翻译不同文体的翻译.pptx

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1、目 录一 法律文件的翻译 二 文学的翻译 三 旅游材料的翻译 四 新闻报道的翻译 五 会话的翻译 六 论文摘要的翻译 七 应用文的翻译 八 有中国特色的文章的翻译第1页/共186页回目录一.法律文件的翻译 法律文件的翻译 法律文件包括法令、协议、合同等，其主要特点是准确严谨，文体庄严，在遣词造句和行文格式方面都有非常严格的要求。法律文件使用专业术语，措辞不带感情色彩。而英语法律文件常使用一些在其他领域已经停止使用的古体连词和虚词，使法律文献更加正式。所以英译汉的时候可以把这些无实际意义的词语删去，而汉译英的时候，则应适当选用。第2页/共186页法律文件的翻译法律文件的翻译例1：The part

2、ies hereto shall,first of all,settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations.Should such negotiations fail,such dispute may be referred to the Peoples Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the

3、 disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.解析：双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未果，合同中无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成协议的，可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。解析：本句中的shall和may表达准确。出现争议后应当先行协商，所以使用shall表示义务性约定；如果无法协商解决，作为当事人的权利，使用may表示选择性约定，也很妥当。如果may和shall调换位置会怎么样？前半句的shall换用may后，意思变成了当事人可以通过协

4、凋解决，缺乏法律文件的严谨性。但后半句的may换用shall后，变成了应当诉公解决，好象一出事，就要打官司，这就有些不友好了。再者，副词hereto也无实际意义。第3页/共186页法律文件的翻译法律文件的翻译例2：If the insured property enumerated in the Schedule is more than one item,the provision of this clauses shall apply to each thereof.译文：如本保险所载项目不止一项时，赔款按本规定逐项计算。解析：使用了法律常用古语thereof，但并无实际意义。例3：本合同

5、自买方和建造方签署之日生效。译文：This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.解析：使用了hereof，并无实际意义。第4页/共186页实际上，这种公文语惯用副词为数并不多，而且构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：从此以后，今后：hereafter此后，以后：thereafter在其上：h

6、ereon,thereupon在其下：thereunder对于这个：hereto对于那个：thereto在上文：hereinabove,hereinbefore在下文：hereinafter,hereinbelow在上文中：thereinbefore在上一部分中：thereinafter 回目录法律文件的翻译 第5页/共186页回目录法律文件的翻译 练习 将下列句子译成汉语。1 持票人对背书人、发票人及其他债务人的追索权，自规定的提示期限期满起六个月内不行使者，因失时效而终止。2任何缔约国都可以适用其本国法律，要求集体商标或证明商标的所有人向其国家主管机关提供一些证件或其他证明，特别要包括持有

7、这种商标的协会或其他团体的章程和有关监督这种商标的使用规则。第6页/共186页3第四条 对违反边防管理法规行为的处罚分为下列四种：（1）警告（2）具结悔过（3）罚款（4）禁止登陆 4付款条件：开给售方100不可撤回即期付款及可转让可分割无追索权之信用证，并须注明可在上述装运日期后15天内在中国议付有效。5本合同自签署之日起生效。回目录法律文件的翻译 第7页/共186页6鉴于本保险单明细表中列明的被保险人向保险公司（以下简称“本公司”）提交书面投保申请和有关资料（该投保申请及资料被视为本保险单的有效组成部分），并向本公司缴付了本保险单明细表中列明的保险费，本公司同意按本保险单的规定负责赔偿在本保

8、险单明细表中列明的保险期限内被保险人的保险财产遭受的损坏或灭失，特立本保险单为凭。7作为所协议事项的证据，缔约双方自上述日期起由其正式授权的高级职员或代表执行本合约。本合约使用语言为英语，一式两份。回目录法律文件的翻译 第8页/共186页二.文学的翻译 文学的翻译 回目录文学是文化内涵最丰富的文体，文化的差异往往是最难传达的。茅盾曾经说过，文学是“用一种语言，把原作的艺术意境传达出来，使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受”。文学翻译必须是文学。因此从某种意义上讲，文学翻译难度最大。文学翻译的要点是译出文体色彩和感情色彩，很多时候需要灵活和变通。文学有小说、诗歌、戏剧和

9、散文等形式。翻译文学作品，就要研究各种文学体裁的具体语言特点，从而确保译文的准确与风格。第9页/共186页文学的翻译文学的翻译例 1:沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少人走，夜晚更加寂寞。荷塘四面，长着许多树，蓊蓊郁郁的。路的一旁，是些杨柳，和一些不知道名字的树。没有月亮的晚上，这路上阴森森的，有些怕人。今晚却很好，虽然月光也还是淡淡的。曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙。层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星。微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。这

10、时候叶子与花也有一丝的颤动，像闪电般，霎时传过荷塘的那边去了。第10页/共186页文学的翻译文学的翻译译文：A path paved with coaldust zigzags along the lotus pond,so secluded as to be little frequented in the daytime,to say nothing of its loneliness at night.Around the pond grows profusion of luxuriant trees.On one side of the path are some willows an

11、d other trees whose names are unknown to me.On moonless nights,the place has a gloomy,somewhat forbidding appearance.But on this particular evening,it has a cheerful look,though the moon was still pale.On the uneven surface of the pond,all one could see was a mass of leaves,all interlaced and shooti

12、ng high above the water like the skirts of slim dancing girls.The leaves were dotted in between the layers with white flowers,some blooming gracefully；others,as if bashfully,still in bud.They were like bright pearls and stars in an azure sky.Their subtle fragrance was wafted by the passing breeze,in

13、 whiffs airy as the notes of a song coming faintly from some distant tower.There was a tremor on leaf and flower,which,with the suddenness of lighting,soon drifted to the far end of the pond.第11页/共186页解析：朱自清的散文荷塘月色优美动人，满篇皆让人感到作者笔下轻灵的气氛，无尽的月色与作者的内心融合得天衣无缝。而译文在描写荷花这部分景色的时候，使用了大量的修饰词语，恰当地表现出了其特点。荷花部分的译

14、文则不同，如：all interlaced and shooting high above the water like the skirts of slim dancing girls，some blooming gracefully;others,as if bashfully,still in bud。荷花的淡雅与轻盈以及带给人的愉悦形成了绝妙的对照。也充分传达了文章的内在感情色彩。文学的翻译 回目录第12页/共186页钗头凤陆游红酥手，黄縢酒，满城春色宫墙柳。东风恶，欢情薄，一怀愁绪，几年离索。错，错，错！春如旧，人空瘦。泪痕红浥鲛绡透。桃花落，闲池阁。山盟虽在，锦书难托。莫，莫，莫！

15、例2：文学的翻译 回目录第13页/共186页译文：The Garden of ShenTune:“Phoenix Hairpin”Pink hands so fine,Gold-branded wine,Spring paints the willows greenPalace walls cant confine.East wind unfair,Happy times rare.In my heart sad thoughts throng;Weve severed for years long.Wrong,wrong,wrong!Spring is as green,文学的翻译 回目录第

16、14页/共186页In vain shes lean,Her kerchief soaked with tearsAnd red with stains unclean.Peach blossoms fallNear deserted hall.Our oath is still there.Lo!No word to her can go.No,no,no!文学的翻译 回目录第15页/共186页文学的翻译 回目录解析：从中国古典诗词中的翻译中，无疑可以看到语言文化的强烈的不对等性。如诗词固有的曲牌，限定了诗的格式与韵律，寥寥数语，而内涵无限。虽然译文有了新的韵脚，但原有的格律和韵味在译文中完

17、全消失了。又如原文中提到的“鲛绡”，华美织物的质地引人联想，更易于体验作品的感情与色彩。而译文就只有kerchief了。又如三个“莫”字，如此强烈，如此无奈，如此动人心魄，又岂是no所能够表达出来的呢！但除了这些无可改变的遗憾外，译文还是较为完整地体现了原诗的精髓。如Spring paints the willows green与palace walls cant confine恰当地描绘了生机盎然的春意。而紧接其后的East wind unfair与Happy times rare两句，又巧妙地点出了作者的愁绪。第16页/共186页例3:1.Studies serve for delight

18、,for ornament,and for ability.2.Their chief use for delight,is in privateness and retiring;for ornament,is in discourse;and for ability,is in the judgment and disposition of business.3.For expert men can execute,and perhaps judge of particulars,one by one;but the general counsels,and the plots and m

19、arshalling of affairs,come best from those that are learned.4.To spend too much time in studies is sloth;to use them too much for ornament,is affection;to make judgment wholly by their rules,is the humour of a scholar.Of Studies by Francis Bacon 回目录第17页/共186页1.读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。2.其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，

20、最见于 高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。3.练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观 统筹、全句策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。4.读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断 事乃学究故态。译文：谈读书 弗朗西斯培根著王佐良译文学的翻译 回目录第18页/共186页文学的翻译 回目录解析：弗朗西斯培根的谈读书原文论述严谨，用词工整。其中有些段落可谓家喻户晓，很多人都可以随口背诵。而王佐良的翻译忠实地再现了原文的风格：严谨、工整、简洁。如开篇第一句“读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才”。第19页/共186页例例 4:文学的翻译文学的翻译 I WANDERED LONELY AS A

21、CLOUDby William WordsworthI wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host,of golden daffodils；Beside the lake,beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched

22、 in neverending lineAlong the margin of a bay：Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.(to be continued)第20页/共186页例例 4:文学的翻译文学的翻译Continued:The waves beside them danced；but theyOutdid the sparkling waves in glee：A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company：I gazed

23、and gazedbut little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought：For oft,when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude；And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.第21页/共186页例例 4:文学的翻译文学的翻译译文：我孤独地漫游，像一朵云（飞白译）我

24、孤独地漫游，像一朵云在山丘和谷地上飘荡，忽然间我看见一群金色的水仙花迎春开放，在树荫下，在湖水边，迎着微风起舞翩翩。连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，在银河里闪闪发光，它们沿着湖湾的边缘延伸成无穷无尽的一行；我一眼看见了一万朵，在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。(接下页)第22页/共186页例例 4:文学的翻译文学的翻译粼粼波光也在跳着舞，水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；与这样快活的伴侣为伍，诗人怎能不满心欢乐！我久久凝望，却想象不到这奇景赋予我多少财宝，每当我躺在床上不眠，或心神空茫，或默默沉思，它们常在心灵中闪现，那是孤独之中的福祉；于是我的心便涨满幸福，和水仙一同翩翩起舞。译文完美地再现了原诗优美的浪漫情调。第23页/共1

25、86页文学的翻译文学的翻译 练习（一）英译汉1在此时此刻，我们虽然遭受种种困难和挫折，我仍然有一个梦想，这个梦想是深深扎根于美国的梦想中的。我梦想有一天，这个国家会站立起来，真正实现其信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，人人生而平等。”我梦想有一天，在佐治亚的红山上，昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起，共叙兄弟情谊。我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州这个正义匿迹，压迫成风，如同沙漠般的地方，也将变成自由和正义的绿洲。我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色，而是以他们的品格优劣来评价他们的国度里生活。我今天有一个梦想。我梦想有一天，亚拉巴马州能够有所转变，尽管该州州长

26、现在仍然满口异议，反对联邦法令，但有朝一日，那里的黑人男孩和女孩将能与白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉，携手并进。第24页/共186页文学的翻译 回目录2.郝斯嘉小姐长得并不美，可是极富于魅力。男人见了她，往往要着迷，就像汤家那一对双胞胎兄弟似的。原来这位小姐脸上显然混杂着两种特质：一种是母亲给她的娇柔，一种是父亲给她的豪爽。因为她母亲是个法兰西血统的海滨贵族，父亲是个皮色深浓的爱尔兰人，所以遗传给她的质地难免不调和。可是质地虽然不调和，她那一张脸蛋儿却实在是迷人得很，下巴颏儿尖尖的，牙床骨儿方方的。她的眼珠子是一味的淡绿色，不杂一丝儿的茶褐，周围竖着一圈儿粗黑的睫毛，眼角微微有点翘，上面斜竖着两撇墨墨

27、的娥眉，在她那木兰花一般白的皮肤上，画出两条异常惹眼的斜线。就是她那一身皮肤，也正是南方女人最最喜爱的，谁要长着这样的皮肤，就要拿帽子、面罩、手套之类的东西当心保护着，舍不得让那太热的阳光晒黑。第25页/共186页文学的翻译 回目录3.起初，当神创造宇宙时，大地混沌荒芜。狂暴的海洋淹没万物，而后被无边无际的黑暗吞噬；神的力量运行于水上。于是神命令：“光”光就出现了。神为眼前的景象而喜悦。于是他把光、暗分开，称光为“昼”，称暗为“夜”。夜晚消逝，晨光来临这是第一天。然后，神命令：“要有一个穹隆把水分开，隔离在两处”事情就这样成了。神造出一个穹隆，将水上下分开。他称穹隆为“天”。夜晚消逝，晨光来临

28、这是第二天。然后，神命令：“天下的水要汇集一处，这样大陆会显现”事情就这样成了。他称大陆为“地”，称汇集一处的水为“海”。神为眼前的景象而喜悦。然后，神命令：“地要生出各种植物，有结籽的，有结果的”事情就这样成了。于是地生出了各种植物，神为眼前的景象而喜悦。夜晚消逝，晨光来临这是第三天。第26页/共186页（二）汉译英 1.RushSwallows may have gone,but there is a time of return;willow trees may have died back,but there is a time of regreening;peach blossoms

29、 may have fallen,but they will bloom again.Now,you,the wise,tell me,why should our days leave us,but never to return?If they had been stolen by someone,who could it be?Where could he hide them?If they had made the escape themselves,then where could they stay at the moment?文学的翻译 回目录第27页/共186页I dont k

30、now how many days I have been given to spend,but I do feel my hands are getting empty.Taking stock silently,I find that more than eight thousand days have already slid away from me.Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean,my days are dripping into the stream of tim

31、e,soundless,traceless.Already sweat is starting on my forehead,and tears welling up in eyes.Those that have gone have gone for good,those to come keep coming;yet in between,how swift is the shift,in such a rush?When I get up in the morning,the slanting sun marks its presence in my small room in two

32、or three oblongs.The sun has feet,look,he is treading on,文学的翻译 回目录第28页/共186页lightly and furtively;and I am caught,blankly,in his revolution.Thusthe day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands,wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal,and passes away before my day-dreaming gaze as reflects in

33、 silence.I can feel his haste now,so I reach out my hands to hold him back,but he keeps flowing past my withholding hands.In the evening,as I lie in bed,he strides over my body,glides past my feet,in his agile way.The moment I open my eyes and meet the sun again,one whole day has gone.I bury my face

34、 in my hands and heave a sigh.But the new day begins to flash past in the sigh.文学的翻译 回目录第29页/共186页What can I do,in this bustling world,with my days flying in their escape?Nothing but to hesitate,to rush.What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush,apart from hesitating?Those bygone days ha

35、ve been dispersed as smoke by a light wind,or evaporated as mist by the morning sun.What traces have I left behind me?Have I ever left behind any gossamer traces at all?I have come to the world,stark naked;am I to go back,in a blink,in the same stark nakedness?It is not fair though:Why should I have

36、 made such a trip for nothing!You,the wise,tell me,why should our days leave us,never to return.文学的翻译 回目录第30页/共186页2.Tiger in TowA tiger,on the hunt for animals to devour,caught a fox.“You cannot be so bold as to eat me,”said the fox,“I am sent by the heavenly god to rule over the animal kingdom.If

37、you eat me you will be going against a heavenly mandate.Do you think I am lying?Let me go first and you follow behind.Well see whether any animal is so brave as not to flee when they see me.”The tiger agreed to the plan and accordingly went with the fox.All the animals who saw them fled.The tiger,un

38、der the impression that they were afraid of the fox,was unaware that he himself was the cause of their flight.文学的翻译 回目录第31页/共186页文学的翻译文学的翻译练习（二）汉译英3Moonlight cascaded like water over the lotus leaves and flowers,and a light blue mist floating up from the pool made them seem washed in milk or clouds

39、in a gauzy dream.Though the moon was full,a film of pale clouds in the sky would not allow its rays to shine through brightly;but I felt this was all to the goodthough refreshing sleep is indispensable,short naps have a charm of all their own.As the moon shone from behind them,the dense trees on the

40、 hills threw checkered shadows,dark forms loomed like devils,and the sparse,graceful shadows of willows seemed painted on the lotus leaves.The moonlight on the pool was not uniform,but light and shadow made up a harmonious rhythm like a beautiful tune played on a violin.Far and near,high and low aro

41、und the pool were trees,most of them willows.These trees had the pool entirely hemmed in,the only small clearings left being those by the path,apparently intended for the moon.All the trees were somber as dense smoke,but among them you could make out the luxuriant willows,while faintly above the tre

42、e tops loomed distant hillstheir general outline only.And between the trees appeared one or two street lamps,listless as the eyes of someone drowsy.The liveliest sounds at this hour were the cicadas chirruping on the trees and the frogs croaking in the pool;but this animation was theirs alone,I had

43、no part in it.Then lotus gathering flashed into my mind.This was an old custom south of the Yangtze,which apparently originated very early and was most popular in the period of the six Kingdoms,as we see from the songs of the time.The lotuses were picked by girls in small boats,who sang haunting son

44、gs as they padded.They turned out in force,we may be sure,and there were spectators too,for that was a cheerful festival and a romantic one.We have a good account of it in a poem by Emperor Yuan of the Liang dynasty called Lotus Gatherers.第32页/共186页三.旅游材料的翻译 旅游材料的翻译 回目录旅游材料的翻译涉及多种学科，从自然科学到社会科学，从天文地理

45、到风土人情，乃至文化娱乐，吃穿住行，可谓无所不包。这就决定了旅游材料的特点：涉及知识面广，题材多样化。旅游材料经常要向外国游客介绍中国的风景名胜，而其中蕴涵着浓厚的中国传统文化。有些东西在中国可能是妇孺皆知，所以中文中没有过多的解释。而译成英文时，就要添加一些解释，才能够使外国游客理解文化的差异。第33页/共186页旅游材料的翻译 回目录例：路左有一巨石，石上原有苏东坡手书“云外流春”四个大字。译文：To its left is another rock formerly engraved with four big Chinese characters“Yun Wai Liu Chun”(B

46、eyond clouds flows spring.)written by Su Dongpo(10371101),the most versatile poet of the Northern Song Dynasty(9601127).解析：“云外流春”是什么意思？苏东坡又是谁？翻译中都增加了必要的解释。第34页/共186页在旅游材料中，有不少东西是中国传统历史文化特有的产物，在英语中没有对等概念，如果直译，会引起误解，甚至根本让人看不懂，而如果意译，又过于麻烦，事倍功半。这时候，可以适当地删减。例：早在春秋时，吴王阖闾使弟夫概于此筑城为王邑。因城狭而长，故名长城，距今已有2 500多年的

47、历史。至五代后梁开平二年（908年），吴越王钱镠避朱温庙讳，改长城县为长兴县，长兴县由此始。旅游材料的翻译 回目录第35页/共186页译文：Changxing has a history of more than 2,500 years.First built during the Spring and Autumn Period(770 BC476 BC)under the order of the king of Wu Kingdom,it was named Changcheng(Long City)for its long and narrow shape.It was renamed

48、 Changxing County in 908 by Qian Miu,the first king of Wuyue Kingdom.Hence is the name of the county.解析：如果要解释例句中的“五代后梁开平二年”和“避朱温庙讳”，恐怕要重新写一篇文章了。所以，直接点出时间in 908，后者干脆省掉了，不影响译文的理解。旅游材料的翻译 回目录第36页/共186页汉语材料往往使用较为夸张的修饰性语言，用优美的书面语来体现被描写的事物，而英语译文则显得更为平实，许多修饰性的语言均省略。此外，在景观类的描写中，汉语有极强的使用四字格的倾向，且这些四字词语有极强的书面语

49、色彩；而英语中的文字则没有这种特点。所以，在汉译英时，那些华丽的四字格诗化语言只能被简化，而英译汉时，则需要添加一些四字格词语以增强感染力与文采。旅游材料的翻译 回目录第37页/共186页例1：夜晚，凭栏远望珠江上的白鹅潭，皓月当空，繁星闪闪，舟楫穿梭，鹅潭美景，一览无遗。译文：Look into the distance and you will have a nice view of the White Swan Pond in the Pearl River and boats up and down the river with the bright moon and twinklin

50、g stars in the sky.解析：通过这种简化处理，虽然未能完全表达出原文饱含的赞美欣赏之情，但基本保证了信达雅的要求。旅游材料的翻译 回目录第38页/共186页例2：Century after century,winds blow yellow sand around the pyramids.Rules have come and gone.Everything seems to change except the pyramids.They remain a 5,000-year-old puzzle.译文：5000年来，狂风劲扫，黄沙漫卷，多少朝代兴盛衰微，文治武功过眼云烟。