that,considering that,seeng,now,not thatbut that等例句：Dont swear,for I dislike swearing.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter.Consideri

18、ng he has only been learning English a year he speaks it very well.第25页/共37页目的状语从句从属连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that（唯恐，以防），in case(以防)等翻译：说清楚点，以便让大家听懂你说什么Take your coat in case it rains.第26页/共37页结果状语从句从属连词有：that(以至于)，so that,such that等It was such cold day that there was nobody on the street.

19、He is selfish,so that nobody likes him.第27页/共37页让步状语从句让步状语从句，其主从句之间已存在着转折关系，所以although/though和but绝对不可以连用！从属连词有：although/though,while(尽管，虽然)，as,that,whether or/or not,even if/even though,no matter(what/how/when/where/which),whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever等Even if/though I have to sell my

20、house,Ill keep my business going.第28页/共37页方式状语从句方式状语用于描述主句动作的方式，引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as,as if/though,asso,the way（that）等例句：我会照你的忠告去做I will do as your advise.The European tourists tried cooking their meal the way(that)American Indians had used to.第29页/共37页比较状语从句引导比较撰于从句的引导词有：asas,not as/soas,the morethe mor

21、e等。例句：这部电影没有我们所预期的好The film was not so good as we had expected.The more we leaned,the more we discover our ignorance.第30页/共37页英语句子成分主语：主语是一个句子的主体，一般位于句首，只有在there be 结构、疑问句和倒装句中主语才被放在谓语、助动词或情态动词的后面。名词（air/plane）、代词（he/she/we）、数词（one/two）、名词化的形容词（the rich）、不定式（to break the record）、动名词（reading）、名词性从句（W

22、hether man can fly to the moon is no longer a question.）等作主语。第31页/共37页谓语概念：谓语是说明主语的动作和状态的，必须由动词或短语动词来承担，一般在主语后。动词：study/learn/work/drink/fly/情态动词+动词原形：may do sth/must be 习惯用法要求的动词+动词不定式：have to do/seem to like/used to climb系动词+表语：is a farmer/teacher第32页/共37页表语概念；表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的，一般位于系动词（be/become

23、）之后。名词及名词短语：a physical teacher/a big problem代词：he/something形容词及形容词短语：round/free/beautiful副词：over、数词现在分词：confusing过去分词：broken/related to the problem不定式：to do sth 动名词：lying介词短语：at rest表语从句第33页/共37页宾语概念：指的是动词所涉及的人或物，它位于及物动词或及物短语动词之后。分直接宾语和间接宾语名词、代词、数词、名词化形容词、不定式、动名词、名词性从句第34页/共37页定语用来修饰名词的词、短语或从句。形容词：t

24、all man/all the girl present turned to him.名词和名词所有格：his girlfriend/governments view代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词（swimming pool/waiting room）过去分词、副词、定语从句第35页/共37页状语概念：指修饰动词、形容词、副词以及整个句子的语法成分。副词：Light travels most quickly.介词短语：He put the thing on the table and left.不定式：He know too little to speak on the subject.现在分词：she was lying in bed reading.过去分词：Exhausted by the journey,he soon fell asleep形容词：Helpless,I decided to leave the place.名词或名词性从句：It weighs 6 pounds.第36页/共37页感谢您的观看！第37页/共37页