2023年语用学_实用语用学.docx

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1、2023年语用学_实用语用学 语用学由我整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“实用语用学”。 比喻metaphor 表达类expreives 表述句constatives 不可分离性non-detachability 不可取消性non-cancellability 不确定性indeterminacy 承诺类commiives 代码模式code model 等级含意scalar implicatures 地点指示space deixis 调节性规则regulative rules 动态语用学dynamic pragmatics 断言类aertives 对方修正other-repa

2、ir 二元关系dyadic relation 发展语用学developmental pragmatics 反讽/反语irony 方式准则manner maxim 非规约性non-conventionality 讽刺sarcasm 符号sign 符号关系学syntactics 符号学semiotics 负面礼貌策略negative politene strategy 负面面子negative face 负向转移negative transfer 概念意义conceptual meaning 功能语言学functional linguistics 共知common knowledge 构成性规则c

3、onstitutive rules 关联/关联性relevance 关联理论relevance theory 关系准则relevant maxim 规定语法prescriptive grammar 规约含意conventional implicature 规约性conventionality 规则rule 含混ambivalence 含意implicature 合适条件felicity condition 后指用法cataphoric use 互补性complementarity 互动语用学interactive pragmatics 互明mutual manifestne 互知mutual

4、knowledge 互指co-referential 话轮turn-taking 话语utterance 话语分析discourse analysis 话语意义utterance meaning 话语指示discourse deixis 缓叙meiosis 会话分析conversation analysis 会话含意conversational implicature 会话结构conversational structure 会话修正conversational repair 会话原则conversational principle 或然性probability 记号symbol 间接言语行为

5、indirect speech act 交际目的communicative goal/purpose 交际能力communicative competence 交际意图communicative intention 交际用意communicative force 交际原则communicative principle 近指proximal terms 经济原则principle of economy 旧信息old information 句法学syntax 句子意义sentence meaning 可接收性acceptability 可取消性cancellability 可推导性calcula

6、bility 可行性feasibility 客观环境physical situation 夸张hyperbole 跨文化语用学cro-cultural pragmatics 离格deviance 礼貌politene 礼貌策略politene strategy 礼貌原则politene principle 连贯coherence 两可性ambiguity 量准则quantity maxim 临床语用学clinical pragmatics 笼统性generality 论言有所为How to do things with words逻辑语义学logical semantics 蒙塔古语法Mont

7、ague grammar 面子face 明示-推理过程ostensive-inferential proce 明说explicature 命题行为propositional act 模糊限制语hedges 模糊性fuzzine 内嵌施为句embedded performatives 恰当性appropriatene 前提presupposition 前提触发语presupposition triggers 前指用法anaphoric use 人称指示person deixis 人类文化方法论ethnomethodology 认知效果cognitive effect 认知语用学cognitive

8、 pragmatics 认知语用学cognitive pragmatics 认知原则cognitive principle 弱陈meiosis 三元关系triadic relation 社会语用学societal pragmatics 社交语用学social pragmatics 社交-语用学socio-pragmatics 社交指示social deixis 施为动词performative verb 施为假设performative hypothesis 施为句performatives 施为用意illocutionary force 时间指示time deixis 实用主义pragmat

9、ism 顺应理论adaptation theory 说话人意义speaker meaning 随意言谈loose talk 特殊含意particularized conversational implicature 同义反复句tautology 投射规则projection rule 推理努力proceing effort 威胁面子的行为face threatening acts 委婉语understatement 未知信息unknown information 衔接机制cohesive device 显性施为句explicit performatives 新格赖斯会话含意理论neo-Gric

10、ean theory of conversational implicature 新格赖斯语用学neo-Gricean pragmatics 新信息new information 信息意图informative intention 信息照应information bridging 形式语用学formal pragmatics 修辞学rhetoric 宣告类declarations 选择限制selectional restriction 言语交际verbal communication 言语情景speech situation 言语行为speech act 言语行为理论speech act th

11、eory 一般会话含意generalized conversational implicature 已知信息known information 以言成事perlocutionary act 以言行事illocutionary act 以言行事目的/施为目的illocutionary goal 以言指事locutionary act 意思 sense 意图intention 意向性intentionality 隐含结论implicated conclusion 隐含前提implicated premise 隐性施为句implicit performatives 隐喻metaphor 语法性gra

12、mmaticality 语际语interlanguage 语际语用学interlanguage pragmatics语境暗含contextual implication 语境化contextualization 语境假设contextual aumptions 语境效果contextual effect 语境意义contextual meaning 语境因素contextual factor 语句sentence 语句意义sentence meaning 语言学转向linguistic turn 语言语境linguistic context 语言语用学linguistic pragmatics

13、 语义前提semantic presupposition 语义学semantics 语用代码pragmatic code 语用含糊pragmatic vaguene 语用含意pragmatic force 语用类属pragmatic category 语用能力pragmatic competence 语用歧义pragmatic ambiguity 语用迁移pragmatic transfer 语用前提pragmatic presupposition 语用推理pragmatic inference 语用行为pragmatic act 语用学pragmatics 语用移情pragmatic emp

14、athy 语用语言学pragmalinguistics 语用原则pragmatic principle 寓意言谈metaphorical talk 元交际行为metacommunicative behaviour元指用法meta-phoric use 原意或刻意言谈literal talk 原则principle 远指distal terms 约略性approximation 蕴涵entailment 哲学语用学philosophical pragmatics 正面礼貌positive politene 正面面子positive face 正向转移positive transfer 指称 re

15、ference 指令类directives 指示词语deictic expreions 指示语deixis, indexicals 质准则quality maxim 中介语/语际语 interlanguage 主题topic 字面用意literal force 自我修正self-repair adaptability顺应性（1.2.2） affective mutuality情感共享（4.5.3） agreement maxim一致准则（2.2.1）anaphora前照应（6.1.1） anaphoric use前照应用法（6.1.1）approbation maxim赞誉准则（3.2.4）a

16、ppropriate conditions合适条件（3.2.4）aertives断言类（以言行事）（3.2.3） behabitives表态类以言行事（3.2.1） calculability（含意的）可推导性（4.4.2）calendric time units历法时间单位（6.1.3）cancellability（含意的）可取消性（4.4.2）change-of-state verbs状态变化动词（6.2.4）code model代码（交际）模式（2.1.1）cognitive environment认知环境（5.2）cognitive mutuality认知共享（4.5.3）cognit

17、ive pragmatics认知语用学（1.5） collaborative performatives协作性施为句（3.2.1)commiives承诺类（以言行事）（3.2.1)common knowledge共知（5.2） communicative competence交际能力（7.1）communicative intention交际意图（1.3.2） communicative language ability语言交际能力（7.1）constatives表述句（3.2.1)context语境（1.1) context of situation情景语境（5） contextual au

18、mptions语境假设（1.5.4）contextual correlates语境相关因素（5.1.1)contextual effects语境效果（1.5.4）contextual features语境特征（5.1.1） contextual implication语境暗含（1.5.4）contextual meaning语境意义（1.2.3)contrastive markers对比性标记语（6.4.1)contrastive pragmatics对比语用研究（1.5.2）conventional implicature常规含意（4.4.1）conventionalization规约化（1

19、.3.2） conversation analysis/CA会话分析（1.2.2）conversational implicature会话含意（4.4.1）conversation structure会话结构（1.2.2）cooperative principle/CP合作原则（2.1.2）co-text上下文（5.1.1） cro-cultural communication跨文化交际（8.1）cro-cultural pragmatics跨文化语用学（1.2.2）culture-loaded words富含文化内涵词语（8.2.1） declarations宣告类（以言行事）（3.2.3）

20、decoding解码（2.1.1） defeasibility（含意的）可废除性（6.2.5）deictic center指示中心（6.1.1）deictic expreion指示语（1.1）deictic use指示用法（6.1.1）deictics指示语（1.1）deixis指示语（1.1） developmental pragmatics发展语用学（1.6）directives指令类（以言行事）（3.2.3）disambiguation消除歧义（5.4）discourse deixis话语指示（6.1.1）discourse markers话语标记语（1.2.4)discourse me

21、aning语篇意义（1.2.4）discourse operator话语操作语（6.4） discourse particles话语小品词（6.4）extended speech act theory扩充的言语行为理论 guiding culture主文化 dynamic pragmatics动态语用学（4.6）elaborative markers阐发性标记语 face面子 hearing meaning听话人意义 emphathetic deixis移情指示 face theory面子理论 hedge模糊限制语 encoding编码 face threatening acts/FTA威胁面

22、子的行为 illocutionary competence施为能力 encyclopaedic information百科信息 factive verbs叙实性动词 illocutionary force施为用意 entailment蕴涵 felicity conditions合适条件 implicated conclusion暗含结论 equivalent effect等值效果/等效 filler填充语 implicated premise暗含前提 eential condition（实施言语行为的）基本条件 implicative verbs含蓄性动词 ethnography（of com

23、munication）（交际中的）人类文gambits话语策略语 implicature暗含/含意 化学 implicit performatives隐性施为句 general pragmatics exercitives行使类（以言行事）generalized implicature一般会话含意 indeterminacy（含意的）不确定性 explicature明说 generosity maxim慷慨准则 indirect speech act间接言语行为 explicit performatives显性施为句 gestural use手势用法 inference推理 expositiv

24、es阐述类（以言行事）grammatical competence语法能力 inferential markers推导性标记语 expreives表情类（以言行事）group performatives群体性施为句 if someone says “The President is a mouse”, something that is literally 语用学重要术语英汉对照解释 false, the hearer must aume the speaker means to convey more than is being1、Adjacency pair: 相邻对A sequence

25、of two utterances by different said.speakers in conversation.The second is a response to the first, e.g.,6、Declaration: 宣告句A speech act that brings about a change by being question-answer.uttered, e.g.a judge pronouncing a sentence.- 2、Background entailment: 背景蕴涵Any logical consequence of an7、Deixis

26、: 指示 “Pointing” via language, using a deictic expreion, utterance.e.g.“this”, “here”.3、Commiive: 承诺句A speech act in which the speaker commits himself8、Directive: 指令句A speech act used to get someone else to do something, or herself to some future action, e.g.a promise.e.g.an order.4、Content condition

27、s: 内容条件In order to count as a particular type of9、Discourse analysis: 话语分析The study of language use with reference speech act, an utterance must contain certain features, e.g.a promise must to the social and psychological factors that influence communication.be about a future event.10、Dispreferred:

28、不期待The structurally unexpected next utterance as a5、Conversational implicature: 会话含义An additional unstated meaning response, e.g.an invitation is normally followed by an acceptance, so a that has to be aumed in order to maintain cooperative principle, e.g.refusal is dispreferred.11、Entailment: 蕴涵 So

29、mething that logically follows from what is aerted.12、Expreive: 表达句A speech act in which the speaker exprees feelings or attitudes, e.g.an apology.13、Face: 面子A persons public self-image.14、Felicity conditions: 恰当条件 The appropriate conditions for a speech act to be recognized as intended.15、Generaliz

30、ed conversational implicature: 一般性会话含义An additional unstated meaning that does not depend on special or local knowledge.16、Honorific: 敬语 Expreion which marks that the addreee is of higher status.17、Illocutionary force: 言外之力 The communicative force of an utterance.18、Insertion sequence: 插入系列 A two pa

31、rt sequence that comes between the first and second parts of another sequence in conversation.19、Manner Maxim: 方式准则 One of the maxims, in which the speaker is to be clear, brief, and orderly.20、Maxim: 准则One of the four sub-principles of the cooperative principle.21、Particularized conversational impl

32、icature: 特殊会话含义An additional unstated meaning that depends on special or local knowledge.22、Performative verb: 行事动词A verb that explicitly names the speech act, e.g.the verb “promise” in the utterance “I promise to be there”.23、Perlocutionary act: 以言成事 The effect of an utterance used to perform a spe

33、ech act.24、Person deixis: 人称指示 Forms used to point ot people, e.g.“me”, “you”.25、Pragmatics: 语用学 The study of speaker meaning as distinct from word or sentence meaning.26、Preferred: 期待的 The structurally expected next utterance used in a response.27、Preparatory conditions: 准备条件Specific requirements p

34、rior to an utterance in order for it to cont as a particular speech act.28、Presupposition: 前提Something the speaker aumes to be the case.29、Projection problem: 映射问题The problem of the presupposition of a simple structure not surviving when part of a more complex structure.30、Quality maxim: 质量准则One of

35、the maxims, in which the speaker has to be truthful.31、Quantity maxim: 数量准则One of the maxims, in which the speaker has to be neither more nor le informative than is neceary.32、Reference: 照应An act by which a speaker uses a word, or words, to enable a listener to identify someone or something.33、Relat

36、ion maxim: 相关准则One of the maxims, in which the speaker has to be relevant.34、Representative: 阐述句A speech act in which the speaker states what is believed or known, e.g.an aertion.35、Sincerity conditions: 诚意条件Requirements on the genuine intentions of a speaker in order for an utterance to count as a

37、particular speech act.36、Social deixis: 社会指示Forms used to indicate relative social status.37、Speech act: 言语行为An action performed by the use of an utterance to communicate.38、Textual function: 篇章功能The use of language in the creation of well-formed text.39、Turn-taking: 轮换The change of speaker during c

38、onversation 语用点 突出“语用” 增强语文课堂教学有效性语文课程标准明确提出“全面提高学生的语文素养”的任务。什么是语文素养，我想除了文本阅读理解能力外，语言应用能力是另一个不容置. 汉语语用学 汉语语用学结业考查序号：21班级： 中文11101班姓名：翟桃一、指出下列句子中的修辞手法（不抄题）（20分）：1、竹叶烧了，还有竹枝；竹枝断了，还有竹鞭；竹鞭砍了，还有深埋在地下的竹根。答：. 语用学学习心得 语用学学习心得黄燕红语用学是一门研究语言符号在实际交际中使用的学科，其研究对象是语言在使用中所产生的意义。这种意义包含的是可能是等于或大于字面上的意义，甚至不等于字. 语用学：语用模糊浅析 语用学：语用模糊浅析引言自从美国控制论专家扎德（L.A.Zadeh）1965年在信息与控制杂志上提出了著名的模糊理论，使“模糊集”成为一个科学术语以来，就诞生了一系列模糊学的边缘. 语用预设 语用预设1.引言预设一直以来都是语言学尤其是语义学和语用学领域争议颇多的研究课题。一方面，预设类似于蕴涵能脱离语境而存在，而另一方面，预设似乎对语境，例如句内语境又具有敏.