高中英语时态 .pdf

《高中英语时态 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语时态 .pdf（7页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第二讲第二讲动词的时态及语态动词的时态及语态1.掌握动词几种不同时态与两种语态。课程目标课程目标2.熟练应用动词不同时态与语态。课程重点课程重点1、具体语境中时态的区别及运用2、具体语境中语态的区别及运用课程难点课程难点1、具体语境中时态的区别及运用2、具体语境中语态的区别及运用教学方法建议教学方法建议示例展示及讲练结合法知识梳理知识梳理一、动词的时态一、动词的时态考点一考点一一般现在时一般现在时(动词用原形或单数第三人称后加动词用原形或单数第三人称后加 s/ess/es 等等)规则 1：表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。如：The geography teacher told us t

2、he earth moves around the sun.规则 2：表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用行为动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。如：We always care for each other and help each other.规则 3：表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,like,hate,want,think,belong to,seem 等。如：Smith owns a car and a house.All th

3、e students here belong to No.1 Middle School.规则 4：少数用于表示起止的动词如come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,end,stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，只用一般现在时。如：The shop closes at 11：00 pm.every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.规则 5：在时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语 从句中可以用 shall 或 will

4、表“意愿”，但不表示时态。如：If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,my family will be pleased.规则 6：在 the morethe more句型中，通常用一般 现在时代替一般将来时。如：The harder you study,the betterresults you will get.规则 7：一般现在时所对应的时间状语常见的有：often,always,usually,seldom,now,every day等。考点二考点二现在进行时现在进行时(am/is/are(am/is/arev.in

5、g)v.ing)规则 1：表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作。如：It is raining now.规则 2：表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要当老师。规则 3：代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.长江滚滚向东流去。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。规则 4：与 always,often,forever,cons

6、tantly,continually 连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作 正在进行。如：He is always helping others.他总是帮助其他人。She is always forgetting something.她老是忘记某些事情。规则 5：下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时：(1)表示心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need,etc.(2)表示存在状态的动词及短语：appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depen

7、d on,etc.(3)表示瞬时性动作的动词：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete,etc.(4)表示感官的动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look，etc.规则 6：现在进行时所对应的时间状语常见的有：now,right now,at present,at this moment,these days 等。考点三考点三现在完成时现在完成时(has/have(has/havev v.ed).ed)规则 1：表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时刚刚完成的动作。如：I have fin

8、ished the report.规则 2：表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for”，“since”表述的一段时间状语连用。如：He has learned English for six years.They have worked here since they left college.规则 3：表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”；表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”。如：Where is Li Hua?He has gone to the readingroom.She knows a lot abou

9、t Shanghai.She has been there.规则 4：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。如：When you have learned English,you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.Well start at six if it has stopped raining by then.温馨提示 这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成，如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生，则不必用完成时。试比较：Ill let you know as soon as I hear from h

10、er.She will call you when she gets home.规则 5：短暂动词(即瞬间动词)及短语如：join,lose,buy,borrow,lend,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out,take part in等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：He has joined the army three years.()He joined the army three years ago.()He has been in the army for

11、three years.()It is/has been three years since he joined the army.()规则 6：下列句型中常用现在完成时：(1)It is(has been)一段时间since 从句(过去时)(2)This(That/It)is the first(second)time that现在完成时(3)This(That/It)is the onlythat现在完成时(4)This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interestingthat现在完成时规则 7：现在完成时对应的时间状语：recently,lately

12、,up to/till now,so far,in the past/last few months/years，for时间段，since过去时间点等。考点四考点四现在完成进行时（现在完成进行时（have/has been doinghave/has been doing）表示一个动作从过去开始发生持续到现在，但仍会延续到将来。如：I have been teaching English for 7 years.考点五考点五一般过去时一般过去时(ed(ed 或不规则变化或不规则变化)规则 1：一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)

13、；用于表达过去的习惯动作或状态；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去时。如：I met her in the street yesterday.规则 2：如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。如：He told me he read an interesting novel last night.规则 3：表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but,and,when,as soon as,immediately,the moment,the minute,etc.The moment she came

14、in,she told me what had happened to her.规则 4：用于 I didnt know或 I forgot，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。如：I didnt know you were here.(现在已经知道)Sorry,I forgot to bring my book.(“忘记带书”已成为过去的事了)规则 5：一般过去时所对应的时间状语常见的有：then,yesterday,last week,after that,ago,in the following/next fewmonths 等。考点六考点六过去进行时过去进行时(was/w

15、ere(was/werev.ing)v.ing)规则 1：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.规则 2：表示一个动作在另一个过去动作发生时进行。如：They were still working when I left.规则 3：指两个过去正在进行的动作同时发生。如：I was writing while he was watching TV.规则 4：过去计划、安排好的将来动作(只限于 plan,come,go,leave,arrive,start,mo

16、ve,sail,fly,travel,stay 等)。如：He said(that)she was arriving the next day.规则 5：与 always,often,forever,constantly,continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。如：Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of othersinstead of thinking of himself.规则 6：过去进行时可用来描绘故事发生时的背景。如：The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.规则 7：过去进行时对应

17、的时间状语常见的有：then,at that time,at this time yesterday等。考点七考点七过去完成时过去完成时(had(hadv.ed)v.ed)规则 1：在 by,by the end of,by the time,until,before后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，其谓语动词则表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。如：By the end of last year,we had produced 20，000 cars.规则 2：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态，即“从过去到过去”。如：When Jack a

18、rrived,Mary had been away for almost an hour.规则 3：表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用 had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去时接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/plannedto have done。如：I had hoped to send him a Christmas card,but I forgot to do so.规则 4：表示“一就”的几个句型：hardly/scarcelywhen(before)；no soonerth

19、anWe had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.规则 5：It/That/This was the first(second，third)time that(从句中用过去完成时态)。如：It was the second time that he had been out with her.规则 6：过去完成时对应的时间状语常见的有：before,by the end of last month/years等。考点八考点八一般将来时一般将来

20、时(will/shall/be going to do)(will/shall/be going to do)规则 1：表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall动词原形。规则 2：表示一种趋向或习惯性动作。如：Well die without air or water.规则 3：表示趋向行为的动词，如：come，go，start，begin，leave 等词，常用现在进行时表示一般将来时。规则 4：be going to do 与 will/shall do,be to do,beabout to do 的用法及区别：(1)shall/will do 表示事先未考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决

21、定。如：Youve left the light on.Oh,so I have.Ill go and turn it off.(2)在祈使句and/or陈述句句型中，陈述句中只能用will/情态动词动词原形。如：Work hard,and you will pass the exam.(3)be going to 表示现在打算最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will 则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine,well go fishing.()If it is fine,we are going to go fis

22、hing.()(4)be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。如：A meeting is to be held at 3：00 this afternoon.(5)be about to do sth.表示“即将，就要”，后面不能接具体时间状语或状语从句。如：Autumn harvest is about to start.规则 5：一般将来时对应的时间状语常见的有：tomorrow,today,next week/month，in an hour,in the coming/following few weeks等。考点九考点九 过去将来

23、时过去将来时(would do,was/were going to do)(would do,was/were going to do)规则 1：表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或状态或过去的意图打算(主要用于宾语从句中)。如：She was sure she would succeed.规则 2：表示过去经常发生的动作。如：When he was young,he would go swimming.温馨提示would 与 used to 的区别：would 只表示过去，不涉及现在；而used to 表示“过去常常”要与现在比较，即现在不是这样了。规则 3：过去将来时对应的时间状语常见的有：

24、the following month,the next week等。考点十考点十将来进行时（将来进行时（will be doingwill be doing）表示将来某一个时间点或者一段时间内正在发生的动作或持续的状态。如：I will be visiting London during the following five days.I will be doing my homework when you come to visit me tonight.考点十一考点十一将来完成时（将来完成时（will have donewill have done）表示截止到将来某时间以前已经完成的动作

25、或保持的状态。多与By 加将来时间标志词连用。如：By next month,I will have read more than ten books.二、动词的语态二、动词的语态考点一考点一概念概念动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：People speak English all over the world.(主动语态)English is spoken all over the world.(被动语态)考点二考点二动词的被动语态构成动词的被动语态构成规则 1：不能用被动语态的几种情况。(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动

26、词短语不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：hold,benefit,contain,equal,fit,join,mean,last,look like,consist of等。(3)表示归属的动词及短语，如：have,own,belong to等。(4)表示“希望，意图”的动词，如：wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等时谓语动词不用被动语态。(7)有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时。这类常见的动词有sell,write,wash

27、,open,lock等。规则 2：主动形式表被动意义。(1)当 feel,look,smell,taste,sound 等后接形容词时；当 cut,read,sell,wear,write 等词后接状语修饰语 well/smoothly等时；当动词表示“开始、发生、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时，均用主动形式表被动意义。如：These novels wont sell well.The door wont lock.(2)want,require,need 后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。(3)be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。(4)在“be形容词to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动含义。如：The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外，be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动含义。规则 3：被动语态与系表结构的区别。被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：The plate was broken by the cat.(被动语态)How did this dish get broken？(系表结构)