英语写作中典型病句实例剖析.ppt

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1、Error Analysis英语写作中典型病句实例剖析英语写作中典型病句实例剖析 Week 13 一一.不一致不一致(Disagreements)所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致,时态不一致及代词不一致等例Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么)剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致改为：Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhateverhewants(todo).二修饰语错位（MisplacedModifiers）英

2、语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解例IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末三句子不完整（SentenceFragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生例Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.For

3、examplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.剖析：本句后半部分forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句改为：Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.四.悬垂修饰语（DanglingModifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清例如：Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.这句中attheageoften只点出十岁时，但没有说明”谁”十岁

4、时.按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了改为：WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.例Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.剖析：句中不定式短语“todowellincollege”的逻辑主语不清楚改为：Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.五词性误用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等例Nonecannegativetheimportanceo

5、fmoney.剖析：negative系形容词，误作动词。改为：Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.六指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可

6、改为：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.例1.Wecanalsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself.剖析：句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.七不间断句子(Run-onSentences)什么叫run-onsentence?请看下面的例句。例Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思

7、：“Therearemanyways.”以及“Wegettoknowtheoutsideworld.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：Therearemanywaysforustolearnabouttheoutsideworld.或：Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecomeacquaintedwiththeoutsideworld.八措词毛病(TroublesinDiction/TheMatterofWordChoice)Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题.有些学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯，他们往往随心所欲，拿

8、来就用；所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“theincreasinguse(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusiveuse(滥用)”。改为：Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.九累赘(Redundancy)言

9、以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：Inspiteofthefactthatheislazy,Ilikehim.本句的“thefactthatheislazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：Inspiteofhislaziness,Ilikehim.例Forthepeoplewhoarediligentandkind,moneyisjustthethingtobeusedtobuythethingtheyneed.剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。改为：Diligentandcaringpeop

10、leusemoneyonlytobuywhattheyneed.十不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。例Thefreshwater,itisthemostimportantthingsoftheearth.剖析：Thefreshwater与逗号后的it不连贯。It与things在数方面不一致。改为：Freshwateristhemostimportantthingintheworld.十一综合性语言错误(ComprehensiveMisusage)所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。例

11、1Today,Moneytoeverybodyisveryimportance,ourseat,cloth,live,goetc.Your Mid-Term ExamImprovethefollowingsentences,payingattentiontounity,coherence,conciseness,and emphasis.1.Itsnowedheavilyat8oclock.(x)Itbegantosnowheavilyat8oclocklastnight.2.Theearthquakeonlydamagedafewhouses.(x)Theearthquakedamagedo

12、nlyafewhouses.3.Insteadoftakingphysics,chemistrywaschosenbymoststudentsintheclass.Moststudentsintheclasschosechemistryinsteadofphysics.n4.Thesinginginthefilmisgoodandtheactorsactwonderfullywell.nThesinginginthefilmisgoodandtheactingwonderful.n5.FootballismorepopularinEuropethanNorthAmerica.nFootball

13、ismorepopularinEuropethaninNorthAmerica.n6.Infact,heisusuallyrealisticandsometimesheisalsoquiteromantic.nInfact,heisusuallyrealisticandsometimesquiteromantic.n7.Somepeopleliketosay“thatsneat”whentheymeantosay“thatsgood.”Itisaslangexpression.nSomepeopleliketousetheslangexpression“thatsneat”for“thatsg

14、ood.”n8.Therefereeraisedhisrighthandinwhichhewasholdingayellowcard.nTherefereeraisedhisrighthandinwhichwasayellowcard.n9.Altogether12novelswerewrittenbythisfamousnovelistduringhislifetime.nDuringhislifetimethisfamousnovelistwrotealtogether12novels.n10.Shedoesnotcaretoomuchaboutprices;shethinksthequa

15、lityofthingsismoreimportant.nShedoesnotcaretoomuchaboutprices;shecaresmuchaboutthequality.n1.Hereadthemagazineinthereading-room,whichcontainedalotoflatestinformationaboutcomputerscience.nThemagazine,whichhereadinthereading-room,containedalotoflatestinformationaboutcomputerscience.n2.Manypeoplebeliev

16、ethatoneshouldeatgarliceverydaytopreventdiseaseinthatregion.nManypeopleinthatregionbelievethatoneshouldeatgarliceverydaytopreventdisease.n3.MarycalledBetheverydaywhenshewasinhospital.nWhenMarywasinhospital,shecalledBetheveryday.nWhenBethwasinhospital,Marycalledhereveryday.n4.Thelandslidedestroyedsev

17、eralhousesandfivepeoplewerekilledbyit.nThelandslidedestroyedseveralhousesandkilledfivepeople.nFivepeoplewerekilledandseveralhousesdestroyedbythelandslide.n5.IfJaneweregiventhechoiceofdoingthelaundryoramovie,shewouldchoosethemovie.nIfJaneweregiventhechoiceofdoingthelaundryorseeingamovie,shewouldchoos

18、ethemovie.n6.HehastastedthewinesproducedindifferentplacesandhesaystheredwinemadeinBeijingisthebest.nHavingtastedthewinesproducedindifferentplaces,hesaystheredwinemadeinBeijingisthebest.nChinahasapopulationof1.2billion.Shemustdomuchtolimitthegrowthofpopulation.nChinamustdomuchtolimitthegrowthofitspop

19、ulationof1.2billion.n8.Sheenjoystalkingwithfriendandisnevertiredwhensheischattingwithhergoodfriends.nSheenjoystalkingandisnevertiredofchattingwithhergoodfriends.nMoralintegrityismoreimportantthanlife,position,orwealth,accordingtoConfucius.nAccordingtoConfucius,moralintegrityismoreimportantthanpositi

20、on,wealth,orlife.n10.Meaningfulcontentisthemostimportantqualityofacomposition,aboveall.nMeaningfulcontentisaboveallthemostimportantqualityofacomposition.Practice1.Shakespearewasoneofthegreatestdramatists.2.Hesaidhewouldtaketheexamandpassit,buthewasnotcertainofit.3.Thechefcookedtheshrimpforthirtyminu

21、tesandthenitwasallowedtocool.4.Inrespondtotheproblemsidentifiedintheself-study,severalactivitieshaveevolvedatthiscollegetomeettheever-expandingneedsofourstudents,butthetraditionalgoalsofthecollege,whicharetoeducatethewholepersoninthebasicskillsofliberaleducation,arenotneglectedbythisnewprograms.Keys

22、forPractice1.Shakespearewasoneofthegreatestdramatistsintheworld.2.Hesaidhewouldtaketheexambutwasnotcertainwhetherhecouldpassit.3.Thechefcookedtheshrimpforthirtyminutesandthenallowedittocool.4.Inrespondtotheproblemsidentifiedintheself-study,thiscollegehasevolvedprogramstomeettheever-expandingneedsofi

23、tsstudents.Butthenewprogramsdonotneglectthetraditionalgoalsofeducatingthewholepersoninthebasicskillsoftheliberalarts.OrInrespondtotheproblemsidentifiedintheself-study,thiscollegehasevolvedseveralprogramstomeettheever-expandingneedsofourstudents.Butthenewprogramsdonotneglectthetraditionalgoalsofthecollegetoeducatethewholepersoninthebasicskillsoftheliberalarts.ThankyouforyourAttention!