考研英语语法长难句.pdf

《考研英语语法长难句.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语语法长难句.pdf（41页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、考研英语：语法长难句考研英语：语法长难句目录目录第一课 奋斗的开始简单句.1一 什么是英语句子？.1二 英语句子的基本结构.1三 句子的成分.2四 简单句的考点分析.4第二课 难点稍露尖尖角并列句.7一 什么是并列句？.7二 并列连词及与其同义的逻辑关系词.7三 并列句的考点分析.7第三课 名词（短语）和名词性从句. 10一 名词（短语）能作什么成分. 10二 什么是名词性从句.11三 名词性从句的引导词. 11四 名词性从句的考点分析. 11第四课 绝对的考研命穴定语和定语从句.16一 什么是定语.16二 定语的成分.16三 定语的位置.17四 定语从句.17五 定语从句的特殊用法. 19六

2、 区分定语从句和同位语从句. 20七 定语从句的至难点.20八 考点分析.21第五课 接近尾声的凯旋状语和状语从句.24一 形容词和副词的成分. 24二 什么是状语？.24三 状语从句.24四 状语和状语从句的考点分析. 28五 句子所有成分大总结. 29六 比较结构的特殊用法. 30第六课 唱着歌去考研英语的特殊结构.33一 强调句型.33二 倒装.34三 虚拟语气.37四 补充：情态动词的用法. 39五 插入语.391第一课 奋斗的开始简单句第一课 奋斗的开始简单句一 什么是英语句子？一 什么是英语句子？英汉句法结构的差异英汉句法结构的差异区别区别汉语汉语英语英语1可以没有主谓宾必须有主谓

3、2主谓宾顺序可以乱放主谓宾顺序不可以乱放3可以没有语法必须有语法举例：北京机场就要到了。我要去剪头。二 英语句子的基本结构二 英语句子的基本结构1. 主谓主谓2. 主谓宾主谓宾谓语谓语：实义动词3. 主谓表主谓表谓语谓语：系动词系动词主要分为以下六类：系动词主要分为以下六类：be感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel变化：become, get, turn, grow, fall2保持：keep, stay, remain, stand表象：seem, appear终止：prove4. 主谓双宾主谓双宾5. 主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补举例：I bought him

4、a dog.You should keep the room clean and tidy.We made him our monitor.His father told him not to play in the street.三 句子的成分三 句子的成分1. 谓语谓语1） 谓语的成分：） 谓语的成分：举例：Your mother must very beautiful.2） 动词能不能多？） 动词能不能多？举例Laugh at others is my hobby.I enjoy see movies.My dream is become a rich lady.练习他穿上外衣，锁上门，

5、离开了家。大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。长江流经不同的生态体系，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。我爱你，你爱我。3冬天来了，春天就不远了。我是一个老师，我很喜欢唱歌。3）动词能不能少？）动词能不能少？举例Your mother must very beautiful;I against you.谓语的总结：谓语的总结：2. 主语主语1） 主语的成分） 主语的成分举例Handsome and strong are his nature.2） 主语能不能少？） 主语能不能少？举例北京很冷。如果没有主语：如果没有主语：加 it 作为主语：必须与天气、温度

6、、时间有关系。练习: 机舱里很闷。there be 句型：听到“有”的时候使用。练习: 有很多人喜欢我。被动：所有用人称代词做主语的句子，都可以考虑写成被动。练习:4 必须指出坚持很重要。 越来越多的人认为过度捕捞很严重。三种情况无被动：三种情况无被动：人称代词：不到万不得已，最好不要使用。练习: 如果有梦想，就应该会成功。3. 宾语宾语能够充当宾语的成分：能够充当宾语的成分：4. 表语表语能够充当表语的成分：能够充当表语的成分：举例：I am a teacher.I am in Chongqing.I am beautiful.My dream is to become a poet.My

7、dream is becoming a poet.练习：我喜欢在重庆。女人都爱美。四 简单句的考点分析四 简单句的考点分析1. 写作中的使用写作中的使用1）举例越来越多的大学生自杀，这个事实表明我们应该关注这个话题了。5站在讲台上的女人看起来很好看。2）举例刘晓艳是一个彪悍的女人。我给爷爷买了一条小花狗。他每天遛狗。2. 长难句分析长难句分析练习Creating a European identity that respects the different cultures and traditions whichgo to make up the connecting fabric of t

8、he Old Continent is no easy task.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into themale-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are alreadyquestioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid socialladder to good schools and

9、jobs.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruelat worst.课后练兵这两天心里很不爽。全球在变暖。重庆有很多人口。嫉妒本身就是一种仰望。6有意义就是好好活，好好活就是做有意义的事情。建议政府采取措施来缓解这个问题。毫无疑问，溺爱孩子的问题越来越严重了。保护运动员是应该的。7第二课 难点

10、稍露尖尖角第二课 难点稍露尖尖角并列句并列句一 什么是并列句？一 什么是并列句？举例I love you, you love that dog.二 并列连词及与其同义的逻辑关系词二 并列连词及与其同义的逻辑关系词1. 常见的并列连词及逻辑关系词常见的并列连词及逻辑关系词平行：and, not onlybut also转折：but, while, yet, whereas选择：or, whetheror因果：for, so递进：then2. 连词与副词、介词短语的区别三 并列句的考点分析连词与副词、介词短语的区别三 并列句的考点分析1. 写作中的使用写作中的使用举例这个男人很有钱，我决定嫁给他。

11、8课后练兵爱情早已经不在了，她还在留恋过去。有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。都说我如水百变，可知我清澈不变。还记得那天吗？我没有通过四级考试，一个人在雨中哭泣，你走过来，拍拍我的肩膀，告诉我人生没有终点。2. 完形中的使用完形中的使用3. 长难句分析长难句分析练习Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control andhence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational researchexpert

12、s.The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely tobe treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historicalwork in general or to the research techni

13、ques appropriate to the various branches ofhistorical inquiry.Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.课后练兵Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes for pictures or music was not only aloss

14、 of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably tothe moral character.9As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, andtheir extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and withit the confidence tha

15、t information will be available when needed and will be trustworthyand reliable.10第三课 名词（短语）和名词性从句第三课 名词（短语）和名词性从句一 名词（短语）能作什么成分一 名词（短语）能作什么成分1. 主语主语举例这部电影很好看。2. 宾语宾语举例我欣赏阿甘的妈妈。3. 表语表语举例阿甘真是个男人。4. 同位语同位语举例我喜欢这个部分，开始的部分。1） 什么是同位语：） 什么是同位语：举例 我喜欢 Eason，一个香港著名歌手。 我的妈妈，一个典型的家庭主妇，喜欢打麻将。练习2）能够充当同位语的成分：）能够

16、充当同位语的成分：11二 什么是名词性从句三 名词性从句的引导词二 什么是名词性从句三 名词性从句的引导词举例他已经离婚了是我的错。他已经离婚了吗是显而易见的。他会和谁结婚呢是一个秘密。名词性从句的引导词按照从句的类型划分：名词性从句的引导词按照从句的类型划分：1）2）3）练习我正在思考外星人存在吗。女人总是对的是一个常识。我的意思是孝敬父母是中华民族的一个传统美德。有一天你会发现事业、亲情、友情都比爱情重要。关键是你什么时候有钱哪。四 名词性从句的考点分析四 名词性从句的考点分析1. 写作中的使用写作中的使用1）主语从句主语从句的满分表达：）主语从句主语从句的满分表达：12几个满分句型：满分

17、句型的位置：几个满分句型：满分句型的位置：练习显而易见，关于勤奋这个话题已经引起广泛关注了。2）同位语从句）同位语从句举例他成功地找到了女朋友，这件事情使他的家人很开心。没有什么能够掩盖她正在变老这个事实。河南人都是骗子这种想法是不正确的。温室里的花朵不能经受风雨这个事实表明我们不应该溺爱孩子。2. 长难句分析长难句分析1） 如何识别主语从句） 如何识别主语从句练习That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure scienc

18、e at theexpense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen asthe driving force.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon theamount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill andwisdom with which it is int

19、erpreted.13It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideasreadily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal andmathematical symbols in solving problems.For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percentfatal to rats

20、, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completelynormal.Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directlybound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turnrests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all

21、 kinds2） 如何识别宾语从句） 如何识别宾语从句举例She said (that) she would marry an old rich man.I wonder if I can pass the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination smoothly.练习This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survivein. A fact underlined by statistics shows that out of eigh

22、ty European televisionnetworks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage offorcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling himto detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.You have all

23、 heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction（归14纳法）and deduction （演绎法） , that by the help of these operations, they, in a sortof sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these,by some special skills of their own, they build up their theories.3）

24、如何识别表语从句） 如何识别表语从句练习A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteousand helpful most Americans were to themGalileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newlyinvented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around t

25、he sunrather than around the Earth.Women are much too preoccupied by family. Once the marriage begins todisintegrate, they are lost. That is where their unhappiness spring from and that iswhy most divorced mothers regard themselves as victims.4） 如何识别同位语从句） 如何识别同位语从句练习Being interested in the relation

26、ship of language and thought, Whorf developed theidea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in asociety.A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were thedisguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears.But the idea that the jour

27、nalist must understand the law more profoundly than an15ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions andspecial responsibilities of the news media.Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as6 months old.Concerns were raised that witn

28、esses might be encouraged to exaggerate theirstories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.16第四课 绝对的考研命穴定语和定语从句第四课 绝对的考研命穴定语和定语从句一 什么是定语二 定语的成分一 什么是定语二 定语的成分1. 形容词作定语形容词作定语举例那只善良的夜莺死了。那只善良和勇敢的夜莺死了。2. 名词作定语名词作定语举例夜莺的歌声能让这朵玫瑰开放。3. 介词短语作定语介词短语作定语举例窗外的夜莺听到了年轻人的感叹。4. 非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语举例那只唱歌的夜莺失去了它的生命。5. 从句作定

29、语从句作定语176. 形容词性物主代词作定语三 定语的位置形容词性物主代词作定语三 定语的位置练习这是一个关于夜莺和玫瑰的故事。那个懂爱的年轻人离开了王子的舞会。被拒绝的那个男生看起来很可怜。我有重要的事情要告诉你。四 定语从句四 定语从句1.定语从句的构成定语从句的构成n. + 引导词 + 句子2. 定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词按照先行词的种类，一共分成五类：1）2）3）4）5）谁决定引导词的用法？谁决定引导词的用法？18举例I will never forget the day _ I met you.I will never forget the day _ we s

30、pent.You had better have some reason _ you are late.You had better have some reason _ sounds perfect.定语从句引导词的分类新标准定语从句引导词的分类新标准练习：夜莺用生命换来的玫瑰花被扔掉了。这些圆顶的建筑物看起来很漂亮。成功属于有梦想的人已经被无数个事实所证明了。穿自己的鞋不仅方便而且还确保一点，不用去管别人的感受。问题的关键是谁应该为道德的沦丧负责呢？外表看起来非常邋遢的他其实内心很高尚。那些全力以赴去实现梦想的人，即使最终没有成功也不会感到遗憾，这很重要。上课不集中精力，而又想通过考试的同

31、学，往往会发现结果差强人意。19五 定语从句的特殊用法五 定语从句的特殊用法1 that 引导定语从句时，如果在从句中充当宾语，that 可以省略举例我喜欢我妈妈给我买的这本书。练习The potential evolution of todays technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlinglycomplicated, and its perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists toexplore the many possibilities we c

32、an envisage.2 区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句举例I love Liu, who is beautiful.I love Liu who is beautiful.练习Edison, whose inventions have been over 2000, is a famous scientist.3 先行词和引导词之间有介词的情况举例He is the man from _ we should learn.I will never forget the day on _ I met you.4 区别 the same as；the same that 引导的定语从句举例

33、He is the same man as I love.He is the same man that I love.205 as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句举例He enjoys talking with young ladies, which drives me mad.6 定语从句中引导词 which 和 that 的区别六六区分定语从句和区分定语从句和同位语从句同位语从句举例I have a dream that sounds funny.I have a dream that I will become a rich lady.不同点：不同点：1.2.3.4.七 定语从

34、句的至难点七 定语从句的至难点举例The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener _interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.A. whoB. asC. whichD. what定语从句的至难点是什么？如何寻找先行词？定语从句的至难点是什么？如何寻找先行词？21举例When someone abandons you, he is the one who

35、should get loss because for him, he losessomeone who loves him but for you, you lose someone who does not love you.For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of importance thatcame from being a loyal employee.The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connecti

36、on with the processof thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languagescould be.My husband enjoys talking with other young ladies, which really gets me go mad.As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, includingnon-standard ones like Black

37、 English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists nolanguage or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.八 考点分析八 考点分析1. 写作中的使用写作中的使用举例宠物能够减少孤单。读书能够增长知识。两个万能定语两个万能定语:22英汉差异对比：英汉差异对比：1）英语重形合，汉语重意合2） 英语多被动，汉语多主动练习在过去的几十年中，政府采取了各种措施去预防灾害。3） 汉语多短句，英语多长句练习乌镇是浙江的一个水镇，它位于京杭大运河旁。我昨天去打球了，我在操场上遇

38、见一个女人，她儿子正在跑步。人们会在门上粘贴主题有健康、发财和好运的春联。2. 长难句分析长难句分析如何找定语呢？如何找定语呢？练习Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions whichgo to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands astrategic choice.In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups

39、 have been increasingly successful groupswhich bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing housesthat work in relation to one another.23Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others arereasonable consequences of particular advances in scien

40、ce being to some extentself-accelerating.In short, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it,was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments thatexpanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”Astrophysicistsworkingwithground

41、-baseddetectorsattheSouthPoleandballoon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report theirfindings soon.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, AustraliasNorthern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to t

42、akethe lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends,therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and uponsuch factors as costs and availability.24第五课 接近尾声的凯旋状语和状语从句第五课 接近尾声的

43、凯旋状语和状语从句一 形容词和副词的成分一 形容词和副词的成分1. 形容词形容词2. 副词二 什么是状语？副词二 什么是状语？1. 状语的含义状语的含义2.状语成分状语成分1） She smiles sweetly.2） I tried again and again.3） He runs fast like a crazy dog.4） He leaves, crying.5） I will return the book as soon as I have read it.3.状语的位置三 状语从句状语的位置三 状语从句1. 构成构成2. 引导词的分类标准引导词的分类标准253. 九大状语

44、从句九大状语从句1）时间状语从句）时间状语从句1 1. 常见的引导词：常见的引导词：when = while = asbeforeaftersincethe momentby the timeuntilnotuntil2 2. 状语从句的时态状语从句的时态举例当爱来临的时候我要牵住她的手。当爱来临的时候，我没有牵到她的手。3 3. 区别区别 until 和和 notuntil举例：直到我长大，我才意识到母亲的伟大。4 4. when 引导的时间状语从句省略的情况引导的时间状语从句省略的情况举例当我是一个小孩子的时候，我喜欢唱歌。2） 地点状语从句常见的引导词：） 地点状语从句常见的引导词：wh

45、ere举例这种树在潮湿的地方生长得很好。3) 原因状语从句常见的引导词原因状语从句常见的引导词26becauseassincein thatseeing thatconsidering thatnow thatgiven thatforbecause ofdue toowing tothanks tofor the sake ofas a result of练习因为他粗心，他出了一场事故。4）目的状语从句常见的引导词）目的状语从句常见的引导词so thatin order that练习为了看得更远，我们爬得更高。5） 结果状语从句常见的引导词） 结果状语从句常见的引导词sothatsuchth

46、at练习今天很热，我都穿上裙子了。我妈妈很善良，她受到所有员工的尊重。6）让步状语从句常见的引导词）让步状语从句常见的引导词27althoughthougheven thougheven ifaswhilewhile 的特殊用法的特殊用法as 的部分倒装的部分倒装举例虽然我很丑，但是我很温柔。虽然这个图表看起来很简单，它背后的观点是很深刻的国货越来越受国人欢迎了。练习养宠物能够培养孩子的爱心，虽然它们会给家人和邻居造成伤害。7）方式状语从句常见的引导词）方式状语从句常见的引导词asthe wayas if / thoughby/through/by means ofinway/manner举例

47、她看起来就像冰做的一样。8）条件状语从句引导词）条件状语从句引导词suppose thatsupposing that28ifunlessprovided thatas long asso long as举例只要有一丝希望，我也不会放弃。9）比较状语从句引导词）比较状语从句引导词asasthan举例你像我一样漂亮。四 状语和状语从句的考点分析一 写作中的使用四 状语和状语从句的考点分析一 写作中的使用举例我爱你。你可以像猪一样生活，但是你永远不会像猪一样快乐。二 长难句分析二 长难句分析如何识别状语呢？如何识别状语呢？29练习The Greeks assumed that the struct

48、ure of language had some connection with theprocess of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverselanguages could be.Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans andtheir endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and disp

49、assioned manner thatnatural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory itemsoften seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations havebeen hard to find.Traditionally, legal learning has

50、 been viewed in such situations as the special preserve oflawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educatedperson.While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon theirdisposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.五 句子所有成分大总结