2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题（解析版）.docx

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1、2023年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语选择题部分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题纸上。第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the speakers do next?A. Visit a friend.B. Pick up Billy.C. Buy some

2、 beans.【答案】C【解析】【原文】 M: Billy needs some beans fbr his science project at school. Maybe we can stop by a store on our way home.W: Lets go to Greens. Its just around the corner.M: Okay.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Who is Andy Clarks?A. A public librarian.B. A TV actor.C. A famous lawyer.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Hi, S

3、tephen, guess who I saw at the city library? Andy Clarkes the leading actor in The Good Lawyer 一the famous TV series.M: What was he doing there? His popularity has slipped since the final season of the show.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers talking about?A. Gifts fbr Jason.B. A baseball gam

4、e.C. The womans retirement.cA machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israefs former national debating champion.Brillian

5、t though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fiindamcntal problem.

6、As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: Theres never a stage at which the system knows what its talking about.What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least inte

7、lligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, r

8、eading and writing, also work with symbols. But fbr humans, meaning is everything. When wc communicate, wc communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.Meaning emerges through a process of soci

9、al interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machine

10、s. And thats why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confiicius will not end with artificial intelligence.28. Why docs the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?A. To explain the use of a software program.B. To show the cleverness of P

11、roject Debater.C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater.D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.29. What docs the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Arguments.B. Doubts.C. Errors.D. Differences.3(). What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?A. Create

12、 rules.B. Comprehend meaning.C. Talk fluently.31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?D. Identify difficult words.A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.D. Artificial inte

13、lligence ensures humans a bright future.【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israels former natio

14、nal debating champion.（上周， 在I日 金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全 国辩论冠军Noa Ovadiao ）”可知，作者在第段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。 故选B.【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的 aBrilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt a

15、rguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.（尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一峭弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取 句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。）”和“willnodoublbeironedoul（亳无疑问 会被解决）”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错 误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的What Hamm

16、ond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not spe

17、cify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.（Hammond 所指的是意义的问 题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串 符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是 无关紧要的。）”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater不能理解意义，故选31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Meaning emerges through a process of social in

18、teraction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The niles that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.（意义的产生是通过社 会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存

19、在于 我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。）”可知，从最后一段我们 能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。DAccording to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed（安装）has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot o

20、f space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they havent given much thought to what they put under them. Often, theyll end up filling th

21、e area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.“Solar projects need to be good neighbors/ says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reducti

22、ons on the Environment InSPIRE）prqjcct. They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy. InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact“ solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One

23、 of the easiest low- impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators（传粉昆虫）.Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed

24、 laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines fbr home gardens, businesses, schools, citiesand now there are guidelines fbr solar farms.Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the s

25、pace under their solar panels into a shelter fbr various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. 4tThese pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything thats going on in the landscape,M says Macknick.32. What do solar developers often ignor

26、e?A. The decline in the demand fbr solar energy.B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.D. The most recent advances in solar technology.33. What does InSPIRE aim to do?A. Improve the productivity of local farms.B. Invent new methods fbr cont

27、rolling weeds.C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.34. What is the puipose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?A. To conserve pollinators.B. To restrict solar development.C. To diversify the economy.D. To ensure the supply of energy.35. W

28、hich of the following is the best title fbr the text?A. Pollinators: To Leave or to StayB. Solar Energy: Hope fbr the FutureC. InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD. Solar Farms: A New Development【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场 更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。【32题详解

29、】推理判断题。根据第二段中的 aOften, theyll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in fanning regions, see solar farms as destroyers of thesoil.（通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是 在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。）”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环

30、保的方式处理太阳能板安 装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽 略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。（33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的 u InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to low-impact solar development, which fbcuscs on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.（InSPIRE 正在田f 究”彳氐 影响太阳能开发的实用方

31、法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。）”可知，InSPIRE 采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。【34题详解】细节理解题e 根据第四段中的 “Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.（超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。）”可知，这些法律都是与 保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的 “ Ove

32、r the past few years, many solar fann developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter fbr various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所, 从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更 重要的是太阳

33、能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过 程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分125分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有利项为多余选 项。With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, its

34、comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.36 But no matter when you travel, its a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in

35、 advance.Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him doublc-chcck all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you wont have to walk through several cars on a

36、 moving train three times a day fbr your meals.Bring a blanket. When youre riding on trains, you wont be provided with a blanket fbr free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.Arrive early. Most trains operate just once

37、a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you

38、 do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, youre going 67.92 mph.A. Train trips arent fbr impatient types.B. Youll have views from both sides of

39、the train.C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.D. Thats particularly true during busy summer months.E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.G. He may also book you in a sleeping c

40、ar thats right next to the diner.【答案】36. D 37. G 38. C 39. E 40. A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。【36题详解】根据上文 “Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.（提前计划。大多数长途火车,尤其是卧铺,很快就卖光了。）”以及下文aBut no matter when you travel, its a good i

41、dea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.（但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至 少提前90天预订。）”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙 的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要 提前计划。故选D项。【37题详解】根据上文“ A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.（一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打折的 票。）” 以及下文 “ Then you wont

42、 have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day fbr your meals”这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。）”可知，好的旅行社帮你预 定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离E1G项中“book you in a sleeping car thats right next to the dinerw与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合 语境。故选G项。【38题详解】根据上文 u When youre riding on

43、trains, you wont be provided with a blanket fbr free, even if your trip is an overnight one.（当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。）”以及下文“In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.（特别是在夏天,空调会让他们很冷。）” 可知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题,提醒乘客最好自备毛毯,C项中MThe temperature on rail carsv与前 后文对应，因此推断C

44、项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。【39题详解】根据上文 “ Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.（大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。）”以及 下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.（注意:时刻表上列出的时间 是出发时间，不是到达

45、时间。）”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情HE项中* You might have to wait longerM与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上 超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。40题详解】根据上文 “Have fim.（玩得开心）”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600（thc number of seconds in an hour）by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile（the

46、distance between two mileposts）.”（要计算你的速度，用3600（ 小时的秒数）除以你走英里（两个里程碑之间的距离）所花费的 秒数。）”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时 间，用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I

47、 was on my way to 41 a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives（蜂箱）are placed in the 42. Reachingthem to get the honey is difficult一and often43.I 44 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 45 handfu

48、ls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46 the bunch to create a torch（火把）.Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47. He stopped every few minutes to move the 48 higher up the tree trunk.49 , Ziyad got close to the hive

49、which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, hetowards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharpcry. Within seconds, he5d 5j the tnink and was back on the ground.It was too 52 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 53. Baby bees were stillin the honeycomb