高中情态动词用法总结 课件.ppt

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1、1米特洋初中、高中情态动词入门2定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。注意3分类:情态动词有四类:只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would)具有情态动词特征:have(had,has)to,used to4位置:情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前,谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句

2、中,情态动词则在主语之前。I can see you.Come here.我能看见你,过来吧。He must have been away.他一定走了。What can I do for you?我能帮你吗?How dare you treat us like that!你怎能那样对待我们!5特点:情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。He could be here soon.他很快就来。W

3、e cant carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。Im sorry I cant help you.对不起,我帮不上你。6The basic uses of Modal Verbs 6、Dare/dared 7、Need/needed 8、ought to 9、三点说明、三点说明 10、典型错误典型错误 1、Can/could 2、May/might 3、Must/need 4、Shall/should 5、will/would 7一、一、can,could1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。能力(体力、知识、技能)。Can you lift this heavy box?

4、(体力)(体力)Mary can speak three languages.(知识)(知识)Can you skate?(技能)(技能)此时可用be able to代替。(考点一):。(考点一):Can只有一般现在一般现在时时和一般过去;而一般过去;而be able to则有更多的时态。更多的时态。Ill not be able to come this afternoon.当表示(考点二)(考点二)“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用不能用Can。如:如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spi

5、te of the heavy rain.8一、一、can,could2)表示请求和允许。表示请求和允许。-Can I go now?-Yes,you can./No,you cant.此时可与may互换。在疑问句疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。-Could I come to see you tomorrow?-Yes,you can.(No,Im afraid not.)(考点考点)9一、一、can,could3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。Theyve changed the t

6、imetable,so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、疑问句、否定句否定句和感叹句感叹句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.对比:对比:This must be done by him.How can this be true?101.Can 1.表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages.2.表示允许 Can I bo

7、rrow the book from the library.3.表示可能性 Shanghai can be very cold in March.Could 过去式;语气更委婉2.Can 与 be able to1.Can 表示习惯能力,表示习惯能力,而而be able to表示经过那里而做成了某事。表示经过那里而做成了某事。2.在否定结构中,二者可以互换。在否定结构中,二者可以互换。3.can./could+have+p.p1.在否定、疑问句中表示在否定、疑问句中表示“对过去发生行为对过去发生行为 的可能性猜测。的可能性猜测。2.在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而未做本来可以做而未

8、做”1.The door was lacked.She couldnt have been at home.(推测:)2.You could have been more careful.(但实事上没有更细致)11二、二、may,might 1)表示请求和允许。表示请求和允许。might比比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用否定回答时可用(考点一)(考点一)cant或或mustnt,表示,表示“不可以,禁不可以,禁止止”。-Might/May I smoke in this room?-No,you mustnt.-May/Might I take th

9、is book out of the room?-Yes,you can.(No,you cant/mustnt.)用用May I.?征征徇徇对对方方许许可可时时比比较较正正式式和和客客气气,而而用用Can I.?在在口口语中更常见。语中更常见。12二、二、may,might 2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。May you succeed!3)表示推测、可能性推测、可能性(不用于疑问句疑问句)。might不是过去式过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。1He may/might be very busy now.2Your mother may/might not know t

10、he truth.131.May 1.表示可能性2.表示允许3.表示祝愿Might 过去式;语气更委婉2.may/might+have+p.p1.在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测 “也许是也许是”2.Might+have+p.p表示虚拟,表表示虚拟,表“劝告、责备之意。劝告、责备之意。”Eg.1.She may be still waiting for us.2.May I come in?3.May you have a happy holiday.Eg.1.He might have spoken to her yesterday.(委婉推测)2.Y

11、ou might have told me earlier.(你或许可以早点告诉我,但实事上没有,有责备之意)14三、三、must,have to 1)表示必须、必要。表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,(考点一考点一)不能用mustnt(禁止,不准),而用neednt,dont have to(不必).-Must we hand in our exercise books today?-Yes,you must.-No,you dont have to/you neednt.15三、三、must,have to 2)must是说话人的

12、主观看法,是说话人的主观看法,而而have to则强调客观需要。则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时,只有一般现在时,have to 有更多的时态形式。有更多的时态形式。He play isnt interesting,I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age.3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)Youre Toms good friend,so you must know what he likes best.Your mother must be waiting for you

13、 now.161.Must 1.表示肯定的猜测表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句,但只用于肯定句,2.而而mustnt 表示表示“禁止、不准禁止、不准”2.Must、have to 与have got to1.Must表示主观表示主观2.Have to表示客观需求表示客观需求3.Have got to 多见于口语多见于口语3.must+have+p.p对过去事情的肯定猜测。对过去事情的肯定猜测。Eg.The road is wet.It must have rained last night.17四四、shall,should 1)shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。用于第一人称,征求对方的

14、意见。What shall we do this evening?Shall we go there by bus?2)shall 用于用于(考点一考点一)第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。警告、允诺或威胁。1.You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告警告)2.He shall have me the book when I finish it.(允诺允诺)3.He shall be punished.(威胁威胁)181、Shall/should 1、第一、三人称疑问句中表示、第一、三人称疑问句

15、中表示“请求请求 或征求对方意见。或征求对方意见。Eg.Shall I get you a cup of coffee?2、第二、三人称陈述句中、第二、三人称陈述句中1、表示允诺、表示允诺“会(得到)。会(得到)。2、表示命令、表示命令/警告警告威胁威胁“该回必须该回必须”shall/should +have+p.p ought to表示本应该做而未做。表示本应该做而未做。should 过去式 语气更委婉Eg.You should have been five minutes ago.2、2、19五五、will,would 1)表示请求、建议等,表示请求、建议等,would更委婉更委婉 Wil

16、l/Would you pass me the ball,please?2)表示意志、愿望和决心。表示意志、愿望和决心。1.I will never do that again.2.They asked him if he would go abroad.20五五、will,would 3)would表示过去反复发生的过去反复发生的动作动作或某种某种倾向倾向。would表示过去过去习惯习惯时比used to正式,且没有(考点考点)“现已无此习惯”的含义。1.During the vacation,he would visit me every other day.2.The wound wou

17、ld not heal治愈治愈.创伤难以愈合创伤难以愈合 Would 后只能接表示动作的动词。动作的动词。used to 则还可以接表示状态状态的动词。(考点)动词。(考点)He used to be a worker.4)表示估计和猜想。表示估计和猜想。It would be about ten oclock when she left home.21Will/would 1、表示意愿、表示意愿 Ill try my best to overcome the difficulty.2、表示意图、表示意图What will you do?3、表示请示、表示请示 Will you halp me

18、 to put these books in order?4、表示习惯动作、表示习惯动作She will sit for hours without saying a word.Would 与 used to 1、Would 后只能接表示动作的动词。后只能接表示动作的动词。2、used to 则还可以接表示状态的动词。则还可以接表示状态的动词。Eg.He used to be a worker.22六六、dare,need 1)dare作情态动词用时作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过过去式形式为去式形式为dared。How dare you s

19、ay Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he?If we dared not go there that day,we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2)need 作作情情态态动动词词用用时时,常常用用于于疑疑问问句句、否否定定句句。在在肯肯定定句句中中一一般用般用must,have to,ought to,should代替。代替。1You neednt come so early.2.-Need I finish the work today?-Yes,you must.

20、/No,you neednt.23六六、dare,need 3)dare和和 need作实义动词用时,作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。在有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,肯定句中,dare后面常接带后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带后面可接带to或不带或不带to的不定式。而的不定式。而need后面只能接带后面只能接带to的的不定式。不定式。1.I dare to swim across this river.2.He doesnt dare(to)answer.3.He needs to finish his homework

21、 today.241、情态动词用于否定、疑问句;条件从句中。、情态动词用于否定、疑问句;条件从句中。eg.1.Dare you go here alone?2.How dare you do such follish things?3.I wont allow you to swim in the river,even if you dare do it.Dare/dared2、做实意动词后加不定式。、做实意动词后加不定式。eg.I have never dared to tell him about it.25Need/needed 1、情态动词用于否定句,疑问句。2、实意动词用法似dare

22、,用作不定式。3、need+not+have+p.p 表示“本来不需要做而做了。26七、七、should,ought to 1)should,ought to表示表示“应该应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比表示义务或责任,比should语气重。语气重。1.I should help her because she is in trouble.2.You ought to take care of the baby.2)表表示示劝劝告告、建建议议和和命命令令。should,ought to可可通通用用,但但在在疑疑问问句句中中常用常用should。1.You should/ought t

23、o go to class right away.2.Should I open the window?.27七、七、should,ought to 3)表示推测表示推测should,ought to(客观推测客观推测),must(主观推测主观推测)。1.He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)3.This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4.This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)28Ought to 1、其否定

24、式为、其否定式为ought not to2、ought to+have+p.p 表示本来应该做而没有做到。表示本来应该做而没有做到。ought+not+to have+p.p 表示本不来应该做而实际已做到表示本不来应该做而实际已做到 You ought to have come here early.You ought not to have cut away the trees around the old building.29三点说明三点说明1、情态动词+v 表示对现在或将来现在或将来动作的猜测。情态动词+have+p.p表示对过去过去动作的猜测。2、情态动词的过去式与原形相比,多点礼貌

25、,少点冒昧,语气更为委婉。情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答:Can you sing?May I come in?Must I handin the book now?Need I finish it now?Yes,I can.No,I cant.Yes,you may.No,you mustnt.Yes,you must.No,neednt/dont have to.Yes,you must.No,you neednt.30典型错误典型错误典型错误典型错误1.He mustnt be in the classroom.()cant2.You might leave the bag on the

26、 bag.()might have left3.You must have seen the film last week,havet you?()didnt you 4.Li ming must have been to Japan,didnt he?()hasnt he31米特洋高中情态动词高考要点32八、八、情态动词情态动词+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)1)can/could+have done在肯定句肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气虚拟语气在疑问句疑问句或否定句否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定,表示推测推测。1.You could have

27、 done better,but you didnt try your best.(虚拟(虚拟语气)语气)2.He cant have been to that town.(推测推测)3.Can he have got the book?(推测推测)33八、八、情态动词情态动词+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)2)may/might+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比所表示的可能性比may小。小。He may not h

28、ave finished the work.他可能没有做完那项工作If we had taken the other road,we might have arrived earlier.(条件虚拟)(我们也许会到的更早些)34八、八、情态动词情态动词+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)3)must+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、一定、想必想必”。其疑问、否定形式用。其疑问、否定形式用can,cant代替。参看代替。参看1)can/could+have done表示推测。表示

29、推测。You must have seen the film Titanic.He must have been to Shanghai.must have done sth.肯定已经做了某事(对过去的一种非常肯定的推肯定已经做了某事(对过去的一种非常肯定的推测)测)can/could not have done sth.不可能已经做了某事(对过去的一种否定推测)不可能已经做了某事(对过去的一种否定推测)may/might(not)have done sth.也许已经做了某事(对过去的一种大概推测)也许已经做了某事(对过去的一种大概推测)推测推测小结小结35八、八、情态动词情态动词+不定式完成

30、式(不定式完成式(have done)4)should+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。表示“本本应应该该做做而而实实际际上上没没有有做做某某事事”,其否定式表示某种行为本本不不该该发发生生却却发发生生了了。可以与ought to+不不定定式式完完成成式式(have done)互换。He should have finished the work by now。You ought to/should have helped him.(but you didnt.)She shouldnt have take

31、n away my measuring tape测尺,for I wanted to use it.36八、八、情态动词情态动词+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)5)neednt+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)表示表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。6)will+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测推测。You neednt have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.He will have arrived by n

32、ow.37米特洋情态动词表推测小节38一、一、对现实、现在推测对现实、现在推测1)Must 推测(只用于(只用于肯定肯定的陈述句)的陈述句)He must be at home nowHe must know you.He must be waiting for us now.(现在正在进行(现在正在进行的推测)的推测)2)can表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句疑问句、否定句和感叹句感叹句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.对比:对比:This must be done by him.

33、How can this be true?注:注:must+be doing 表示对现在或将来正在发生的事的表示对现在或将来正在发生的事的推测。推测。According to the weather forecast,it must be snowing tomorrow.39一、一、对现实、现在推测对现实、现在推测3)表示推测、可能性推测、可能性(不用于疑问句疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。He may/might be very busy now.Your mother may/might not know the truth.Tom may not know

34、you are here.4)will表示猜测表示猜测“可能,大概可能,大概”。That will be the postman ringing.按铃的可能是邮递员按铃的可能是邮递员 It would be about ten oclock when she left home.That would be wonderful!5)would表示估计和猜想。表示估计和猜想。40一、一、对现实、现在推测对现实、现在推测6)表示推测表示推测should,ought to(客观推测客观推测),must(主观推测主观推测)。1.He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)2.He ou

35、ght to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)3.This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4.This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)41二、二、对过去、过去事实推测对过去、过去事实推测1)must+have+p.p对过去事情的肯定猜测对过去事情的肯定猜测The road is wet.It must have rained last night.2)can./could+have+p.p.在在否定否定、疑问句疑问句中表示中表示“对过去发对过去发生行为生行为 的可能性猜测。的可能性猜测。The

36、 door was lacked.She couldnt have been at home.He cant have been to that town.(推测推测)Can he have got the book?(推测推测)42二、二、对过去、过去事实推测对过去、过去事实推测3)may/might+have+p.p在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测 “也许是(也许不是)也许是(也许不是)”He might have spoken to her yesterday.(委婉推测委婉推测)He might not have known of Nini be

37、fore.4)should+have+p.p 用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。测。He should have finished the work by now。43二、二、对过去、过去事实推测对过去、过去事实推测5)will+不定式完成式(不定式完成式(have done)主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测推测。He will have arrived by now.He will have completed his task by evening.He will have graduated by then.到那时他就已经毕业了到那时

38、他就已经毕业了。441.We _ last night,but we went to the concert instead.No wonder we failed in the quiz this morning.A must have studiedB might studyC should have studiedD would study452.Jenny _ have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind.A must B should C need D would3.Michale _ be a policeman,for

39、hes much too short.A neednt B cant C should D may4.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he _ your lecture.A couldnt have attendedB neednt have attendedC mustnt have attendedD shouldnt have attended465.I got up early that morning,but I _ so because I had no work to do.A mustnt have doneB didnt need to doC neednt have doneD cant have done.6.It must have rained last night,_?7.He must have been to Hong Kong,for he knows a lot,_?8.You must be a writer,_?A mustnt you B are you C must you D arent youdidnt ithasnt he47

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