定语及定语从句课件.ppt

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1、III.III.定语从句：定语从句：(一）关系词的确定与选择一）关系词的确定与选择一看先行词（人一看先行词（人/物）物）二二看看关关系系词词在在从从句句中中的的作作用用（主主/谓谓/宾宾/表表/定定/状状/补）补）三看特殊用法三看特殊用法1在下列情况下只用在下列情况下只用that，不用，不用which 先先 行行 词词 是是 all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much,theone等不定代词时等不定代词时Thereisnothing(that)Icando.Imeantheonethatwasbroughtyesterday.先先行行词词被被all,

2、any,every,no,some,little,much等词修饰时等词修饰时I have read all the books(that)you gaveme.Youmaytakehomeanyofthesebooksthatyoulike.先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时修饰时This is the first composition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.Thisisthebestnovel(that)Ihaveeverread.先先行行词词被被theonly,thevery(正正是是,恰恰是是),thesame,thelas

3、t修饰时修饰时Thewhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthehospital.当当先先行行词词有有两两个个或或两两个个以以上上时时,既有既有人人又有又有物物,定语从句用定语从句用that引导引导(that既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物)He talked about the teachers andschoolsthathehadvisited.2下列情况不能使用下列情况不能使用that,而用而用whichthat不

4、能引导不能引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Football,which is a very interestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.that不不能能置置于于介介词词之之后后（介介词词后后指指物物用用which,指人用指人用whom）Theperson_IamspeakingjustnowisourEnglishteacher.The prize _he worked so hardwasanewbicycle.towhomforwhich3.as做关系代词的用法做关系代词的用法1关关系系代代词词常常出出现现在在thesameas,suchas,soa

5、s,asas等结构中等结构中ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(livesin).Asmanychildrenascamehereweremyfatherspupils.thesamethat和和thesameas的区别的区别Ihaveboughtthesamewatchasyouhave.我买了一块和你一样的手表。我买了一块和你一样的手表。（我我的的手手表表和和你你的的手手表表很很像像，但但不不是是同同一一块。）块。）ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.这就是我丢的那块手表。这就是我丢的那块手表

6、。（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块）（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块）such.,soniceaday短短语语后后缺缺少少一一个个成分时，一般用成分时，一般用as引导定语从句引导定语从句；so/suchthat不不缺缺少少成成分分时时，用用that引引导状语从句。导状语从句。Itssoniceaday_weallwanttohaveawalkalongtheriver.Its so special a day _ Ill neverforgetallmylife.thatasHereissobigastone_nomancanlift.Thisissobigastone_nomancanliftit.

7、asthat4as引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，指指代代逗逗号号前前的的整整个个句句子子（即即先先行行词词），可可置置于于句首句首或或句末句末。Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.Mary was late for school,as oftenhappened.Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.当当as作主语时，后面常接下列句型：作主语时，后面常接下列句型：1ashasbeensaidbefore 如上所述如上所述2asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样正如可以想象出来的那样3asiswell

8、known众所周知众所周知4aswasexpected正如预料的那样正如预料的那样5ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样正如已经指出的那样6asweallcansee正如我们都能看到的正如我们都能看到的as指指代代一一句句话话和和which指指代代一一句句话话的的用用法区别法区别当当主主句句和和从从句句语语义义一一致致时时，用用as；当当两两句句语语义义不一致或从句为否定时，用不一致或从句为否定时，用which。Hemadealongspeech,_wasexpected.Hemadealongspeech,_wasunexpected.Tomdrinksal

9、oteveryday,_hiswifedoesntlikeatall.aswhichwhich5.whose+n表表示示所所属属关关系系，可可变变为为n+ofwhich/whom，表表示示部部分分关关系系时时，也也可可用用部部分分关关系系词词+ofwhich/whom.Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.6.关关系系副副词词when,where,why也也相相当当于于介介词词(on,in,at,for)+whichIll never forget the years _ weworkedtogeth

10、er.Ill never forget the day _ IjoinedtheParty.inwhich/whenonwhich/when（二二）定）定语从语从句中的主句中的主谓谓一致一致 引引导导词词在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语时时，其其谓谓语语动动词词人人称称和和数数要根据引要根据引导词导词所指所指内内容而定容而定。例如：。例如：1.Here are such sentences as _often used by the students.2.I,who _a Party member,should work hard for our country.3.He was one

11、of the students who _praised for it.4.He was the only one of the students who _praised for it.areamwerewas We all have heard the news_ourteamwon.Wedontbelievethenews_hetoldusyesterday.that(同同位位语语从从句句，that从从句句表表示示news的的内内容容，that在从句中不作任何成分在从句中不作任何成分)that/which(定语从句，定语从句，that作作told的宾语的宾语)2定语从句与状语从句定语从句

12、与状语从句。试比较：。试比较：Heleftthekey_hehadbeenanhourbefore.Helefttheplace_helivedformanyyears.Heissuchagoodteacher_allofusloveandrespect.where(where引引导导地地点点状状语语从从句句，相相当当于于intheplacewhere)where(where引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰theplace)as(as引导定语从句引导定语从句)Heissuchagoodteacher_wealllikehim.3定语从句与主语从句定语从句与主语从句。试比较：。试比较：_is

13、 known to us all,paper wasfirstmadeinChina._isknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.that(that引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句,suchthat“如此如此以致以致”As(as引引导导定定语语从从句句，指指代代整整个个主主句句内内容容，可可置置于句首于句首)It(it做形式主语，代替做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句引导的主语从句)4定语从句与强调结构定语从句与强调结构。试比较：。试比较：Itisthehouse_Imettheyoungman.It was in the house _Imet

14、theyoungman.where(where引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语在定语从句中作地点状语从句中作地点状语)that(本本句句为为强强调调结结构构，可可还还原原为为Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.)1.It is the young man _ looked for_caughtthemurderer.A.thatwhoB.thattheyC.theythatDtheywhich2.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichC.theoneDatwhich3.Thebook,the

15、cover_isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitBforCwhoseDofwhich4.This is Mr Smith,_ I think hassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoBwhomC.thatD.x5 Who _ has seen the TVfilmdoesntadmireit?A.thatBwhoCwhichDas6Youcanneverimaginewhatgreattrouble I have had _ the patientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.A.treatB.totreatB.Ctreat

16、ingDtreated7.Thisisthelasttime_Ishallgiveyoualesson.A.whenBthatCwhichDinwhich8.Idontliketheway_youlaughather.A.thatBonwhichCwhichDas9._weallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.A.WhichB.ThatC.AsD.Who10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthefarm_youvisitedlastweek.A.when,whereB.which,whichC.when,whichD.whi

17、ch,where11.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most of _ hadnt beencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.theC.thatD.which12.Myglasses,_Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that13.A harvester is a machine _ we harvestcropsoraperson_isharvesting.A.which,whoB.that,thatC

18、.withwhich,whoD./,that14.I have bought the same dress _ she iswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what15.Chapin,_moneywasnownoproblem,startanewfilmcompanywithhisfriends.A.whoseB.whichC.forwhomD.who16.Pleaseputtheletter_hecaneasilyfindit.A.inwhichB.whereC.theplacewhereD.intheplace17.Thereason_Iwasawayfromscho

19、olis_Iwasillyesterday.A.that,thatB.why,whyC.why,thatD.that,why18.Antarctic,_weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich19.Shewas_Imetattheparty,_youknew.A.who,whomB.whom,whoC.theone,asD.theone,whose20.-Howdoyoulikethebook?-Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmont

20、h.A.thatB.whichC.theonewhatD.theone21.Illtellyou_hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all（三）易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句（三）易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句1定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句定定语语从从句句与与前前面面的的名名词词是是修修饰饰与与被被修修饰饰的的关关系系“的的（名名词词）”。而而同同位位语语从从句句是是用用来来说说明明前前面面名名词词的的内内容容。与与that从从句句同同位位的的名名词词必必须须是是一一些些表表事事实实或或概概念念的的抽抽象象名名词词，如如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等等。that在在定定语语从从句句中中作作成成分分，可可用用which或或who/whom代代替替；而而that在在同同位位语语从从句句中中不不充充当当任任何何句句子子成成分分，只只起起连连接作用。试比较：接作用。试比较：