高考英语一轮复习 语法突破定语从句和名词性从句优秀课件.ppt

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1、高考英语一轮复习高考英语一轮复习 语法突破语法突破定语从句定语从句和名词性从句课件和名词性从句课件第1页，本讲稿共42页 语法突破第九讲定语从句和名词性从句大一轮复习大一轮复习英语英语 精题在线 技巧点拨 考点归纳第2页，本讲稿共42页精题在线1(2013高考北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.句意：很多国家现在都在建立国家公园，在那里动植物能够受到保护。先行词为national parks，代入定语从句后为：In the national park

2、s animals and plants can be protected.故使用表示地点的关系副词where或in which引导定语从句。where/in which 答案答案 第3页，本讲稿共42页精题在线2(2013高考天津卷)We have launched another manmade satellite,_ is announced in todays newspaper.句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事是在今天的报纸上宣布的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用which/as引导。which/as 答案答案 第4页，本讲稿共4

3、2页精题在线3(2014高考山东卷)A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.句意：从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。本题考查定语从句。先行词为company，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The companys profits from home markets are declining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。whose 答案答案 第5页，本讲稿共42页精题在线4(2014高考重庆卷)Well reach the sales

4、 targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.句意：一个月以后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。在本句中，先行词是the sales targets，关系代词在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以填关系代词which/that。设空处也可以不填，因为关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。which/that 答案答案 第6页，本讲稿共42页精题在线5(2014高考江苏卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work _ a go

5、od impression is a must.句意：这本书对我的日常交流很有帮助，尤其是在那些必须给人留下良好印象的工作中。根据句意填关系副词where。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。where 答案答案 第7页，本讲稿共42页(一)在定语从句中，需注意以下几个方面1关系代词有who，whom，which，that，whose；2关系副词有when，where，why(仅限先行词为reason)等。技巧点拨第8页，本讲稿共42页注意：先行词是occasion时，常用when；先行词是point，stage，situation，case，position时，常用where。先行词

6、the way后，可用that，in which引导，但通常省略不用。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词which”代替，why可用for which代替。技巧点拨第9页，本讲稿共42页以下情况只能用that引导定语从句：A先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，much，little，few，none，the one，或先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，few，none修饰时。B先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，或先行词被序数词修饰时。C先

7、行词被形容词最高级修饰时。D先行词同时含有人和物时。E定语从句为there be句型时，或主句有疑问词who，which，what时。技巧点拨第10页，本讲稿共42页以下情况不能用that引导定语从句：A“介词关系代词”结构中。B引导非限制性定语从句时。技巧点拨第11页，本讲稿共42页(二)名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。不论哪类从句，其引导词均为以下四类：1连词that，无任何词义，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，引导宾语从句时可省略。2连词whether(是否)在从句中不充当任何句子成分，引导宾语从句时也可用if。技巧点拨第12页，本讲稿共42页3连接代词有what，wh

8、ich，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever等。它们有各自的含义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语等，不省略。4连接副词有how，when，where，however，whenever，wherever。它们有各自的含义，起连接作用，在从句中充当状语，不省略。技巧点拨第13页，本讲稿共42页注意：主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词通常用单数；为使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时可用if或whether，但在介词后或在discuss后或直接与or not连用时，只能用whether引导。同位语从句

9、一般放在fact，news，idea，promise，suggestion，advice等抽象名词之后，说明或解释这些抽象名词的具体内容，多用that引导，不能由which引导。技巧点拨第14页，本讲稿共42页一、定语从句.关系词的用法1whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.2who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。Ellen was a painter of birds and of natur

10、e，who，for some reason，had withdrawn from all human society.考点归纳第15页，本讲稿共42页3which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family.I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.考点归纳第16页，本讲稿共42页4关系副词

11、when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour.The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.考点归纳第17页，本讲稿共42页【名师点津】先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。Reme

12、mber that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.Shes in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her.考点归纳第18页，本讲稿共42页5the way后面定语从句的关系词在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略关系词；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which

13、。The way(that/which)I thought of to solve this problem proves to be practical.(先行词作宾语)I dont like the way(that/in which)you solve the problem.(先行词作方式状语)考点归纳第19页，本讲稿共42页.“介词关系代词”结构引导的定语从句1在“介词关系代词”结构中，介词的宾语只能是which或whom且不可省略。In the dark street,there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for he

14、lp.He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree.2“介词which/whom不定式”结构。The poor man has no house in which to live.3“ofwhich/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)In our class there are 46 students，of whom half wear glasses.考点归纳第20页，本讲稿共42页.as，which引导的定语从句1as引导的定语从句用在the same.as，such.as，as.as，s

15、o.as结构中，as可以作主语、宾语或表语，可以用来代替先行词。They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)He is not the same man as he was.(as作表语)考点归纳第21页，本讲稿共42页【名师点津】(1)such.as.(定语从句)像那样such.that.(状语从句)如此以至于This is such an

16、easy question as I can answer.(定语从句)This is such an easy question that I can answer it.(状语从句)考点归纳第22页，本讲稿共42页(2)the same.as.表示相似的东西the same.that.表示同一人或物This is the same knife as I lost.This is the same knife that I lost.考点归纳第23页，本讲稿共42页2关系代词as，which的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引

17、导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。It is the third time that she has won the race，which has surprised us all.考点归纳第24页，本讲稿共42页(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句)Wha

18、t is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句)考点归纳第25页，本讲稿共42页(3)as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses,as has happened in Libya.Tom has made rapid progress,which make

19、s me very happy.考点归纳第26页，本讲稿共42页考点归纳点击图片免费观看视频微课点击图片免费观看视频微课.第27页，本讲稿共42页.分隔式定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面，但有时候也会被插入语、同位语、状语、谓语或其他定语等成分分隔。如果是隔开了的定语从句，则要先根据句意找到先行词，然后再进行句子结构分析。Because of the financial crisis，days are gone when local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.考点归纳第28页，本讲稿共42页二、名词性从句.名词性从句的连接

20、词1连接代词：who，whose，whom，what，which有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。It has not been decided yet when we will leave.We are worrying about what we should do next.2连接副词：when，where，why，how有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.Scientists study how human brains work to make comput

21、ers.考点归纳第29页，本讲稿共42页3连接词：whether，if，as if虽有词义，但在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；that无词义，在从句中也不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，有时可省略。My suggestion is that we(should)have a discussion about this matter.The question whether we need more time to do the work hasnt been discussed.考点归纳第30页，本讲稿共42页.that与what引导的名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句时，that没有词义，在从

22、句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“的”，在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。What was most important to her，she told me，was her family.(主语从句；what作主语)Before the sales start，I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.(宾语从句；what作宾语)考点归纳第31页，本讲稿共42页As a new graduate，he doesnt know what

23、it takes to start a business here.(宾语从句；what作宾语)China is no longer what she used to be.(表语从句；what作表语)It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(主语从句)One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaur

24、ants.(表语从句)考点归纳第32页，本讲稿共42页【名师点津】(1)that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，常见句型有：itbe形容词(如：obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，evident，clear，apparent等)that从句。Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?itbe名词(如：no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pi

25、ty，no surprise等)that从句。Its a great pity that its probably the last time this will happen.考点归纳第33页，本讲稿共42页itbe过去分词(如：said，reported，thought，estimated，expected，decided，announced，arranged，recognized等)that从句。It is known to all that physical exercises can improve our physical and mental health.类似句型还有：It c

26、annot be denied that./It must be admitted that.考点归纳第34页，本讲稿共42页it动词(如：seem，appear，happen，occur to sb.，doesnt matter，make no difference等)that从句。It doesnt matter whether you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the offic

27、e.考点归纳第35页，本讲稿共42页(2)that 引导主语从句，置于句首时，that不能省略。That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.(3)that引导宾语从句，常可省略。可接that从句作宾语的动词有：see，say，know，imagine，discover，believe，tell，show，think，consider，be sure，be afraid等。可以接复合宾语的动词有：think，make，consider，find，feel，suppose等，在他们之后，可以用it作形式宾语，而把

28、真正的宾语that从句后置。此时that不可省略。Do you know(that)he has joined the army?We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.考点归纳第36页，本讲稿共42页(4)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，除第一个从句的that外，都不可省略。He told me(that)the power would be cut off and that I should get ready.(5)引导表语从句：that 引导表语从句，不可省略。My decision i

29、s that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow.考点归纳第37页，本讲稿共42页.连接词whether/if的区别两者都可引导宾语从句，常可互换使用。但以下情况不能互换：1宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。I wonder if it doesnt rain.2用if会引起误解，就要用whether。Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if，可作条件状语从句，因而产生歧义。)3宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用，就不能换成if。I d

30、ont know whether or not the report is true.考点归纳第38页，本讲稿共42页4介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用，也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句。Whether you can make progress in your study depends on whether you try your best.I dont know whether to laugh or to cry.Whether you like that gift he gave you,you should expr

31、ess your gratitude.考点归纳第39页，本讲稿共42页5在句首引导主语从句时只能用whether。doubt用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句用whether或if引导；doubt用于否定句或疑问句时，其后的从句用that引导。Whether they will agree with the plan is not clear.I doubt whether/if you have told me the truth.I dont doubt that you are the right person for the job.考点归纳第40页，本讲稿共42页.whoever，what

32、ever，whichever，wherever，whenever，however的用法它们的作用等同于who，what，which，where，when，how，但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时，不能用no matterwho/what.代替。1引导主语从句。Whoever did this job must be rewarded.2引导宾语从句，充当直接宾语。Ill give you however much money you need.考点归纳第41页，本讲稿共42页3引导宾语从句，充当间接宾语。She will give whoever needs help a hand.4引导介词的宾语从句。You can write about whatever topic you prefer.5引导宾语从句，充当宾语补足语。Well make him whatever he is fit for.考点归纳第42页，本讲稿共42页