英语语法it形式主语和形式宾语ppt课件.pptx

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1、一、It 用作形式主语 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。1 二、It 用作形式宾语 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。2 It 作形式主作形式主语的的常常见句型句型 I t +b e +形 容 词 +t o d o s t h./d o i n g /t h a t .e.g.I t i s v e r y i m p o r t a n t t o l e a r n a

2、f o r e i g n l a n g u a g e.(学 一 门 外 语 非 常 重 要。)I t i s u s e l e s s c r y i n g o v e r t h e s p i l t m i l k.(覆 水 难 收。)I t w a s r e a l l y s u r p r i s i n g t h a t s h e m a r r i e d a m a n l i k e t h a t.(她 嫁 给 那 样 的 男 士 真 让 人 惊 讶。)4It is frightening to go climbing with him.？to go cl

3、imbing with him.to go climbing with him是真正的主语To go climbing with him is frightening.通常it作为形式主语，在句中没有实际意义，只是满足语法需要，起到一个平衡句子结构，避免句子头重脚轻的作用。1.It is important to protect the earth.2.It is our duty to protect the earth.3.It took me an hour to finish my homework yesterday.it作为形式主语不定式短语是真正的主语61.it作为形式主语代替不

4、定式(1)It is+adj for/of sb+to do sth(2)It is+n+to do sth(3)It takes/took sb+sth+to do sth7It is no use asking him for help.It is a waste of time playing too many online games.2.it作为形式主语代替动名词It is+useless/no use(good)/pleasure/a waste of sth+doing sth三个“没用”一个“没趣；浪费”It+be+名词词组+doing/that.e.g.It is no go

5、od telling lies.(撒谎没好处。)It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film yesterday.(你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。)空白演示 It+be+过去分词+that.该句型常见动词有：say,hope,think,suppose,expect,report,know,believe,decide,etc.e.g.It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.(据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。)It is believed that China will bec

6、ome one of the strongest countries in the world.(大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)It+seems/appears/happens等不及物动词+that.e.g.It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。)It appears that Tom might change his mind.(看来汤姆可能会改变主意。)若句子是疑若句子是疑问形式，就只能用形式，就只能用it作形作形式主式主语。e.g.Does it matter much that they wont co

7、me tomorrow?(他他们明天不明天不来很重要来很重要吗？)Is it true that he will go abroad next week?(他下周出国是真的他下周出国是真的吗？)It+takes+(sb.)+some time+to do sth.这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。e.g.It took me some time to read the reading books.(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读。)It took him fourteen hours to go

8、 to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train?(从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？)I am not sure,but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.(我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。)143.it作为形式主语代替从句(1)It is+done+句子It is said that the star will co

9、me to Beijing next month.It is+said/reported/thought/believed/learned.+句子153.it作为形式主语代替从句(2)It is+n(a pity/a shame/no wonder.)+句子It is a shame that I did such a silly thing.163.it作为形式主语代替从句(3)It+v(happens/seems/occurs/looks.)+句子It happened that I met my former deskmate yesterday.1.It is no use _(wor

10、ry)about the coming exam.2._ is reported that the missing 3-year old kid has been found safe.3.Its impossible_(live)with such little money.4.It is unclear _will take place of him.5.(改错)As is known that Taiwan belongs to China.6.(改错)That felt funny watching myself on TV.ExerciseworryingItto livewhoIt

11、Itit作为形式主语代替不定式代替动名词代替从句SummaryIt is+adj for/of sb+to do sthIt is+n+to do sthIt takes/took sb+sth+to do sthIt is+no use/good/useless/pleasure/a waste of sth+doing sthIt is+done+句子It is+n+句子It+v+句子 二、二、It 用作形式用作形式宾语it 作形式宾语作形式宾语 it 作形式宾语时，作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式（短语）、可以代替三种形式：不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和宾语从句。动名词（短语）和

12、宾语从句。it 作形式宾语时，作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件：需具备两个条件：真正的宾主是不定式、动名词或从句。真正的宾主是不定式、动名词或从句。有宾语补足语有宾语补足语 具备了这两个条件，具备了这两个条件，形式宾语形式宾语itit一定要用。一定要用。1 1 it 代替不定式（短语）代替不定式（短语）当不定式（短语）在复合宾语结构中作某些动词（如当不定式（短语）在复合宾语结构中作某些动词（如think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等）的宾语时。等）的宾语时。I find it pleasant to work with him.They felt it my h

13、onor to be invited to speak here.2 2 it 代替动名词（短语代替动名词（短语）这只限于少数句型，这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些。在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些。The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.Do you consider it any good trying again?He found it useless(no use)arguing with him.3 3 it 代替宾语从句代替宾语从句1 1）某些表示）某些表示“喜，怒，哀，乐喜，怒

14、，哀，乐”的动词，的动词，如如like,enjoy,love,hate,appreciate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，而是先用等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，而是先用itit作形式宾语，作形式宾语，再把真正的宾语从句放再把真正的宾语从句放在后面。在后面。I dont like it that hes so lazy.I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.We really appreciated it when she offered to help.2)that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语，引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语，而是先用而

15、是先用itit作形式宾语，作形式宾语，再把再把真正的宾语从句放在后面。常见于某些动词加介词的短语中，真正的宾语从句放在后面。常见于某些动词加介词的短语中，如如depend on,rely on,see to,stick to,answer for,等。等。You may depend on it that we shall always help you.Would you see to it that she gets home early?She insisted on it that she was innocent.3)3)由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭

16、配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用须借用it.I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident.I took it for granted that they were not coming.4)4)当从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词（如当从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词（如think,make,find等）的宾语时。等）的宾语时。They found it pleasant that they

17、 worked with us Chinese.5)动词动词+it+过去分词过去分词+从句从句He made it known to everyone that he was right.1 I consider it no use _(quarrel)with him about it.2 I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.3 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back?4 I would appreciate _

18、 if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.5 The Internet makes it possible _(share)the latest news.6 I think _ my duty to help her.7 We all thought it a pity _ the conference should have been cancelled.8 They took _ for granted that I would be no good at it.quarreling it it it to share

19、it that it直击高考直击高考1 1 孩子们觉得和父母在一起是安全和幸福的。孩子们觉得和父母在一起是安全和幸福的。Children feel it safe and happy to be with their parents.2 2 我发现很难与她相处。我发现很难与她相处。I find it hard to get along with her.3 3 现代技术使得在太空飞行成为可能。现代技术使得在太空飞行成为可能。Modern technology has made it possible to fly in space.4 4 大雨使我们更难按时完成工作。大雨使我们更难按时完成工作。The heavy rain made it more difficult for us to finish the work on time.5 5 我们认为向他解释清楚发生了什么事没有用处。我们认为向他解释清楚发生了什么事没有用处。We thought it no use explaining to him what happened.translationThank you!