[全套]初中英语中考复习资料(超全语法、词组、句型、作文及知识点大全).pdf

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1、第二篇 句法 一、主 要 句 式 (一)知识概要 初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种：主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night.主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed.这样可加双宾语的句子有 buy,tell,give,ask,pass,teach.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补

2、足语，如：I found it impossible to do it.Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy.The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有 There be句型，表示存在某种事 物，如：There is a map on the wall其 be 动词的形式要与其后面相 近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保 持 be 动词，不要换用 have,如：There is going to be a meeti

3、ng tomorrow.在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语 与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点：用 and 连接两个 主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词 形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party.a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用 单数，如：The news is good(news 为不可数名词)。有量词时 应按量词的数量计算；如：This pair of g

4、lasses is good My glasses are broken.有些形单却意为复数的名词，如：People are coming here 这样的词还有 Police，如果要讲一个警察时，应讲 a policeman。两个警察为 two policemen。又如 a policewoman,two policewomen 所有不定代词 each，either，neither，-1-one，the other，nobody，nothing，anyone，anything，someone，something 要作为单数如：Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示

5、联合关系的连词有：and not only but also，neither nor，either or 如:My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。表示转折关系的并列连词有：but 和 yet，如：She is a good student,but she didnt pass the final exam.又如：I think the news is strange,yet it is true 表示选择关系的连 词有：or，either or，如：Hurry up,or you will be late for school 表示

6、因果关系的并列连词有：for，so 如：They studied very hard，so they all passed the exam在初中范围复合 句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种，而定语从句(形 容词性从句)要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在 下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。在及物动词的 后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：I knew the man,而这时也 可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有 that,(that 只在从句中起联接作用，不在 句中充当语法成分，既不是主

7、语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被 省略。如：I am sure(that)she has passed the exam if,whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。从 句中有 or not 结构时，要用 whether,如：I ask him if(whether)he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成 份，如：I dont understand what you said(what 作 said 的宾语

8、)。又如：I asked him what made him sick(what 在宾语从句中作主语)。who，它也和 what 一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句 中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for?whose 如：I want to know whose book this is?which 如：Do you know which book is mine?在连接词中还有 4 个常用的连接副词，how 它的应用最广，如：how much,how many,how long,how soon,how old。如：How much does it cos

9、t?when 它只是连 接时间状语，如：Please tell me when the meeting will begin?where 它连接地点状语，如：Where are you from?why 它要 连接的是原因状语从句，如：The teacher asked why Tom didnt-2-come to school.在考试中常见到的考点是：宾语从句的时态与主 句时态的呼应问题。主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾 语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态，如：I know he didnt come.我知道他没来。I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他 明

10、天来。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的 某一种。比如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完 成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。如：I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun状语从句主要有时间状语从句，其连接词 有：after，before，when，as，as soon as，until(till)，while，since，by其中较难掌握的有

11、以下几点：until(till)直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分 小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：I studied hard until 12 oclock last night.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用 否定句，如：He didnt go to bed until his mother came back 由since，for，by，before 来引导的时间状语从句。since 引 导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如：I have studied English since 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如：I

12、had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而 before 则 多用于完成时，ago 则多用于一般过去时，如：He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它 们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：If it rains,they wont go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去进行时，如：He said if

13、 it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条 件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用 什么时态，如：I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在 宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如：I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow在原因状语从句中主要是 because，应译为因为。它表达的因果关系最强，如：He didnt pass the exam because he

14、 didnt study hard since 应译为既然-3-，如：Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk as 应译为由于，如：As it is too hot wed better go swimming since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如：He studies hard,for he wants to go to college在比较状语从句中有同级比较 as as，如：This book is as good as tha

15、t one 要注意的有两点：as as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。用形容词还是副词，如：Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句为 not as(so)as，如：They didnt work so hard as we did,而不同级比较用比较 级加 than,如：He is younger than I am 要注意的是表示越来越 这一概念时有两个句型：比较级and比较级，如：The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful

16、 定冠词 the 比较级 the 比较级，如：The harder you study,the more you can learn方式状语中要 注意的是 as(连词)与 like(介词)的区别。as 作为连词其后接从句，如：Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如：Please do it as I 而 like 是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如：Please do it like me结果和目的状语从句主要有 so that，so that，in order that 等几种用法。so that用在单数可数名词前，so 形容词 a 名词 that，如：She

17、is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such a 形容词 名词 that,如：She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her 在 不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such，如：It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如：They are such good players that they should win the game.在 much，many，few，little 之前只能用 so，如：I hav

18、e so little money that I cant buy it so that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用 such，如：It is so good that I want to buy so that 其后接从句，如：I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus -4-完形填空与阅读 （一）知识概要 完形填空是一种在语意封闭的情况下考察学生阅读能力及掌握语言 基础知识能力的综合性题目。学生应根据语义完整、语法正确的 原则进行通篇阅读。借助文章的现成文字，通过逻辑思维，联系上 下文，推断出可能的答案。然后再从所给选择答案中逐

19、空选出在通 读全文时脑海中已出现的答案填入空内。试推想在小学五六年级时 去读西游记，水浒传，你也并非每个字都认得，每句话都能真 正理解。但你还是可以明了全文的意思，读得有滋有味。这就是语 言能力。所以完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不认得字、词语 的情况下，能否全面理解文章的正确意思，然后选入适当的词语。在选择后还要前后彼此呼应反复验证所选答案。有时答案一时不易 验证，不要急于顺序填写，可能在填出后面答案时，而得到前面的 答案。有时则需运用所学的词法、句法、时态和固定搭配等知识对 4 个选项进行分析，比较、排除干扰项，确定正确的答案。待答 案全部选定后，一定要复读全文以验证：所选答案是否能使全

20、 文流畅，逻辑推理是否正确。具体实事是否成立，前后关系是 否理顺。语法是否正确，其中包括时态的选择、词汇选择、固 定搭配等。在通读全文时最好在可能的条件下将所选答案填入文章 中，反复阅读。而不要在文章空中只写选项的代号，这样影响全文 的理解，不易找出错误之处。在做完形填空时，应注意以下几点：（1）重视首句，首段的开篇启示作用，读懂了第一句，或第一 段有可能预测到全篇大意。（2）一定要顾及上下文间的语意联系。在完形填空的设计中，一般是以语义为第一要素同时兼顾语法。有的 4 个选项单独填入这 个单句中全是正确的，但拿到文中从下文联系起来看，则文理不通。为此要通篇考虑，顾及上下文的联系是十分重要的。

21、（3）要坚持语意第一的原则，而语法应放于第二位。完形填空 形式上是一种单项选择式的考察。但实质上也是一种阅读能力和学 生重建文意能力的考察。它一般是利用语法的正确性与内容排斥性-5-的矛盾而命题的。所给答案大都是离开上下文均可说得通的。但语 意上辩析、排斥才能找到答案。例如：这里肯定需要一个动词，所给答案也都是动词，但只能从意义上考 虑而选 B 项。（）要认真注意细节，做到语法正确。一些答案在意义上讲都 是正确的，但从线索上看要找出语法正确的答案。如：（1）语意第一原则（2）语法正确，注意细节的原则 在语意正确的前题下，还要根据学过的语法知识，及词语的固定搭 配，选择正确答案。（）根据所给答案

22、的不同词类，从不同角度分别考虑选择 完形填空所给的词往往是不同类的，这就要求对不同词类作不同考 虑。如果所缺的是动词，那么首先在选择语意正确的前提下，考虑 动词的时态、语态和是否是要填入非谓语动词。若是介词或副词则 要考虑是否固定搭配，以及介词、副词在结构和意义上的选择。若 是连词，则应更多地从句子结构和上下文的连接上选择。若是代词，则应考虑性、数、格等方面，以及形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 等。从目前完形填空初中阶段的考察看，除语意第一外，更多地选择了 单词的用法及意义，动词的时态，短语和惯用法等。为此，要做好 完形填空题目，除有较好的阅读能力外，更要有扎实的语言基础知 识及日常生活的逻辑推

23、理能力。阅读理解能力在教学大纲中有明 确的要求。它是目前条件下考查学生英语运用能力的常规题型之一，也是分值最高的题型之一。学生的阅读理解能力如何，标志着学生 继续深入学习的潜力有多大，它是集语法，词汇，逻辑推理背景知 识于一体的综合语言能力的测试。它除对学生的阅读理解的正确性 进行测试外，同时从阅读速度、技巧、文化背景常识等方面对学生 进行测试。从近年各地中考题分析看，阅读类测试除为一般常规 测试题型外，在试题中所占分值较大，为此应引起学生特别注意。如何做好阅读理解题呢?首先要求考生有足够的基础知识和较好 的阅读速度以及技巧方面的训练。同时还要注意以下几个方面的问 题。1 要了解阅读测试的重点

24、 -6-如上所述，阅读过程是一个综合作用的过程，为此阅读的测试就不 能仅将着眼点放在语言结构的测试上，而是通过看，通过阅读获取 信息的能力。在阅读一篇文章时，我们首先会想到：文章说 的是什么事情(即中心思想是什么)。事情发生的时间、地点、人物是什么。作者所持态度如何。结论是什么。有些说 明性信息在文章中容易获取，如：时间、数字、地点、人物等。有 些信息如作者的态度，事件的结论，中心思想，文章的标题，则需 通过文中线索，说明信息等等去分析推断才能获取。而这些说明性 及内隐性的信息正是阅读理解的测试重点内容。而其难点在于理解、推断、得出结论时，应从英语国家的风俗习惯、语言习惯、宗教信 仰、民族问题

25、等方面来考虑，而不是仅从中国人的语言习惯来作推 论。这也是这方面的难点之一。从上文中看，信息的获得不是直接的，而是必须通过整个文章的阅 读，理清人物关系，掌握中心思想，才能作出正确的判定。2 阅读理解的解题思路和方法 阅读理解的测试点是在通过由于阅读所能够获取信息的能力上，所 以解题思路的重点应放在：(1)通读全文，了解文章的主题和大意；了解作者的写作目的、对 事件的态度上。(2)要注重文句间的相互关系。既注重主要情节又不可忽视细节。中考中阅读命题很多情况下是对事件的某个细节而进行测试的。(3)特别注意首尾句在整个文章中的作用，以及它起到的启示和 结论性作用。典型例句 1.one+of+形容词

26、最 高级+名词复数 One of the biggest events in China in 2008 is that the earthquake happened in WenChuan.2.Its our duty to do sth Its our duty to help them.3.As.as possible We shoud help them as much as possible.-7-4.here be.Here are lots of things we can do.5.We shoud keep calm instead of being afraid.6.ma

27、ke+sb+形容 词 hard at school.We should learn all kinds of nowledge to make our motherland stronger,better and richer.健康问题（热点）健康问题是中考常考的话题，出题形 式多样，有必要下苦功掌握。典型例句 1.It is very important to keep healthy。2.How can we keep healthy?3.We cant go to sleep too late.We cant get up too late。4.We should eat the foo

28、d healthily。5.We should do more exercise。6.Last Tuesday I got a cold and had a pain in my head。7.I didnt feel like eating anything。8.I decided to see the doctor。9.In the doctors office,the doctor looks over me carefully。10.He said:Nothing serious.And he told me to take a rest and drink more water。11

29、.A nurse gave me an injection.It was a little painful。12.The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day。13.A few days later,I felt better.From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world。关于环境保护问题（热点）环境保护问题是中考热门话题，出现 频率高，难度较大，必须掌握。-8-典型句子 1.Its our duty

30、 to save wate 2.As we know ,water is very important to man,1.we cant live without water.2.The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less a nd less.3.But some people dont care about it.4.Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.Something must be done to stop the pollution.7.Its our duty t

31、o protect our environment。8.It is very important to take care of our environment 9.We should not throw litter onto the ground 10.We should not spit in a public place/cut down the trees 11.We should plant more flowers and trees。12.We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin 13.If everyon

32、e makes contribution to protecting the environment,the world will become much more beautiful。15.Trees are very helpful and important for us.17.We should plant more and more trees in order to live be tter and more healthy in the future.ts everyone s duty to love and protect the environment.So I hope

33、all the students in our class stop to use the plastic bags,and use our own cloth bags.I hope we can take care of our environment.Let s make our world more and more beautiful.语言学习 （热点）这是中考中的老话题，近几年常考，形式多样。典型例句 1.My favorite subject is English。-9-2.More than three quarters of the information on the In

34、ternet is in English。3.It is used by travelers and business people all over the world。4.China has joined the WTO and the Olympic Games will be held in China.English becomes more and more useful。5.So English is very important and I like English very much。6.We have a lot of fun in the English class。7.

35、Our English teacher often makes us happy in the English class。8.I hope I can go abroad one day,and then I can speak to foreigners in English。9.I like English and try my best to learn it。写人记事篇 这是中考出项频率最高的话题，其特 点是难度相对较小，学生都有 话可写，但掌握一些基本句子和模仿 范文 对夺取高分非常必要。典型例句 1.His name is Jack。2.He was born in London

36、 in 1982。3.He is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 52 kilos。4.He is 20 years old。5.He comes from England。6.He is a good ping-pong player。7.He is medium build。8.He has short hair。9.He is outgoing.Every one likes to talk with him.He gets on well with us。10.He teaches English very well。11.He works very hard.

37、He works in No.5 Middle School。12.He loves watching football games after work。13.He often helps me with my English。14.At the age of six,he began to play table tennis。-10-旅游和介绍地方篇（热点）中考高频率话题，出题形式灵活。典型例句 1.Last Sunday(Saturday,),it was sunny(rainy,windy,foggy,)2.I got up very early(late).After breakfa

38、st I went to with my friends by bike,bus，3.We enjoyed ourselves。4.We forgot the time.We didnt come back until 5 oclock。5.We all felt very tired,but we were happy。6.I thought I would never forget this trip。7.Last summer,my parents and I went to Beijing for our holidays。8.We visited a lot of places of

39、 interest。9.We had a good time there。10.We bought a lot of things.The clothes here are good and cheap。新生事物评价（热点）这是中考热点，这类文章的特点是写 作难度大，因此需要学生掌握 方法，和基本句式，以做到考试时心 中不 乱。典型例句 1.Computer is becoming more and more important 2.we should make good use of it.3.It maybe get in the way of our study.4.We can do

40、lots of things with it 1.It makes our life more easy 1.Nowadays mobile phones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students.初中英语 57 个中考必备句型 1 as soon as -11-2 asas 3 asas possible 4 ask sb.for sth.5 ask/tell sb.(how)to do sth.6 ask/tell sb.(not)to do sth.7 be afraid of doing/th

41、at 8 be busy doing sth.9 be famous/late/ready/sorry for 10 be glad that 11 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell sth.to sb.12 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell sb.sth.13 eitheror 14 enjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/go on doing st h.15 find it+adj to do sth.16 get+比较级 17 get ready for/ge

42、t sth.ready 18 had better(not)do sth.19 help sb.(to)do/help sb.with 20 I dont think that 21 I would like to/Would you like to?-12-22 is one of the+最高级+n(pl.)23 It is+adj.for sb.to do sth.24 It is a good idea to do sth.25 It is the second+最高级+n.26 It looks like/It sounds like 27 It seems to sb.that 2

43、8 It sounds+adj./It looks+adj.29 It takes sb some time.to do sth.30 Its bad/good for 31 Its time for/to do sth.32 Its two meters(years)long(high,old).33 keep sb.doing 34 keep/make sth.+adj.35 like to do/like doing 36 make/let sb.(not)do sth.37 neithernor 38 notat all 39 notuntil 40 Onethe other/Some

44、 others 41 preferto 42 see/hear sb.do(doing)sth.-13-43 sothat 44 spendon/(in)doing sth.45 stop to do/stop doing 46 such a+adj.+n.that 47 take/bring sth with sb.48 thank sb for sth.49 The morethe better 50 There is sth.wrong with 51 tooto 52 used to 53 What about/How about?54 Whats the matter with?55 Whats wrong?56 Why not?57 Will(would,could)you please?-14-