淋巴系统解剖优秀PPT.ppt

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1、淋巴系统解剖淋巴系统解剖你现在浏览的是第一页，共15页Overview of the Lymphatic SystemIncludes,vessels,fluid,and nodes or nonsecreting glands.Lymphatic vessels convey fluid from the periphery to the veins.The fluid,lymph(=clear spring water),is what seeps out of the blood at the peripheral capillaries.Composition is similar t

2、o plasma without the proteinsLymphatic organs or tissues(glands)are filtering areas and arenas of lymphocyte maturation and competency.你现在浏览的是第二页，共15页Major Functions of Lymphatic SystemFiltration of lymphReturn of seeped fluid to c.v.system“Education”and production of immune system lymphocytesTransp

3、ort of digested lipids from small intestinal lacteals 你现在浏览的是第三页，共15页Lymph CapillariesThin walled endothelium(no BM)with periodic one way valves.In general they parallel veins.Closed ends allow fluid flow inward only Pick up and recycle extra tissue fluid Lymph circulation due to?Compare to Fig.23.2

4、你现在浏览的是第四页，共15页Location of Lymph CapillariesEverywhere,except for CNS and bone marrow,as well as cornea and cartilage.Special set of lymph capillaries in villi of small intestine=Lacteals你现在浏览的是第五页，共15页Damaged valves or blockedlymph vessels?Lymphatic vesselscomparable in structure to veins你现在浏览的是第六页

5、，共15页Lymph capillaries converge to become collecting vessels and end up as eitherThoracic duct or right lymphatic ductThoracic(left lymphatic)ductLeft subclavian veinRight lymphatic ductRight subclavian veinCysterna ChyliFig 23.4你现在浏览的是第七页，共15页largest你现在浏览的是第八页，共15页LymphocytesAgranulocytes-large nuc

6、lei and small amount of cytoplasm Function in identification and inactivation/destruction of pathogensTypes of Lymphocytes1.T Cells-cellular immunity-specific for previously identified pathogensT Helper,T Killer,T Suppressor,and memory cells2.B Cells-humoral immunity-plasma cells produce antibodies

7、specific to the antigen or pathogen;memory cells3.NK cells-non-specific,provide immunological surveillance你现在浏览的是第九页，共15页Bone Marrow:LymphopoiesisLymphocytes are later also produced in thymus,spleen and tonsilsFig 23.7你现在浏览的是第十页，共15页122lC.t.loaded with LymphocyteslLymphoid nodules are unencapsulated

8、 clusters of lymphocytes(1mm).Found beneath epithelial lining of respiratory,digestive&urinary tractslMucosa associated lymphatic tissue(MALT)in GI tract 5 tonsilsaggregate lymphoid nodules in small intestine(=Peyers patches)appendix-walls contain lymphoid tissueLymphoid Tissue=adenoids你现在浏览的是第十一页，共

9、15页Lymph Nodes 500(1mm to 25 mm)Bean-shaped with hilusseveral afferent vessels,one efferent vessel Function?Popular term“lymph gland”is misnomer.Why?Contain lots of lymphocytes&MacrophagesClinical application:Swollen lymph nodesFig 23.9你现在浏览的是第十二页，共15页Distribution of LNsCervical lymph nodes-drain he

10、ad and neckAxillary lymph nodes-drain arms and breastsPopliteal lymph nodes-drain legs,drain into Inguinal lymph nodes-drain lower limbThoracic lymph nodes-drain thoracic visceraAbdominal lymph nodes-drain pelvic regionIntestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes-drain abdominal viscera你现在浏览的是第十三页，共15页Thym

11、usLocation above heart,posterior to sternumDivided into lobulesOnly lymphoid organ that does NOT fight antigens,it functions as“T-cell academy”Blood thymus barrier prevents premature stimulation of developing T-cellsInvolution after pubertyEpithelial cells produce thymic hormones你现在浏览的是第十四页，共15页Larg

12、est lymphoid organSoft and very blood richRed pulp sinusoids containing RBCswhite pulp lymphoid tissueMajor Functions:1.Initiation of Immune response to antigens in blood2.Removal of aged and defective RBCs3.Repository for new RBCs4.Fe salvaging,storage and recyclingSpleenFig 23-17Surfaces named for contacts:diaphragmatic,visceral,gastric,renal你现在浏览的是第十五页，共15页