八年级上册英语外研版知识点总结.docx

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1、八年级上册英语外研版知识点总结Module 1 How to learn Englishpair (相关的)两个人,一对,一双，一副a pair of socksa pair of gloves two pairs oft ro u se rs一双袜子一副手套两条裤子e.g.A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game.两个青少年正在看足球赛。1. correct(1) 5改正，纠正e.g.The teacher returned to her room to correct exercise books.老师回到房间去改练习本。Cor

2、rect the spelling.纠正拼写。(2) adj.正确的；恰当的e.g.correct pronunciation 正确发音Do you have the correct time? 你的表走得准吗？2. advice1 1) n.意思是“意见，建议”，为不可数名词，可用some, much, a piece of, pieces of 等修饰，不能说 an advice 或 many/a few adviceso(2)表示“有关的建议”时，用介词on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。e.g.Let s ask for his advice on what to do next

3、.我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办。常见搭配：take/follow one s advice接受某人的建议ask for advice 征求意见accept/refuse one, s advice 接受(拒绝)某人的建议offer advice to sb.向某人提供建议拓展：advise vt.建议 常见搭配：advise sb. to do sth.advise that sb. (should) do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开。We advise measures (should) betaken

4、to stop pollution at once.如果你喜欢京剧、传统音乐和魔术表演，你可以在这家茶馆里欣赏到它们。(1)这个句子是一个由if引导的条件状语从句。if是连词，意思是“如果；假设”。主句是 you can enjoy them at the teahouse, 从句是 you like the Beijing opera, traditional music or magic showso思考：如何使用if条件状语从句呢？在句中做条件状语的从句是条件状语从句，可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。常见的if 条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生。紧跟在if后面的句子是从句。e.g

5、.lf you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮助,他会帮你的。If you fail in the exam, you w川let him down. 如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件 或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。e.g.lf I were you, I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。 学习小窍门：if条件句不一般，几个要点记心间；条件句，放在前，逗号要放句中间。条件句表可能，主

6、句多用将来时；条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。if：当“是否”讲时，引导宾语从句。e.g.l don t know if he will be free tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否有空。注意：if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句使用的是一般将来时，或含有情态动词的句子或 祈使句，从句通常用一般现在时。e.g.lf it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo.如果明天下雨的话，我们将不去动物园。If he comes, let me know.如果他来，让我知道。(从句用一般现在时，主句是祈使句)难点知识讲解：动词不定式(D(1)动词不定式的含

7、义生活中我们常遇到“我努力去理解”、“决定留下来”等表达方式，其中连续出现了 两个动词，这种情况下英语应该如何表达呢？首先请看下面的例句：We decided to stay for a cup of tea.我们决定留下来喝杯茶。I tried to understand the words.我努力理解这些话。I want to go to the teahouse, 我想去茶馆。这三个句子中使用了 decide to do sth., want to do sth., try to do sth.的表达方式，即行 为动词后的动词都采用了 “to+动词原形”的结构。我们把这种结构称为动词不定

8、式。其否 定形式是not to do v o(2)动词不定式作宾语的用法动词不定式置于谓语动词之后，作动词的宾语，说明意图、希望或决定的内容。在英语中，并不是所有两个动词连用时都采用“动词+不定式”的形式，一般说来，用 不定式时，所表示的多为将来的行为。但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆，因为动词 不同，其后动词形式的要求也就不同。常见的后面接“to十动词原形”作宾语的动词有：plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love 等。口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词)想要学习 早打算(want learn plan) 快准备 有希望(prep

9、are hope wish expect) 同意否 供选择 (agree offer choose) 决定了 已容许 (decide determine promise) 尽力去着手做(manage undertake)别拒绝别假装(refuse pretend)失败不是属于你(fail)e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.汤姆拒绝把他的钢笔借给我。We hope to get there before dark.我们希望在天黑之前到达那儿。The girl decided to do it herself. 这个女孩决定自己做。注意：某些及物动词可用-ing

10、也可用动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同的有：/ doing sth记得做过某事She remembered turning off the bghts before she left the room她记得离开房间前关了灯的.remember 1t。do sth记住要做某事Remember to turn off the lights before she left the room、记住离开房间前要关灯.，doing sth忘了做过某事I forget writing to him.我忘了曾羟给他写过信.forgetto do sth忘记要做某事、Dont forget to wnte to h

11、im 别忘了写信给他.doing sth后悔做过某事regret not having accepted your advice 我后悔没听你的劝告.regret t。do sth.抱歉/遗憾地要做某事I regret to say 1 havent given you enough help.我很遗憾地说我没给你充分的帮助.广doing sth试卷做某事They tned talking in English他们试着用英语谈话.try appearance（n.）disappear（v.） 消失Eg： He suddenly disappeared in front of us.3. hit

12、撞击；打Eg： The bus hits the bridge.He hits me on the head.此外，hit还可以作名词，表示“轰动一时的成功”Eg： His song made a hit.4. be glad to do sth 很高兴去做 sthEg： I am glad to see you again.5. in time 及时 on time 准时，按时Eg： I hope you can come back in time.Please hand in your homework on time.6. fall off=fall down from 从摔下来你fal

13、l asleep 入睡 fall into 掉入fall in love with sb 爱上某人fall behind 落在后面7. the risk of 的风险 side by side 肩并肩pay attention to注意（to是一个介词，后接名词或doingEg： We should pay more attention to developing economy.8. sometimes 有时some times 几次；几倍sometime （将来或过去）某个时候some time 一段时间Eg： He sometimes sends me an e-mail.Remembe

14、r it some times, or you will forget it.Lets have a party sometime next week.I will stay with you for some time.9. try to do sth试图去做某事 try ones best to do sth尽某人全力去做某事 have a try试 一试Eg： The little boy tries to go across the road by himself.We should try our best to save the animals in danger.Do you h

15、ave a try?10. pick up捡起，拾起（代词只能放中间，名词放在中间或后面均可）pick sb up （开车）接某人pick sth up学会某事Eg： After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.Mike picked up a few words of Chinese last summer.11. call sb call up=ring up 打 给 sb call on 拜访 sb我们建议立即采取措施以阻止污染。4. We should always speak English in c

16、lass.我们应该总是在课堂上说英语。should是情态动词，意思是“应该”。通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务。should/shouldn t do sth.e.g.He should work harder. 他应该更加努力。You should help your mother with the housework.你们应该帮妈妈做家务。5. Let s try to speak English as much as possible.让我们一起尽可能地说英语。try to do sth.努力做某事.try doing sth试着做某事(看看某种方法是否能成功)l try / do o

17、ne,s best to do sth尽某人的全力做某事e.H.Thev are trying to study English well, 他们正努力学好英语。I am trying doiriR it in this way.我正试着用这种方法做。We should try/do our best to help the people in trouble.我们应该尽最大努力帮助困境中的人们。(2)译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力(可能)”，主要用于as.as possible/one canoe.g.You should rest as much as possible.你应当尽量多休息。I

18、have helped you as much ns I can. Now it is up to you.我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。6. Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends.每次你将会学习一些新东西。我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。time的用法：(1) time侧重指“时间”这一概念，或说明“时间”的量，time用作不可数名词，前面可 much, little, a lot of, plent

19、y of 等修饰。e.g.This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.这节省了时间，使农民能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼。(2)当作“次数；倍数”讲时，time是可数名词。e.g.l have been to Beijing three times. 我去过匕京三次。(3) time构成的短语:at a time一次，每一次 at one time 曾经，一度 at times/from time to time 有时，偶尔Eg： Call me up tomorrow.I called on my

20、 grandparents yesterday.14. take photos 照相hidehidhidden 隐藏 hide up 包庇（坏人） hide sth from sb瞒着某人某事 hide out躲藏Eg： -Why did the policeman catch the man just now?-He hid up the murderer.She hid her brothers death from her parents.15. throwthrewthrown 扔；抛 throwaway 抛弃throw about 到处乱扔 throw at向扔去Eg： Dont t

21、hrow about the waste paper.The naughty boy throws at the dog a stone.16. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.lie此处为不及物动词，意为“躺”。其过去式、过去分词分别为lay, lain；现在分词为lying。He was lying on the bed.lie的其他用法：不及物动词，意为“说谎”。过去式、过去分词均为lied；现在分词为lying。lie to sb 向 sb 撒谎 Eg： Don5t lie to

22、 me.不及物动词，意为“位于”。此时其过去式、过去分词分别为lay, lain；现在分词为lying。Shandong lies in the east of China.山东位于中国东部。17. hurry up hurry to do sth in a hurryas 当时二whenwhileIasas 与一样 not assoas 与不一样Iasas possible 尽可能二asas sb cancouldI as soon as 一就Eg： He is as tall as me.We should study as hard as possible.I will call you

23、 as soon as I get home, :/ send sth to sb=send sb sthshow sth to stb=show sb sthuse A to do B 用 A 去做 B - A be used to do BA 被用来做 Bgetbe used to doing 习惯于做 sth used to do sth 过去常常做 sthEg： We can use the bamboo to make a basket.He isgets used to getting up early.He used to get up early.18. on one way

24、to 在 sb 去路上 get in the way 阻碍in this way用这种方法 by the way顺便问下in a way在某种程度take off （飞机）起飞；脱下（衣服）make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事语法全解：when和while都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生，但二者意义不尽相同。1 . when引导的从句可表示时间点，也可表示时间段，从句的位于动词既可以是延续性动词, 也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的从句通常表示时间段，从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语。 They arrived while we wer

25、e watching TV.2 .含有when引导的时间状语的主从复合句，如果主句用过去进行时，从句应该用一般过去 式，表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作发生，强调后一动作发生的突然性。We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.3 .当主从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生，主从句都用过去进行时的时候，从句多用while 引导。They were reading while we were writing .4 .如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时，多用when,不用while。此外，when还含有“at the

26、 moment”的意思,此时引导的句子不能放在句首,也不能用while 来替换主谓一致判断法主谓一致是指在一个英语句子中，主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致，这种一致性表达在 联系动词be和助动词do, have的人称和数上，以及实义动词的第三人称单数上不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式1. 动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式Either.or. : neither.nor.: not only.but also.:连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。4.在here:there开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的珠玉在数上保持一致。M9 Population1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.TheZ, population of sp is 表示 sp 有多少人。此夕卜用sp has a population of也可以表示sp有多少人。形容人口(population)的多少用big/large或small当population作主语时，谓语动词用单