高三英语复习与训练十七、十八、十九、二十一——名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句 、连词.docx

《高三英语复习与训练十七、十八、十九、二十一——名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句 、连词.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高三英语复习与训练十七、十八、十九、二十一——名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句 、连词.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高三英语复习与训练十七、十八、十九、二十名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、连词17.名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能 担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从 句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which连接副词：when, where, how, w

2、hy不可省略的连词：1 .介词后的连词.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。例如：That she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上 了，我们很高兴。We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。比较:whether与if均为是否的意思。但在下列情况下,whether不能被if取 代：1 . whether引导主语从句并在句首.引导表语从句2 . whether从句作介词宾语.从句后有or not大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。例如：It is not import

3、ant who will go. i隹去，这不重要。It is still unknown which team will win the match.到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。17.2 名词性that-从句1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用， 在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性由at-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、 表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。宾语：John said that he was leaving for Londo

4、n on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦 敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2） That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。

5、例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的【hai-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. It + be +形容词+ Ihal-从句It is necessary that.有必要It is important that.重要的是It is obvious that.很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词 + thai-从句It is believed t

6、hat.人们相信It is known to all that.从所周知It has been decided that. 已决定应改为singo第三句：and连接感观动词saw后面的川作的宾补的两个并列分词结构， 因此 whisper 应改为 whisperingo注意：and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or也有此用法)例如： Make up your mind, and youll get the chance.拿定主意，这次你会有机会的。 =If you make up your mind, youll get the chance.One more effort, and

7、youll succeed.再努力一下，你会成功的。=If you make one more effort, youll succeed.2) both.and 两者都。例如：She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.她弹钢琴，也弹吉他。3) not only.but (also) , as well as 不但而且。例如:She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.她不但弹钢琴，也弹吉他。注意：not onlybut also关联两个分句时，个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。 例如Not

8、only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.彳也不但喜欢 读小说，甚至还会写。4) neithe.nor意思为既不也不”谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持 一致。例如：Neither you nor he is to blame.你和他都不该受指责。20.2 比较and和or1）并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2）但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：There is no air or water in the moon.There is no air and no wa

9、ter on the moon.在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因 此要用ando 典型例题I dont like chickenfish.-I dont like chicken,I like fish very much.A. and； and B. and： but C. or； but D. or； and答案C。否定句中表并列用or, bul表转折。判断改错：（错）We will die without air and water.（错）We cant live without air or waler.（对）We will die witho

10、ut air or water.（对） We cant live without air and water.20.3 表示选择的并列结构1) or意思为“否则”。例如：I must work hard, or Ill fail in the exam.我要努力学习，否则考试要不及格了。2) either.or意思为或者或者注意谓语动词的主谓一致采用就近原则。例 如：Either you or I am right.不是你对，就是我对。20.4 表示转折或对比1) bul表示转折，while表示对比。例如：Some people love cats, while others hate ihe

11、m.有些人喜欢猫，而有些人不喜欢。 典型例题一 Would you like to come to dinner tonight?Id like to,Im too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and,结果的so,原因的as都 不符合句意。2) not.but.意思为不是而是”,后面的用词要遵循一致原则。They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.这些不是动物 的骨头，而是人的。20.5 表原因关系1)for是并列连

12、词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中 间。判断改错：(错)For he is ill, he is absent today.(对)He is absent today, for he is ill.2) so为连词,therefore一般为副词。例如：He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game.他的腿受伤 了，不能上场。I think; therefore I exist.我思故我在。20.6 比较 so 和 suchsuch是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示 数量的形容

13、词many, few, much, lillle连用，形成固定搭配。so + adj.so + adj. + a (n) + n.so + adj. + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n.(不可数)so foolishso nice a flowerso many/ few flowersso much/ little money.so many peopleso many已成固定搭配,such + a (n) + n.such + n. (pl.)such +n. (pl.)such +n.(不可数)such a foolsuch a nice flowersuch nice fl

14、owerssuch rapid progresssuch a lot of peoplea lot of虽相当于many,但a lot of为名词性的，只能用such搭配。so.that与suchthat之间的转换即为so与such之间的转换。20.7 连词和从句练习Id get it for you I could remember who last borrowed the book.a. on condition that b. now that c. except thatd. considering thatThe robber told him (hat he had better

15、 keep silent he wanted to get into troublea. if b. unless c. otherwise d. whetherStrange his behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it.a. although b. even if c. that d. asWe are worried about our son because no one is aware he has gone.a. the place b. of where c. about the place d. whereTh

16、e professor spoke in a loud voice every one of us could hear him.a. such that b. so c. so that d. suchWhen he just got off the plane, he gave us a good description of in Spain.a. what he had seen b. that he had seen c. which he had seen d. he had seen whatIt is fitted with a small transformer, by me

17、ans of the voltage of the currency can beadjusted.a. whom b. which c. what d. (ha(I dont know why shes looking at me she knew me. Tve never seen her before in mylife.a. as b. although c. even if d. as ifNo sooner had he finished his speech stormy applause broke out.a. when b. then c. than d. asIt is

18、 hard to avoid mistakes.you correct them conscientiously, it will be all right.a. In the case b. As long as c. Although d. DespiteGeometry,I know nothing, seems a very dull subject.a. that b. about that c. which d. about whichThe highest temperature in any furnace on earth is about 10,000 centigrade

19、.a. we can get b. that wc can get it c. which wc can get it d. what wc can getWe sent the horses to a considerable distance,they should disturb the children, a. less b. lest c. last d. least1. Sound is conducted through steel in the same manner.a. as in air b. as through air c. as air does d. like a

20、ir.he was putting on his uniform, the officer found that one of the sleeves was torn.a. Since b. Unless c. As d. Before. The police finally caught up with the man was the escaped prisoner.a. who they thought b. whom they thoughtc. they thought him d. that they thought him.knows the name of this song

21、 will receive a prize from the radio station.a. Whoever b. Those c. Whichever people d. Any people.do you believe is not about to support our plan?a. Whom b. Who c. Whomever d. WhichHe didnt know French, made it difficult for him to study at a university in France, a. that b. as c. this d. which19.

22、She is a fine singer,her mother used to be a. like b. (hat c. as d. which, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.a. Lover of towns I am b. As lover of townsc. Lover of towns as am 1 d. Though am I the lover of townsThe rise of Davy was all the more brilliant in he had not had much sch

23、ooling.a. which b. that c. what (.1. the wayShe always takes careful notes in class she may review them from time to time,a. so that b. in order to c. because of d. rather thanThe reason he was late is his clock didnt give the alami.a. because b. due to c. since d. thathe was in error will scarcely

24、be disputed by his warmest friends.a. What b. That c. Which d. Thoughshall do the exercises I have been (aught.a. such b. as c. what d. for27.is worth doing at all is worth doing well.a. That b. Whatever c. Whichever d. HoweverShe was so stubborn that she never listens to the advice.a. that I give i

25、t to herb. which I give to herc. what I give to herd. I give it to herI was supposed to be a mathematics major, but I actually took courses in physics, ifnot more.a. so many b. as many c. a good many d. such manyHeat does not travel by convection in a solid, because the solid does not move,.a. so do

26、es a liquid b. so a liquid does c. so is a liquid d. as does a liquidHe explained everything over again anyone should misunderstand her.a. since b. when c. lest d. as ifconvincing an argument is, it needs support of evidence.a. Whatever b. However c. Although d. Even ifEarthworms occur adequate mois

27、ture and food and the necessary soil conditions arefound.a. and b. however c. but d. whereverwe gave him anything to eat, he would save it up for his little brother.a. When b. That c. Whenever d. WhatThe reason I plan to go is if I dont.a. because she will be disappointed b. because she will have a

28、disappointmentc. that she will be disappointed d. for which she will be disappointedThe great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things to teach you theart of learning.a. than b. rather than c. nor d. asIf the design was wrong, the project is bound to fail,good all the other ideas

29、 might be. a. whatever b. however c. whatsoever d. even36. He gave came to the store a pamphlet in which his products were described.a. who b. those c. whom d. whoeverAdvertising is distinguished from other forms of communication the advertiser paysfor the message to be delivered.a. in that b. in or

30、der that c. in which d. thatFox was advised to give the assignment to he believed had a strong sense of responsibility.a. whom h. whomever c. whoever d. thatThe chairman of the union made it clear at the meeting he would not step down formhis position as chairman.a. in which b. where c. because d. t

31、hatMs. Wang reached the post-office, she discovered she had left the letter at home.a. Just as b. Because c. As long as d. When asThe first step in preparing such a program is to draw a flow chart,arc shown opposite.a. two examples of it b. two examples of whichc. whose two example d. which two exam

32、plesthe world began, nations have had difficulty in keeping peace with their neighbors.a. Although b. When c. Until d. Ever sincedifficulties we may come across, we will help one another to get over them.a. Whatever b. Whichever c. However d. WhatHe went to work so late the manager had to send for h

33、im again before he arrived.a. as b. that c. for d. whenyou return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.a. Until b. If c. Unless d. ProvidedThe rose may grow as a low bush or as a tree, depending on.a. what it is trimmed b. how it trimmed c. that is trimmed d. how it is

34、trimmedGroup work is a method of teaching tasks and activities arc carried out by small groups of pupils.a. which b. that c. for which d. in (hatEinsteins theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the time.a. when he first introduced b. that he first introduced itc. he first introducedd. which

35、he first introduced itNow we may be able to say between music and noise or just sound.a. what is the difference b. the difference is whatc. what (he difference is c. (hat what the differenceContrary to I had expected, he lost for a second time.a. that b. what c. which d. whoProfessor Smith was so pu

36、nctual, he always arrived to class just as the bell rang.a. that the day he diedb. until the day he diedc. that until the day he diedd. until the day when he died.he came to England to study, he didnt know how to cook.a. When b. since c. Until d. Unless. Although Mr smith is one of those teachers wh

37、o appear to be friendly,he is very hard to deal with.a. but b. so c. so that d. yet.a baby kangaroo is four months old docs it begin to live outside its mothers pouch.a. Until b. Not until c. After d. Only until.The earliest kind of desk was a box that had a sloping lid there was storage space forwr

38、iting materials.a. under that b. under which c. which d. thatwont lend any money to Joe because I am afraid he will forget to pay it back.a. if b. whether c. that d. of. human beings depend to a great extent on forests, every effort must be made to preserve trees and wildlife.a. If b. Unless c. Unti

39、l d. Since.he was caught cheating on the exam, Oliver had been considered to be an honest boy.a. When b. After c. Although d. Before. Not long after Galileos time, Newton invented another kind of telescope mirrors instead of lenses.a. which used b. in which he used c. that he used d. in that he used

40、.him as a writer I dont like him as a man.a. Much I admire b. Much as I admire c. As much I admire d. As I admire muchpunish the child he should make the same mistake again.a. as be because c. lest d. unlessHardly had the speaker begun to talk were laughs.a. when there b. than there c. than d. thatA

41、 joint is permits the forward and backward movement of a door.a. that b. whose c. those d. whatam pleased with what you have told me and you have given me.a. all wha( b. all that c. which d. all whateverhas recently been done to improve the conditions of elementary schools a great number of children

42、 are unable to go to school.a. That b. What c. In spite of what d. Though whatNuclear weapon is considered the most terrible weapon of war man has invented.a. which b. that c. as d. sincehe performed the task with success.a. It was expected b. Which was expectedc. As was expected d. That was expecte

43、dThe size of the audience.I had expected, was well over ten thousand.a. which b. that c. as d. whomNot everybody could be expected to know all the answers,some questions called for educated guesses rather than general knowledge.a. as b. so c. such d. onceyou try, youll never lose your English accent

44、.a. No matter what b. How hard c. No matter how hard d. Whatever hardthe bridge were packed with cars and buses, it could still carry twice the load.a. Despite b. Provided c. Unless d. Even ifThe airplane crashed and over a hundred passengers were killed,.a. and (hat shocked the worldb. and which sh

45、ocked the worldc. this fact shocked the worldd. which shocked the worldThe time will surely come ordinary people could operate computers as well.a. while b. when c. as d. on whichThis machine is new., it is in excellent condition.a. Furthermore b. However c. Otherwise d. butThis room had but a singl

46、e window,were kept closed when it was not in use.a. which its shutters h. its shutters of whichc. the shutters of which d. which shuttersThe old man is no coward;he is a man of high spirits.a. rather than b. on the contrary c. on the other hand d. at the same timeSatellite photographs can provide in

47、formation on rain are falling.a. which where and how muchb. where and howc. where and howd. where and how muchSkiing is a sport goes back 4,000 years.a. and its b. whose history c. its history d. and whichThey will be praised or blamed their work is good or bad.a. according as b. as for c. in as muc

48、h as d. as regardsThe story of his upbringing is shocking.a. to all that read it b. to all who reads it c. to all which read it d. to all who read itYou should get the license in two weeks;, youJl have to pay a fine.a. yet b. still c. or d. consequentlyhad hardly reached (he airport he started for his destination.a. then b. when c. the moment d. thanHe had a large collection of books.are written in foreig