人教课标版高二英语必修5unit1SectionⅠWarmingUp(含练习答案解析).pdf

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1、 霍乱、肺结核等疾病给人类健康带来了极大的损害。Robert Koch 的研究成果为战胜这些疾病取得了重大突破。Cholera and tuberculosis were two of the most dangerous killer diseases in the late 19th century.A man,named Robert Koch,made a breakthrough in the fight against these diseases.Who was Robert Koch?Koch was a German scientist,born in Hanover in

2、1843.Koch began research into the microbes(细菌)affecting diseased animals and people in 1872.He won the Nobel Prize in 1905 for his work on tuberculosis.What made him famous?In 1878 Koch discovered that microbes caused wounds to go infected,but his big breakthrough came when he decided to stain(给着色)m

3、icrobes with dye(染料),enabling him to photograph them under a microscope.Using this method he was able to study them more effectively and prove that every disease was caused by different germs.He identified the microbes that caused tuberculosis in 1882 and cholera in 1883.How did he do this?Kochs dis

4、coveries were the result of careful research using the microscope,photography and dyes.As a result of his work,the German government also set up an“Institute of Infectious Diseases”in Berlin in 1891 for medical research and development.In the 20th century medical research has increasingly involved t

5、eams of researchers supported by large public or private funds.Results of his research The scientific evidence of microbes helped other scientists prove that pollution spread disease.It meant certain kinds of action could be taken to prevent certain types of disease.Since cholera was carried in wate

6、r,for example,its spread could be prevented with clean water supplies.Longterm importance Koch was responsible for establishing the new“Science of Modern Bacteriology”.Other scientists would continue to improve our knowledge of disease and germs by using his methods.By 1900 he and his students had i

7、dentified 21 germs causing diseases.From： Section Warming Up&ReadingComprehending 基础词汇 1defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n.失败 2expert adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n.专家；行家 3attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 4expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 5cure n.治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗 6foresee vt.预见；预知 7suspect vt.认为；怀疑 n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 8blame vt.责备；谴责 n.过失；责备 9handle n.柄；把手 v

8、t.处理；操纵 10link vt.&n.连接；联系 拓展词汇 11scientific adj.科学的science n科学scientist n科学家 12conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束 13absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的 14pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染 15announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n公告；宣布announcer n播音员；宣告者 16challenge n挑战 vt.向挑战challenging adj.挑战性的 17

9、painter n画家；油漆匠paint v绘画；涂painting n油画；水彩画 18certainty n确信；确实certain adj.确实的；肯定的certainly adv.确定；肯定 1put_forward 提出；推荐 2draw_a_conclusion 得出结论 3expose.to 使显露；暴露 4be_determined_to_do_sth.决心做某事 5face_a_challenge 面临挑战 6mark.on.在上把标出来 7be_to_blame 该受责备；应负责 8link.to.将和联系或连接 起来 9look_into 调查 10slow_down 减

10、速；减缓 1neither.nor.既不也不 Neither_its_cause_nor_its_cure_was_understood.(人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。)2every time 引导的时间状语从句 So many thousands of terrified people died every_time(每当)there was an outbreak.3so.that.如此以至于，引导结果状语从句 In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so_severe_that(如此严重以至于)more tha

11、n 500 people died in ten days.4have宾语宾语补足语 A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had_it_delivered(派人送)to her house every day.5不定式作目的状语 To_prevent_this_from_happening_again(为了防止这种情况再度发生),John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplie

12、s be examined.Fast-reading Skim the text and choose the best answer.1Whats the main idea of the passage?AJohn Snow was a wellknown doctor in London.BThe cause of cholera was polluted water.CThe source of all drinking water should be examined.D How John Snow collected，analyzed data and found the caus

13、e of the disease and solved it.答案：D 2Find out the main idea(or topic sentence)of each paragraph：Para.1()AJohn Snows suggestions for preventing cholera.Para.2()BAn analysis of John Snows map.Para.3()CExtra evidence showed that polluted water carried the virus.Para.4()DTwo theories possibly explaining

14、 how cholera killed people.Para.5()EA brief introduction of John Snow and cholera.Para.6()FJohn Snow found the cause of the disease.Para.7()GJohn Snow began to gather information to prove the second theory was correct.答案：EDGBFCA Careful-reading Read the text and choose the best answer.1Why did John

15、Snow attend Queen Victoria as her personal physician?ABecause he was wellknown all over the world.BBecause he was expert at medical science.CBecause he was an old doctor.DBecause Queen Victoria liked him very much.2Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in?AA cloud of dangerous gas wo

16、uld float around until it found its victims.BPeople absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.CPeople got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.DPeople suffered from cholera because they were not clean.3How did he find out the cause of the disease?ABy living in the area where ch

17、olera broke out.BBy marking on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.CBy telling the terrified people how to prevent it.DBy saving the dying people suffering from cholera.4How was“King Cholera”defeated?ABy not polluting the river again.BBy eating healthy diets.CBy delivering the

18、 water from other rivers.DBy stopping drinking the polluted water.答案：14.BBBD Study-reading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.尝试翻译 _ _ 答案：但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奋。2He became intereste

19、d in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.本句是一个主从复合句。主句是 He became interested in two theories;that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词_，且在从句中作_。该定语从句中又包含一个由 how 引导的_从句。尝试翻译 _ _ 答案：theories；主语；宾语；他对可能解释霍乱致人死亡的两种看法都很感兴趣。3A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so

20、much that she had it delivered to her house every day.本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主干是 A woman liked the water;who 引导非限制性定语从句，对_进行补充说明。so.that.在此引导_从句。had it delivered 是 have sth.done 结构，在此意为“让/请别人做某事”。尝试翻译 _ _ 答案：woman；结果状语；有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。4To prevent this from happening again，John Sno

21、w suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.逗号前面的不定式短语作_。suggested 后接宾语从句 the source of all the water supplies be examined。尝试翻译 _ _ 答案：目的状语；为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰 斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed,that he attended Que

22、en Victoria as her personal physician.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.This was the deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John Snow wan

23、ted to face the challengeand solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas floated arou

24、nd until it found its victims.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.defeatdIfitvt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n.失败 King Cholera 1854 年爆发于英国的一次严重霍乱 experteksptadj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n.

25、专家；行家 attend tendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 Queen Victoria 维多利亚女王(18191901)physicianfIzInn.医生；内科医师 exposeIksp zvt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 expose.to 使显露；暴露 过去分词短语 exposed to cholera 作后置定语，修饰 people。deadlydedlIadj.致命的 of its day 当时；那时。在句中作后置定语。curekj n.治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗 every time 每次。用作连词，连接时间状语从句。outbreakatbreIkn.爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)c

26、hallengetlIndn.挑战 vt.向挑战 that 在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词 theories。victimvIktImn.受害者 absorb bzbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心 absorb.into.将吸入 过去分词 affected 在句中作定语，意为“受疾病侵袭的”。约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奋。霍乱是当时最致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。因此，每次霍乱爆发时，就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。约翰斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这

27、个问题。他知道在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。他对可能解释霍乱致人死亡的两种看法都很感兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，它像一股危险的气体到处飘浮，直到找到受害者为止。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。疾病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就会死亡。John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.So when another outbreak hit London in 1854,he was ready to begin his enquiry.As the d

28、isease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods,he began to gather information.In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.suspects spektvt.认为；怀疑sspektn.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 hit vt.(厄运、灾难等)突然袭击；侵袭 enquiryInkwaI rIn.询

29、问 21as 在句中引导时间状语，意为“当时候”。neighbourhoodneIb hdn.附近；邻近 22severesIvI adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 23so.that.如此以至于 24be determined to do 下定决心做 约翰斯诺推测第二种看法是正确的，但他需要证据。因此，在 1854 年伦敦再次暴发霍乱时，约翰斯诺就准备开始他的调查。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，他就开始收集资料。在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得如此严重以至于 10 天内就有 500 多人死亡。他决心要查明原因。First he marked on a map the exact places whe

30、re all the dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16,37,38 and 40).He also noticed that some houses(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street )had had no deat

31、hs.He had not foreseen this,so he made further investigations.He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.It seemed that the water was to blame.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water fo

32、r these two streets.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He had shown that cholera was spread by g

33、erms and not in a cloud of gas.25mark.on.把标在上 26where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 places。27clueklun.线索；提示 28death n死；死亡(人数)；死亡案例 29pumppmpn.泵；抽水机 vt.(用泵)抽(水)30Broad Street 牛津城的宽街，历史建筑群最密集的街道之一。31CambridgekeImbrIdStreet 剑桥大街 32foreseefsivt.(foresaw，foreseen)预见；预知 33investigationInvestIeInn.调查 34It seemed that.好像 35

34、blamebleImvt.责备；谴责 n.过失；责备 be to blame 应受责备；该受责备 36look into 调查；了解 37polluteplutvt.污染；弄脏 38handlehndln.柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵 39so that 引导目的状语从句。40slow down 减缓；缓解 41germdmn.微生物；细菌 首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的确切的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱病因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是 16、37、38、40 号)。约翰斯诺还发现有些住宅(如宽街上的 20 号和 21 号以及剑桥大街上的 8 号和 9 号)却无

35、人死亡。他以前没预见到这种情况，所以他要进行更进一步的调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥大街 7号的酒馆里工作。酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵里抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。接下来，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被从伦敦排放的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就得到缓解。他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气体传播的。In another part of London,he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked t

36、o the Broad Street outbreak.A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty th

37、at polluted water carried the germs.To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.Finally“King Cholera”was defeated.42supporting adj.有力的；(演员、角色)次要的；配角的

38、 supporting evidence 有力的证据 43linklIkvt.&n连接；联系 link.to.将和联系或连接起来 44who 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 woman。45had it delivered(让人运送它)中 it 代指上文的 water，have 为使役动词，过去分词delivered 作宾语补足语。46announcenansvt.宣布；通告 47with certainty“肯定地”，作状语。48prevent.(from)doing 阻止做 49be examined 为虚拟语气结构，其前省略了 should。50instructInstrktvt.命令

39、；指示；教导 instruct sb.to do sth.指导某人做某事 在伦敦的另一个地方，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。她和她的女儿喝了这种水后，都因得了霍乱而死去。有了这个额外的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触被污染的水了。最后，“霍乱王”被击败了。阅读理解 A Generally speaking,waiting rooms are always

40、filled with a lot of impatient people.However,a project carried out by The Observer suggests that people regard these spaces as a place of refuge(避难),a window in their tightly scheduled lives.Ella Doroudy,Margate Station We were at the beach for the day,and now are on our way home.We dont have to wa

41、it very long,because we checked the timetable so we got here in time for the train.I just chat with my mates,really,and listen to music until the train comes.Waiting with other people is easier because you can kill time when youre talking about stuff.Caroline Lacey,Streatham Dental Center I dont rea

42、lly get nervous about seeing the dentist,but since these two fillings(补牙的材料)came out Ive been in sharp pain.Its very bright and airy here,so it s quite calming.Usually I kill time by reading magazines.Ive been coming to the dentist as and when I need to,but now its got to be regular.Katie Hawkins,Mo

43、del Casting I was a bit late today,which Im quite pleased about because some of these girls have been waiting ages.You cant help but look at everyone else a bityou look at the other girls and think：“I wonder if theyll like her better than they like me.”While Im waiting,Im thinking：“Oh come on.I_do_h

44、ave_a_life！”Paul Thomas,Royal London Hospital I feel pretty indifferent(满不在乎的)while Im waiting here,to be honest.Its something Ive got very used to since my motorbike accident seven years ago.Ive had about 32 operations so far.Its no good rushing in thinking youre going to escape in five minutes,so

45、I just sit back and watch people,really.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个人在不同场所等候时的心理活动。1What is Ella doing at Margate Station?AChecking the timetable.BCatching the train to the beach.CMeeting and picking her mates up.DWaiting for the train to return home.D 解析：细节理解题。由Ella Doroudy说的now are on our way home.we go

46、t here in time for the train.listen to music until the train comes 可知，她正在 Margate Station 的候车厅等返程回家的火车。2How does Caroline feel after she enters the waiting room?ABored.BExcited.CRelaxed.DNervous.C 解析：推理判断题。由 Caroline Lacey 说的 Ive been in sharp pain.Its very bright and airy here,so its quite calming.

47、可知，牙科医院候诊室明亮且通风，这让牙痛难忍的 Caroline感到很放松。3What kind of feeling does Katie probably show when she is thinking“I do have a life！”？AImpatience.BSatisfaction.CAmazement.DConfidence.D 解析：推理判断题。Katie Hawkins 是在模特选角现场的等待区，由划线句前她对自己的鼓励 come on 可知，参加模特选角的 Katie 看到等候区众多女孩，心里默默地对自己鼓励说她有机会，此处应是表现她的自信。4Who enjoys l

48、ooking at the people around him or her while waiting?APaul Thomas.BElla Doroudy.CKatie Hawkins.DCaroline Lacey.A 解析：细节理解题。由 Paul Thomas 说的 I just sit back and watch people,really 可知，等待的时候，他喜欢观察四周的人。B Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth

49、.Sir Isaac Newton,the seventeenth century scientist,was very smart,but that didnt stop him from doing some pretty stupid things.In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments.Once,while testing how light passes through lenses(晶状体)，he put a long needle into his eye,pushed it to

50、 the back,and then moved it around just to see what would happen.Luckily,nothing longlasting did.On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear,to discover what effect this would have on his sight.Again he escaped suffering permanent damage,though he had to spend some days in