高考英语一轮复习 语法专题动词的时态和语态（综合复习版）课件.pptx

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1、相约相约“动词时态动词时态”谓语动词一般现在时一般现在时1.常见的时间状语频率副词或短语：always,usually,often,sometimes,occasionally,seldom,every day,once a week,on Sundays2.用法：（1）现阶段现阶段经常发生的事，或存在的状态，拥有的特质（2）不受时间限制的客观真理，客观存在或自然现象。（3）按照固定时间表，日程安排要发生的动作，此时一般会搭配“at 3:10”的具体时刻，或者表示将来的时间。eg:The flight takes off at 3:10 tomorrow morning.Our class b

2、egins at 8:00 every morning.（4）here,there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示正在发生的动作 eg:There goes the bell.Here comes the bus.一般现在时一般现在时(5)“主将从现”：时间，条件,让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时常见的时间状语从句引导词：when,before,after,till,once,as soon as常见的条件状语从句引导词:if,in case,unless,even if,as long aseg:You will surely succeed if you try (try)your b

3、est.You can surely succeed if you try (try)your best.Call me as long as you need (need)my help.If she waits (wait),tell her to go home.I will go with you as soon as I have finished (finish)my work.注意：注意：主将：不一定就只能是一般将来时，主句也可是“情态动词+动原”或祈使句；从现：不一定从句就是一般现在时，也有可能是现在进行时或现在完成时；强调从句动作必须先完成，主句动作才开始一般现在时一般现在时

4、关于“第三人单数”-一般现在时，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要加s,即用does.主语是第三人称单数指的是：1.当主语是代词时，除了he,she,it外，还有this,that,another,everyone,everything,nobody，nothing，either,neither 这些表示单个数量的代词2.当主语是名词时，可数名词单数和不可数名词3.doing或to do 短语作主语4.主语从句作主语一般过去时一般过去时1.常见的时间状语：yesterday,last year,two days ago,in the past,in 2008,the other day,thi

5、s morning,just now,when I was young.2.用法（1）过去常做的事，过去存在的状态。（现在不再具有）（2）发生了的事。尤其是在描述一个事件的时候，虽然没有明确的时间，但只要这个事情发生了，就要用一般过去时表达。（3）已经逝去的人或事。（介绍历史人物时，侧重其贡献或历史地位，可用一般现在时，侧重对其过去情况的介绍，用一般过去时）。谓语动词的十大时态汇总一般将来时一般将来时1.常见的时间状语：tomorrow,next week,in two days,soon,in the future2.用法：（1）描述一个还没有发生的动作（2）时间状语从句，条件状语从句中，将

6、来的动作用过一般现在时表达。（3）飞机起飞等按固定时刻表进行，虽有将来时间状语，要用一般现在时表达。（4）come,go,start,leave,arrive，return,begin,take,meet等表示位置移动的词，将来的动作要用现在进行时表达。（5）有迹象表明要发生的动作，用be going to do 表达。（6）补充：be to do和be about to do 也可以用来表将来。谓语动词的十大时态汇总计划打计划打算做算做.就要做就要做.将来时六大考点将来时六大考点结构结构含义含义1.will/shall do 主观性的，意愿性的将来2.be going to do1)客观性的

7、，计划性的未来2)和“天气”相关的将来3.be to do 1)表示正式的将来，一般用在会议发言等场合；2）用在if 条件从句的从句部分表示“如果想要”4.be about to be about to when.“正要这时”5.be doing 表示移动的瞬间动词用在进行时表将来6.does火车或飞机等时刻表安排的时间，用一般现在时表将来1.Look at the rainbow!It _B_ a fine day tomorrow.A.will be B.is going to be C.is about to be D.is to be2.If you _D_ well in the c

8、oming exam,you have to prepare for it right now.A.will do B.are going to do C.are doing D.are to be3.Look at the timetable in your smart phone,and the aircraft for Paris _takes_(take)off at 10 oclock,thus we will not be late.4.We were about to eat out _when_ an unexpected visitor came.5.The farther

9、a city liver _goes_(go)into the countryside,the nicer views he will be able to appreciate.现在进行时现在进行时1.常用的时间状语：Look,Listen,now,at the moment,语境；this week,these days,at the present.2.用法：（1）此时此刻正在发生的动作（2）现阶段正在进行的，说话时不一定正在做的动作,具有暂时性和未完成性eg:I dont really work here;Im just helping outuntil the new secreta

10、ry arrives.现在进行时现在进行时（3）与always,never等搭配，描述经常做的事，但是表达强烈的赞赏或不满的情绪。eg:He is always thinking of others.He is never thinking of others.（4）come,go,start,leave,arrive，return,begin,take,meet等表示位置移动的词，用现在进行时表示将来的含义。不能用进行时的动词不能用进行时的动词谓语动词的十大时态汇总过去进行时过去进行时1.常用的时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time yesterda

11、y,at 9:00 yesterday，when you called me,when I was cleaning the window2.用法（1）表示过去的某个时间正在发生的动作（2）表示过去某段时间内进行的动作（3）用来交代故事发生的背景谓语动词的十大时态汇总将来进行时（了解）将来进行时（了解）1.常用的时间状语：at this time tomorrow,at 8:00 tomorrow,when he arrives等2.用法：将来的某一时间正在发生的动作。谓语动词的十大时态汇总现在完成时现在完成时1-表持续表持续1.常用的时间状语：for six year,since 1998,

12、since two years ago,since I graduated（自从.),so far,up till now,by now,up to now（到现在为止）,recently,in/for/during the last 20 years,in the past 20 years(在过去20年）等2.用法表示一个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在谓语动词必须谓语动词必须是可持续的是可持续的现在完成时现在完成时-表持续表持续瞬间动词向持续动词的转换现在完成时现在完成时2-表影响表影响1.常用的时间状语：already，yet，just 2.用法：一个在过去发生并结束的动作，对现在造成某种

13、影响。“已经已经”肯定句，句中肯定句，句中“已经，还没有已经，还没有”疑问句，否定句，疑问句，否定句，句尾句尾“刚刚刚刚”句中句中现在完成时现在完成时-表经历表经历1.常用的时间状语：before,never,ever,three times等2.用法：从过去到现在的经历从过去到现在的经历3.常用句型：常用句型：It is the+序数词序数词+times+that(现在完成时）现在完成时）It is the+最高级最高级+名词名词+that（现在完成时）（现在完成时）have been to&have gone to也不能与具体也不能与具体的时间连用哦的时间连用哦谓语动词的十大时态汇总现在完

14、成进行时现在完成进行时1.常用的时间状语：和现在完成时表持续的时间状语一样2.用法：一个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并要继续下去谓语动词的十大时态汇总过去完成时过去完成时1.常用的时间状语：无具体时间，必须与另一个过去的动作进行对比2.用法：（1）表持续：一个动作从过去开始持续到过去的另一个时间eg:He said he has been there for 3 years.By then he had known nothing about it.I came across Tom yesterday.I hadnt seen him for ten years.（2）表过去的过去：一个过

15、去的动作发生在另一个过去的动作之前，则这个动作 用过去完成时表达futurenowpastv1v2had donedid谓语动词的十大时态汇总将来完成时（了解）将来完成时（了解）1.常用时间状语：by+将来时间点2.用法：到将来的某个时间为止已经结束的动作eg:By this time of next year,all of you will have become college students.谓语动词的十大时态汇总过去将来时过去将来时1.时间状语：没有具体的时间状语，必须与另一个过去的动作进行对比。2.用法：两个过去的动作，后发生的那一个，用过去将来是表达。eg:It was eigh

16、t oclock.2017 would arrive in four hours.He said that he would be here at eight oclock.谓语动词的十大时态汇总nowfuturepastV1V2didwould do谓语动词的十大时态汇总谓语动词的十大时态汇总 时时 态态过去过去过去将来过去将来现在现在将来将来一般进行完成完成进行1.was,were2.did1.would be2.would do1.am,is are2.do/does1.will be/shall be2.be going to do3.be to do4.be about to do

17、was/were doingam/is/are+doing will be doinghad donehave/has donewill have donehave/has been doing十大时态的被动语态十大时态的被动语态各种时态的被动语态各种时态的被动语态-be done 时时态态过去过去过去将来过去将来现在现在将来将来一般一般 主动 主动 主动 主动 被动 被动 被动 被动进行进行 主动 主动 被动 被动完成完成 主动 主动 主动 被动 被动 被动完成进行完成进行各种时态的被动语态各种时态的被动语态-be done 时时态态过去过去过去将来过去将来现在现在将来将来一般一般 did

18、would dodo/doeswill do进行进行 was/were doing am/is/are doingwill be doing完成完成 had done have/has done will have done 完成进行完成进行 was/were done would be doneam/is/are donewill be done was/were being done am/is/are being done had been done have/has been done1.The painters are painting the gallery now.The gal

19、lery is being painted by the painters.2.The law will punish you some day.You will be punished by the law some day.3.In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farms after they have cut the wheat.In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farms after the wheat has been cut.4

20、.I enjoyed the party last night,and our hosts treated us well.I enjoyed the party last night,and we were treated well by our host.将下列句子由主动语态变为被动语态将下列句子由主动语态变为被动语态1.情态动词的被动We should respect the old.The old should be respected.2.be going to do,used to do,have to do,had better do 的被动The city is going t

21、o hold a big ceremony.A big ceremony is going to be held by the city.The teacher used to criticize me in class.I used to be criticized by the tacher in class.The manager has to put off the conference.The conference has to be put off by the manager.We had better put the plants indoor.The plants had b

22、etter be put indoor.他们的被动你知道吗？他们的被动你知道吗？情态动词情态动词+be donebe going to be doneused to be donehave to be donehad better be done1.系动词不用被动语态2.不及物动词，如：break out(爆发),take place(发生),happen(发生)，belong to(属于)等不用于被动。3.东西说明主语的性质时，有clean,sell,lock,open,write,read,wash等于easily、poorly,well等搭配使用时。举个栗子：All the shoes

23、are sold out within two hours.All the shoes sell well.This kind of cloth washes easily.The door doesnt lock easily.The door cant open.被动语态需要注意的问题被动语态需要注意的问题 1-不用被动语态的动词或短语不用被动语态的动词或短语1.The teacher made Tom answer it again.Tom was made to answer it again.2.He saw a stranger enter the room.A stranger

24、was seen to enter the room.被动语态注意问题被动语态注意问题2-人在江湖混，欠的总是要还的人在江湖混，欠的总是要还的 make sb do sth：让某人做某事：让某人做某事 be made to do sthsee/notice/hear sb do sth:看见看见/听见某人做某事听见某人做某事 be seen/noiticed/heard to do sthlaugh at（嘲笑），send for（派人去请/取）,call on（拜访）,carry out（实施，执行）,take care of（照顾）,make use of（利用）,pay attentio

25、n to（注意）,hand in（递交）等短语动词的被动语态也不可去掉后面的介词或副词。将下列句子变为被动语态We can make use of solar energy.Solar energy can be made use of.被动语态注意问题被动语态注意问题3-一个都不能少。一个都不能少。One of Barcelonas most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia,which was designed by an archited called Antonio Gaudi.=One of Barcelona

26、s most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia,which got designed by an archited called Antonio Gaudi.被动语态注意问题被动语态注意问题4-还有一个孪生兄弟叫还有一个孪生兄弟叫get done1.-Excuse me,is the book Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell available now?-Sorry,but it sells (sell)so well that we dont have any in st

27、ore.2.People say that a smile can pass (pass)from one person to another,but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so.3.-Did you enjoy the party?-Yes,We were treated (treat)well by our hosts.5-Unless some extra money is to found (find),),the theatre will close.6.It is reported that a space station will be built (build)on the moon in years to come.:有题有真相有题有真相