专题08非谓语动词-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点题型技巧》精讲与精练高分突破系列（通用）（解析版）.docx

《专题08非谓语动词-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点题型技巧》精讲与精练高分突破系列（通用）（解析版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题08非谓语动词-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点题型技巧》精讲与精练高分突破系列（通用）（解析版）.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专题08非谓语动词考点题型技巧者向分析复习建议考点导舟亢非谓语动词答题技巧题型分类题型一单项选择题型二语法填空检测训练1内轨湖词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化，语态的不同，而u还 要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词 和过去分词基础知识：现在分词和过去分词句法功能：现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨 析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成：现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和 纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名

2、词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。0复习建议.掌握非谓语动词的基本用法和含义；1 .掌握非谓语动词的时态和语态；.掌握非谓语动词的句法功能；2 .掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语意下的运用。of the country. Today, many women hold important positions or careers. But many women are not7.(satisfy) with their todays silualion.They claim that they dont get_8(pay) as the same as men for the same jo

3、b. Some top positions9 (hold) by men in (he past arestill in mens hands.In many ways, womens life is still dominated by her husband or father. So there is still a long way for them 10.(go).1 .【答案】developed【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：美国是一个发达国家。Developing发展中的， developed发达的。根据常识，美国是一个发达国家，故填developed.2 .【答案】to

4、 attend【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：美国刚成立时只允许男子到学校上学。固定 短语 be permitted to do sth 允许做某事，故填 to attend.3 .【答案】working【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：妇女在外面工作并不常见。句子有谓语动词 were not common,这里需要非谓语动词;women和work outside是逻辑主谓关系,所以 用现在分词作定语。故填working.4【答案】passing【解析】此题考查非谓语动词和with的更合结构。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，为妇 女建立的大学或学院有所增加。本题后面是一个with的复

5、合结构，宾语是time,其与pass 之间是主谓关系，所以空处需用现在分词passing作宾补。故填passing.5 .【答案】founded【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：同上。句子有谓语动词have increased,这 里需要非谓语动词；colleges or universities和found for women是逻辑动宾关系，所以用过 去分词作定语。故填founded.6 .【答案】to vote【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在本世纪初，妇女终了可以投票选举。固定 短语be allowed to do sth允许做某事,故填to vote.7 .【答案】sat

6、isfied【解析】此题考查形容词词的用法。句意：但是许多妇女对她们今天的处境并不满意。固 定短语be satisfied对。满意，satisfied是由过去分词转化成的形容词。故填satisfied.【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：他们声称，在同一份工作中，他们得到的报 酬与男人不一样。短语get paid表示“得到报酬，挣钱”。故填paid.9.【答案】held【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：些在过去由男性担任的高层职位现在仍然 掌握在男性手中。句子有谓语动词have increased,这里需要非谓语动词；Some top positions和hold是逻辑动宾关系，所以

7、用过去分词作定语。故填held.10【答案】to go【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：所以他们还有很长的路要走。短语a long way to go有很长一段路要走。故填to go.(三)There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one _1(love) her.One day, _2(feel) very sad and lonely, she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly3(cat

8、ch) in a bush. The young girl carefully releasedthe buttcrfly.Instcad of 4(fly) away , the little butterfly changed into a beautifulfairy.“In return fbr your wonderful kindness, the good ftiiry said to the girl, “I will give you any wish that you would like 5( get).“ The little girl thought fbr a mo

9、ment and then replied,T want to be happy.Leaning toward her. the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.With the little girl _6(grow) up, there was no one in the land happier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves 7(tell) the secret of happiness by her.Shewould only smile and answe

10、r, “The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl.When she was dying, the neighbors all gathered around her,8 (fear) that herunbelievable secret of happiness would die with her.So they begged her 9(ell) themwhat the good fairy said.Thc lovely old woman simply

11、 smiled,10(say), “She told me that everyone, no matter how old or young, how rich or poor, had need of me.”1.【答案】lo love【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：有一个很棒的故事，关于一个年轻的女孩，她 没有家人，也没有人爱她。动词不定式作定语，放在先行词no one后，此时先行词no one与 不定式to love逻辑上是主谓关系。故填t。love.【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：有一天，由于感觉很伤心很孤独，她穿过一片 草原。在此句中was walking是谓语，f

12、eel very sad and lonely就是非谓语部分，she和feel 是逻辑上的主谓关系，应该用现在分词。故填feeling.3 .【答案】caught【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：她在穿过一片草地的时候，她注意到一只小蝴 蝶被困在在灌木丛中。固定短语notice sih done , a bulterfly与caich在逻辑上是动宾关系， 用过去分词作宾补。故填caught.4 .【答案】flying【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：小蝴蝶不是飞走了，而是变成了一个美丽的仙 女。介词后面用动名词形式。故填flying.5 .【答案】to get【解析】此题考查非谓语

13、动词的用法。句意：我会给你任何你想得到的愿望。固定搭配would like (o do sth想要做某事。故填to get.6 .【答案】growing【解析】此题考查非谓语动词和with短语的复合结构。句意：随着小女孩长大，这片土地 上没有人比她更快乐。本题后面是一个with的复合结构，宾语是the little girl,其与grow之 间是主谓关系，所以空处需用现在分词growing作宾补。故填growing.7 .【答案】told【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：每个人都想让她告诉自己幸福的秘密。空格 处在句子中做宾语补足语，期1和themselves是被动关系，用过去分词表示被

14、动，故填told. 8.【答案】fearing【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：当她快死的时候，邻居们都围在她身边，害怕 她难以置信的幸福秘密会和她一起死去。主语neighbors与fear是逻辑的主谓关系，用现在 分词形式作状语。故填fearing.9 .【答案】to tell【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：所以他们求她告诉他们好仙女说了什么。固 定搭配短语beg sb to do sth乞求某人做某事。故填to tell.10【答案】saying【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：这位可爱的老妇人只是笑了笑，同时说，“她 告诉我，每个人，无论多大或多小，多么富有或贫穷，都

15、需要我。”现在分词表示和谓语同 时发生的动作，作伴随状语。故填saying.H、单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请标出并改正。1. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was drearning.2.1 showed (hem I was independent by wear strange clothes.3. Absorbing in painting, John didn t notice evening approaching.4. Having working for two days, St

16、eve managed to finish his report on schedule.5. Then another teacher read n few letters to students writing by parents.6. There was a short, fat gentleman followed her.7. Have classes in such a beautiful environment, wc feel very happy,Because wc had not eaten icc cream for a long time, wc got very

17、exciting.8. please contact me if you have any difficulty find the book.10.1 might have to retire again just get some more of these biscuits.1. ell-feel句意:教室所处的位置及我所看到的风景使我感觉像在做梦，此处考查make sb do sth.使役动词make后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。2. wearwearing句意:我通过穿奇装异服向他们展示我的独立。此处考查动名词作介词的宾 语，by doing sth为固定表达，表示“通过某种方式”

18、Absorbing -Absorbed句意：沉迷于绘画中，约翰没有注意时间已到了傍晚。考查非谓语 动词。此处的 Absorbed inpainting 相当于原因状语从句 Because he was absorbed inpainting 的 省略。3. working-worked句意：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。考查非谓语动词。 动词work与句子主语Sieve之间为主谓关系,n故要用现在分词,n同时work的动作发生在谓 语动词managed to finish之前,故要用完成时形式。4. writing-written句意：然后另一位老师给学生们读了一些家长写的信。这里考

19、查的是非谓 语动词作后置定语修饰前面的名词，修饰的名词letters, students表对象，letter与write之间 是动宾关系,故用过去分词written.5. followed -* fol lowing句意:一个矮胖的男上跟在她后面。这里gentleman与follow是主谓关 系，故用 following.6. Have-Having句意:在如此美丽的环境中上课，我们觉得很高兴。此处考查动名词作主语。7. exciting f excited句意:因为我们很长时间没吃冰淇淋了,我们感到非常兴奋。exciting令 人兴奋的;excited感到兴奋的。8. find-findin

20、g.句意：如果你找书有任何困难请联系我。Have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事 有困难,故将find改为finding.。1(). just后加to句意：为了得到更多的饼干，我可能要再退休一次。此处考查不定式作目的状 语。魏考,点导航非谓语动词的形式和意义非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done不定式的动作与句中谓 语动词的动作同时发生 或在其后发生进行式to be doing不定式的动作与句中谓 语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done不定式的动作发生在句 中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动

21、 名词一般式doingbeing done其表示的动作与句中谓 语动词的动作同时发 生，或基本上同时发生完成式having donehaving been done其表示的动作先于句中 谓语动词的动作发生过去分词done与句中主语为逻辑上的 被动关系，表完成考点01非谓语动词作状语.不定式作状语作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与0nly连用。作原因状语形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, sorry, proud, disappointed, surprised, ready, deli

22、ghted, clever, foolish, pleased 等。在“主语+系动词+表语（形容词）+tod。结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结 构中常用的形容词有：easy, difficult, important, interesting, pleasant, comfortable, dangerous 等。考点02非谓语动词作宾语1.下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care

23、, pretend; offer,promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。此外,afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。考点03非谓语动词作宾补1 .感官动词（词组）see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to feel 的宾语补足 语有四种形式，以see为例：doing看见1E做宾语与宾补为逻sec+ do看见做f ）辑上的主动关系宾语+ being done看见正在被做宾语与宾补为逻done看见被做 ）辑上的被动关系2 .使

24、役动词make, let, have, get后加复合宾语的情况do让做宾语与宾补为逻辑卜.的主动关系（1 ）make+ 宾语 + done让被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上.的被动关系fdo让做(2)lel +宾语+宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 be done让被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上.的被动关系(3)have+宾语+（宾语与宾补为逻 辑上的主动关系）do slh使做某事 doing sth使持续做done使被做（宾语与宾补为逻辑卜的done使被做（宾语与宾补为逻辑卜的,某事被动关系）to do使做|宾语与宾补为逻（1 ）get+ doing便开始做，辑I：的主动关系宾语+ onc使被做宾语与宾补为逻辑

25、上的、被动关系考点04非谓语动词作定语.现在分词（短语）作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主 动和进行。1 .过去分词（短语）作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完 成。2 .不定式作定语表示未做的事情。考点05非谓语动词作主语和表语.不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次 的、经常的行为：不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。1 .动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作， 或表示将来的动作。2 .下列句型中常用动名词作主语：It is/was+no use/go

26、odnot any use/good of little use/good worth-+doing sth考点06独立主格结构一、独立主格结构的形式独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由 形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。 1.名词/代词+形容词3 .名词/代词+现在分词.名词/代词+过去分词4 .名词/代词（主格）+不定式.名词/代词+介词短语5 .名词/代词+副词.名词/代词+名词6 with复合结构它的构成是：with+宾语+宾语补足语 宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、 不定式、形容词

27、、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。在with复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动 语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表 示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。二、独立主格结构的用法它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。1. 作时间状语.作条件状语2 .作原因状语.作伴随状语3 .表补充说明注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原 因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。【答

28、题技巧】【题型分析】【题型一单项选择】1 .the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoyB. EnjoyingC. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy【答案】A【解析】考杳非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很 多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。2.1 was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train.A. catching

29、B. caughtC. to catchD. to be caught【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语I与catch是主动关系，且catch动作未发生，因此需用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义，作train的定语。句意：整个会议期间，我一直在看表，因 为我要赶一班火车。3.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,the expected number of 12.000 held by market analysts.A. having exceededB. to exceedC. exceededD. exceeding【

30、答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,50()个新的工作，超过市场分析 师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果， 故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。4.Thc hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,more patients to be treated.A. being allowedB. allowingC. having allowedD. allowed【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。“医院引进新的医疗设备”和“更多的病人得到治疗之间是主动的 关系，因此

31、用v.-ing形式。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。句意：医院最近引 进了新的医疗设备，从而使更多的病人得到治疗。5.1 need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. take【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非 谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾 语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。【题型二语法填空】1. You dont have to

32、 run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit.【答案】to see【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定 式作目的状语，故填to see。2.But some students didnt want63 (wear) the uniform.答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want t。do sth想要做 某事，这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。3.Scientists have responded by67 (note) that hungry b

33、ears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,.【答案】noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。4.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.【答案】dying【解析】你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处。f是介词， 其后用动名词。故填dying。5.Once his message was delivered,

34、he allowed me 70 (stay)and watch.【答案】【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处allow sb to do允许某人做某事，动词不定式作宾补，应该 用 to stay。6 .Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement award, proud Irene declared (declare) she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处川t。do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“ 的计划”,故填

35、to retire。7 .When we got a call 68 (say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后 置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填sayings【题型三短文改错】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.【答案】All the foo

36、tball players on the playground cheered loudly,saysaythat I had a talentsayingfor football.【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场.上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。 句中谓语动词为cheered, say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改 为 saying,Q检测训练I、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(一)Last October; while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena

37、Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer; and she noticed a 2 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running fro

38、m the house. She thought I had hurt 4 (I), says Pahlsson.Sixteen years 5 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later; it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters then ten, eight, and sixhad picked it up, but the girls s

39、aid they hadnt. Pahlsson and her husband 7 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. I gave up hope of finding my ring again, she says. She never replaced it.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread ove

40、r the garden, 9 it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长)through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10 wonder.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 Lena Pahlsson在花园里拔胡萝卜时，找到 了丢失已久的结婚戒指的故事。1. carrots【解析】考查名词。根据a handful of 可知要用carrot的复数形式,故填carrots。2. shiny/shining【解析】考查形容词。a为冠词,object为名词，横线处应填

41、写形容词。故填shiny或shining。3. so【解析】考查固定结构。根据空后的loudly that her daughter came running from the house 可知这里为so.that结构，意为如此以至于，故填soo4. myself【解析】考查代词。主语为I,横线处为宾语，根据语境可知这里指她以为“我弄伤了自己。故填myself。5. earlier【解析】考查形容词。这里指早在十六年前，故填earlier。6. to cook【解析】考查动词不定式。一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。故填 to cook。7. searched【解析】考查

42、动词时态。根据but turned up nothing 可知这里是叙述过去发生的事情,要 用一般过去时，故填searchedoswept【解析】考查动词。ring与sweep之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。故填swept。8. where【解析】考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，定语从句中缺少地点状语, 先行词为the garden,表示地点，故填关系副词where.9. a【解析】考查冠词。wonder是可数名词的单数形式，且此处表示泛指，因此其前应加不定冠词a0故填a。(-)America is a 1.(develop) country. It has a history

43、 of more than 200 years. When it was founded, only men were permitted _2(attend) school. Women could not get a higher education or hold public office.The womens place was considered to be at home.Women _3(work)outside were not coinmon.Thcy usually had poor jobs and little respect to them. However, with time _4(pass) by, colleges or universities 5.(found) for women have increased. In the early part of the century, women were finally allowed 6.(vote). During and since World War II, women have been regarded as a necessary part